Environmental Permit No. EP-329/2009
環境許可證編號  EP-329/2009

 

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ORDINANCE

(CHAPTER 499)

SECTION 10

環境影響評估條例

(499)

10

 

ENVIRONMENTAL PERMIT TO CONSTRUCT AND OPERATE

A DESIGNATED PROJECT

建造及營辦指定工程項目的環境許可證

  

PART A (MAIN PERMIT)

A (許可證主要部分)

 

Pursuant to Section 10 of the Environmental Impact Assessment Ordinance (the Ordinance), the Director of Environmental Protection (the Director) grants this environmental permit to the Food and Environmental Hygiene Department (hereinafter referred as the "Permit Holder") to construct and operate the designated project described in Part B subject to the conditions specified in Part C. The issue of this environmental permit is based on the documents, approvals or permissions described below:

 

根據環境影響評估條例(本條例)10條的規定,環境保護署署長(署長)將本環境許可證批予食物環境衞生署(許可證持有人)以建造及營辦B部 所說明的指定工程項目,但須遵守C部 列明的條件。本環境許可證依據下列文件、批准或許可而簽發﹕

 

 

Application No.

申請書編號

AEP-329/2009

 

Document in the Register:

登記冊上的文件:

 

1.  Provision of Cremators at Wo Hop Shek Crematorium (Register No. AEIAR-119/2008) :

 

-          Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report (February 2008) [Hereafter referred to as "the EIA Report"]

-          Environmental Monitoring and Audit (EM&A) Manual (January 2008) [Hereafter referred to as "the EM&A Manual”]

-          Executive Summary (February 2008)

 

 

1.   和合石火葬場重置火化爐工程(登記冊檔號: AEIAR-119/2008):

-          環境影響評估報告 (20082) [下稱環評報告”]

-          環境監察審核手冊 (20081) [下稱環監手冊”]

-          行政摘要(20082)

 

 

 

2.   The Director’s letter of approval of the EIA Report dated 24 June 2008, (ref. (50) in EP 2/N7/N/48 Pt.II)

 

2.   署長於2008624日發出該環評報告的批准信,檔案編號: (50 in EP 2/N7/N/48 Pt.II)

 

3.   Application for Environmental Permit submitted on 16 January 2009 (Application No. AEP-329/2009) [Hereinafter referred to as the "Application"]

 

3.   2009 116日 提交的環境許可 證申請文件 (申請書編: AEP-329/2009) [ ]

  

 

  

 

 

 

 

 

12 February 2009

 

Date

日期

 

(Maurice K.L. YEUNG)

Principal Environmental Protection Officer

(Assessment and Noise)

for Director of Environmental Protection

環境保護署署長

(首席環境保護主任(評估及噪音) 楊國良代行

 

 

 

 
PART B (DESCRIPTIONS OF DESIGNATED PROJECT)

B (指定工程項目的說明)

 

Hereunder is the description of the designated project mentioned in Part A of this environmental permit:

 

下列為本環境許可證A部 所提及的指定工程項目的說明:

 

Title of Designated Project

指定工程項目的名稱

Provision of Cremators at Wo Hop Shek Crematorium

[The project is hereinafter referred to as "the Project".]


和合石火葬場重置火化爐工程

[上述工程項目下稱"工程項目" ]

 

Nature of Designated Project
指定工程項目的性質

Construction and operation of a new crematorium.

建造及營辦一所新的火葬場。

 

Location of Designated Project

指定工程項目的地點

Wo Hop Shek, Fanling.
粉嶺和合石。

 

Figure 1 attached to this Permit shows the location of the Project.

工程項目的位置載於本許可證的附圖一

 

Scale and Scope of Designated Project

指定工程項目的規模和範圍

 

The scope of the Project includes the following works:-

 

(i)                   demolition of the existing coffin crematorium building, transformer room, pump room and skeletal cremator building;

(ii)                 provision of cremation plant room, multi-purpose service halls and other ancillary facilities;  and

(iii)                operation of nine new cremators including seven new coffin cremators, one dual-purpose cremator for handling both coffins and skeleton cremations and one new skeletal cremator, which are equipped with air pollution control equipment.

工程項目的範圍包括下述工程 :

(i)            拆卸現有的棺木火葬場建築、變壓器室、泵房和骸骨火化爐建築;

(ii)          置火化爐的爐房、禮堂及其他輔助設施;以及

(iii)                運作九個新的、置空氣污染控制設備的火化爐,包括七個新的棺木火化爐,一個可以處理棺木和骸骨兩用的火化爐及一個新的骸骨火化爐。

 

 
PART C (PERMIT CONDITIONS)

 

1.         General Conditions

 

1.1       The Permit Holder and any person working on the Project shall comply with all conditions set out in this Permit. Any non-compliance by any person may constitute a contravention of the Environmental Impact Assessment Ordinance (Cap. 499) and may become the subject of appropriate action being taken under the Ordinance.

 

1.2       The Permit Holder shall ensure full compliance with all legislation from time to time in force including, without limitation to, the Noise Control Ordinance (Cap. 400), Air Pollution Control Ordinance (Cap. 311), Water Pollution Control Ordinance (Cap. 358), Dumping at Sea Ordinance (Cap. 466) and Waste Disposal Ordinance (Cap. 354). This Permit does not of itself constitute any ground of defence against any proceedings instituted under any legislation or imply any approval under any legislation.

 

1.3       The Permit Holder shall make copies of this Permit together with all documents referred to in this Permit or the documents referred to in Part A of the Permit readily available at all times for inspection by the Director or his authorised officers at all sites/offices covered by this Permit. Any reference to the Permit shall include all documents referred to in the Permit and also the relevant documents in the Register.

 

1.4       The Permit Holder shall give a copy of this Permit to the person(s) in charge of the site(s) and ensure that such person(s) fully understands all conditions and all requirements incorporated by the Permit. The site(s) refers to site(s) of construction and operation of the Project and shall mean the same hereafter.

 

1.5       The Permit Holder shall display conspicuously a copy of this Permit on the construction site(s) at all vehicular site entrances/exists or at a convenient location for public’s information at all times.  The Permit Holder shall ensure that the most updated information about the Permit, including any amended permit, is displayed at such location.  If the Permit Holder surrenders a part or the whole of the Permit, the notice he sends to the Director shall also be displayed at the same location as the original Permit.  The suspended, varied or cancelled Permit shall be removed from display at the construction site(s).

 

1.6       The Permit Holder shall construct and operate the Project in accordance with the project descriptions in Part B of this Permit.

 

1.7       The Permit Holder shall ensure that the Project is designed, constructed and operated in accordance with the information and all recommendations described in the EIA Report (Register No. AEIAR-119/2008); the application documents including all attachments (Application No. AEP-329/2009); other relevant documents in the Register; and the information or mitigation measures described in this Permit, mitigation measures to be recommended in submissions that shall be deposited with or approved by the Director as a result of permit conditions contained in this Permit, and mitigation measures to be recommended under ongoing surveillance and monitoring activities during all stages of the Project. Where recommendations referred to in the documents of the Register are not expressly referred to in this Permit, such recommendations are nevertheless to be implemented unless expressly excluded or impliedly amended in this Permit.

 

1.8       All deposited submissions, as required under this Permit, shall be rectified in accordance with the comments, if any made by the Director within one month of the receipt of the Director’s comments or otherwise specified by the Director.

 

1.9       All submissions approved by the Director, all submissions deposited without comments by the Director, or all submissions rectified in accordance with comments by the Director under this Permit shall be construed as part of the permit conditions described in Part C of this Permit.  Any variations of the submissions shall be approved by the Director in writing or as prescribed in the relevant permit conditions. Any non-compliance with the submissions may constitute a contravention of the EIA Ordinance (Cap. 499). All submissions or any variation of the submissions shall be certified by the Environmental Team (ET) Leader and verified by the Independent Environmental Checker (IEC) referred to in Conditions 2.1 and 2.2 below, before submitting to the Director under the Permit.

 

1.10     The Permit Holder shall release all finalized submissions, as required under this Permit, to the public by depositing copies in the EIA Ordinance Register Office, or in any other places, or any internet websites as specified by the Director, or by any other means as specified by the Director for public inspection.  For this purpose, the Permit Holder shall provide sufficient copies of the submissions.

 

1.11     All submissions to the Director required under this Permit shall be delivered either in person or by registered mail to the EIA Ordinance Register Office (currently at 27/F, Southorn Centre, 130 Hennessy Road, Wanchai, Hong Kong).  Electronic copies of all finalized submissions required under this Permit shall be prepared in Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) (version 4.0 or later) and in Portable Document Format (PDF version 4.0 or later), unless otherwise agreed by the Director and shall be submitted at the same time as the hard copies.

 

1.12     The Permit Holder shall notify the Director in writing the commencement date of construction of the Project no later than one month prior to the commencement of construction of the Project. The Permit Holder shall notify the Director in writing immediately if there is any change of the commencement date of the construction.

 

1.13     For the purpose of this Permit, “commencement of construction” does not include works related to site clearance and preparation, or other works as agreed by the Director.

 

 

2.         Submissions or Measures before Commencement of Construction of the Project

 

        Employment of Environmental and Audit (EM&A) Personnel

 

2.1       An Environmental Team (ET) shall be established by the Permit Holder no later than one month before the commencement of construction of the Project. The ET shall not be in any way an associated body of the Contractor or the Independent Environmental Checker (IEC) for the Project. The ET shall be headed by an ET Leader. The ET Leader shall be a person who has at least 7 years of experience in environmental monitoring and auditing (EM&A) or environmental management. The ET and the ET Leader shall be responsible for the implementation of the EM&A programme in accordance with the EM&A requirements as contained in the EM&A Manual of the Project. The ET Leader shall keep a contemporaneous log-book of each and every instance or circumstance or change of circumstances, which may affect the compliance with the recommendations of the EIA Report (Register No. AEIAR-119/2008) and this Permit.  The ET Leader shall notify the IEC within one working day of the occurrence of any such instance or circumstance or change of circumstances. The ET Leader’s log-book shall be kept readily available for inspection by all persons assisting in supervision of the implementation of the recommendations of the EIA Report (Register No. AEIAR-119/2008) and this Permit or by the Director or his authorized officers. Failure to maintain records in the log-book, failure to discharge the duties of the ET Leader as defined in the EM&A Manual or failure to comply with this Condition would entitle the Director to require the Permit Holder by notice in writing to replace the ET Leader. Failure by the Permit Holder to make replacement, or further failure to keep contemporaneous records in the log-book despite the employment of a new ET Leader may render the Permit liable to suspension, cancellation or variation.

 

2.2       An IEC shall be employed by the Permit Holder no later than one month before commencement of construction of the Project. The IEC shall not be in any way an associated body of the Contractor or the ET for the Project. The IEC shall be a person who has at least 7 years of experience in EM&A or environmental management. The IEC shall be responsible for duties defined in the EM&A Manual, and shall audit the overall EM&A performance, including the implementation of all environmental mitigation measures, submissions required in the EM&A Manual, and any other submissions required under this Permit. In addition, the IEC shall be responsible for verifying the environmental acceptability of permanent and temporary works, relevant design plans and submissions under this Permit. The IEC shall verify the log-book(s) mentioned in Condition 2.1 of this Permit. The IEC shall notify the Director by fax, within one working day of receipt of notification from the ET Leader of each and every occurrence, change of circumstances or non-compliance with the EIA Report (Register No. AEIAR-119/2008) and this Permit, which might affect the monitoring or control of adverse environmental impacts from the Project. In the case where the IEC fails to so notify the Director of the same, fails to discharge the duties of the IEC as defined in the EM&A Manual or fails to comply with this Condition, the Director may require the Permit Holder by notice in writing to replace the IEC. Failure to replace the IEC as directed or further failure to so notify the Director despite employment of a new IEC may render the Permit liable to suspension, cancellation or variation. Notification by the Permit Holder is the same as notification by the IEC for the purpose of this Condition.  

 

Management Organization of Main Construction Companies

 

2.3       The Permit Holder shall, no later than two weeks before the commencement of construction of the Project, inform the Director in writing the management organization of the main construction companies and/or any form of joint ventures associated with the construction of the Project.  The submitted information shall include at least an organization chart, names of responsible persons and their contact details.

 

Submission of Transplantation Proposal for Plant Species of Conservation Interest

 

2.4       To mitigate the ecological impact due to the loss of plant species of conservation interest, the species Aquilaria sinensis and Cibotium barometz affected within the project area shall be transplanted before the commencement of construction of the Project.  The Permit Holder shall, no later than two months before commencement of transplanting works, deposit with the Director three hard copies and one electronic copy of transplantation proposal.  Before submission to the Director, the proposal shall be certified by the ET Leader and verified by the IEC as conforming to the information and recommendations contained in the approved EIA report (Register No. AEIAR-119/2008).  The detailed transplantation proposal shall include the following information:

 

(a)          qualification of the specialist(s) to carry out the transplantation works;

(b)         number, locations and photographs of plants to be transplanted;

(c)          locations of the receptor sites for transplantation;

(d)         methodology and implementation programme; and

(e)          detailed schedule for post-transplantation maintenance and monitoring of plants.

 

The transplantation of plants shall be implemented according to the transplantation proposal.

 

            Submission of Landscape Plan including Tree Preservation Proposal

 

2.5       The Permit Holder shall, at least three months before the commencement of construction of the Project, submit four hardcopies and one electronic copy of landscape plan (including the tree preservation proposal) to the Director for approval.  The landscape plan shall show the locations, size, number and species of planting, design details, implementation programme, maintenance and management schedules, and drawings in the scale of 1:1000 or other appropriate scale showing the landscape and visual mitigation measures of the Project, in particular the landscape and compensatory planting and architectural and chromatic treatment of the crematorium building. Before submission to the Director, the landscape plan shall be certified by the ET Leader and verified by the IEC as conforming to the information and recommendations contained in the approved EIA report (Register No. AEIAR-119/2008).

 

 

3.         Submissions or Measures during Construction of the Project

 

Submission of Contamination Assessment Plan, Contamination Assessment Report and Remedial Action Plan

 

3.1       Supplementary land contamination assessment (SCA) for the locations described in Table 1 and shown in Figures 2 and 3 of this Permit shall be carried out to determine the nature and extent of contamination after the decommissioning of the existing coffin crematorium and skeletal cremator.

 

3.2       The Permit Holder shall submit to the Director for approval three hardcopies and one electronic copy of Contamination Assessment Plan (CAP), at least two months before the commencement of land contamination investigation.  The CAP shall include proposal with details of representative sampling and analysis required to determine the nature and extent of contamination. Based on the approved CAP, the Permit Holder shall conduct a contamination assessment and submit to the Director for approval three hardcopies and one electronic copy of Contamination Assessment Report (CAR) to document the findings, no later than one month after the completion of the land contamination investigation.  If land contamination is confirmed, the Permit Holder shall also submit to the Director for approval three hardcopies and one electronic copy of Remedial Action Plan (RAP) to formulate necessary remedial measures.  Before submission to the Director, the CAP, CAR and RAP shall be certified by the ET Leader and verified by the IEC as conforming to the information and recommendations contained in the approved EIA report (Register No. AEIAR-119/2008).


            Measures for Land Contamination and Submission of Remediation Works Report

 

3.3       If land contamination is confirmed, all remedial measures described in the RAP approved under Condition 3.2 of this Permit shall be fully implemented.  

 

3.4       If remediation is required, the Permit Holder shall deposit three hardcopies and one electronic copy of remediation works report to the Director, no later than one month after the completion of the remediation works.  The report shall provide details on the remediation works carried out, types and volume of contaminated soil, standards and levels of treatment, and locations of all off-site disposal sites (including record of disposal).  The report shall be certified by the ET Leader and verified by the IEC to demonstrate that Condition 3.3 is fulfilled.

 

Measures to Mitigate Landscape and Visual Impacts

 

3.5       All landscaping and visual mitigation measures shall be implemented for the Project in accordance with the landscape plan (including the tree preservation proposal) approved under Condition 2.5 of this Permit.  At least one month before the Project commences operation, four hard copies and one electronic copy of detailed landscape as-built drawing(s) with an explanatory statement showing the final locations, size, number and species of planting to demonstrate compliance with the approved submissions under Condition 2.5 of this Permit shall be deposited with the Director.  This as-built submission shall be certified by the ET Leader and verified by the IEC to demonstrate that Condition 2.5 is fulfilled.

 

Measures to Avoid and Minimize Environmental Nuisances from Site Vehicles

 

3.6       The Permit Holder shall ensure that requirements will be set out in the contract documents that Route 2 and Route 5 as shown in Figures 4 and 5 of this Permit shall not be used as transportation routes to and from the site(s) during the construction period of the Project with a view to avoiding and minimizing environmental nuisances to nearby sensitive receivers.

 

 

4.         Submissions or Measures during Operation of the Project

 

4.1       No simultaneous operation of the existing and new cremators at any time.

 

4.2       The maximum number of new cremators shall be limited to nine with a total maximum loading of 1,385 kg/hour.

 

4.3       Town gas shall be used as burning fuel for the new cremators.

 

4.4       No cremation shall be carried out during the period from 2:30a.m. to 9:30 a.m.

 

4.5       During the operation period of the Project, the Permit Holder shall ensure that guidelines will be provided to the relatives and drivers of hearses and coaches that Route 2 and Route 5 as shown in Figures 4 and 5 of this Permit shall not be used as transportation routes to and from the project site with a view to avoiding and minimizing environmental nuisances to nearby sensitive receivers.

 

           

5.         Environmental Monitoring and Audit (EM&A) Requirements for the Construction and Operation of the Project

 

5.1       The EM&A programme shall be implemented in accordance with the procedures and requirements in the EM&A Manual.  Any changes to the monitoring and audit requirements shall be justified by the ET leader and verified by the IEC as conforming to the requirements set out in the EM&A Manual, and shall seek the prior approval from the Director before implementation.

        

5.2       Samples, measurements and necessary remedial actions shall be taken in accordance with the requirements of the EM&A Manual by:

(a)          conducting baseline environmental monitoring;

(b)         conducting impact monitoring;

(c)          carrying out remedial actions described in the Event/Action Plans of the EM&A Manual in accordance with the time frame set out in the Event/Action Plans, or as agreed by the Director, in case where specified criteria in the EM&A Manual are exceeded;

(d)         logging and keeping records of the details of (a) to (c) above for all parameters within 3 working days of the collection of data or completion of remedial action(s), for the purpose of preparing and submitting the monthly EM&A Reports and to make available the information for inspection on site.

 

 5.3      Three hard copies and one electronic copy of the Baseline Monitoring Report shall be submitted to the Director at least 2 weeks before the commencement of construction of the Project.  The submission shall be certified by the ET Leader and verified by the IEC.  Additional copies of the submission shall be made available to the Director upon his request.

 

5.4       Three hard copies and one electronic copy of monthly EM&A Report shall be submitted to the Director within 2 weeks after the end of the reporting month.  The EM&A Reports shall include a summary of all non-compliance (exceedances) of the environmental quality performance limits (Action and Limit Levels).  The submissions shall be certified by the ET Leader and verified by the IEC.  Additional copies of the submission shall be provided to the Director upon request by the Director.

 

5.5       All EM&A data submitted under this Permit shall be true, valid and correct.

 

 

6.         Electronic Reporting of EM&A Information

 

6.1       To facilitate public inspection of the Baseline Monitoring Report and monthly EM&A Reports via the EIAO Internet Website and at the EIAO Register Office, electronic copies of these Reports shall be prepared in Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) (version 4.0 or later) and in Portable Document Format (PDF version 4.0 or later), unless otherwise agreed by the Director and shall be submitted at the same time as the hard copies as described in Condition 5 above of this Permit.  For the HTML version, a content page capable of providing hyperlink to each section and sub-section of these Reports shall be included in the beginning of the document. Hyperlinks to all figures, drawings and tables in these Reports shall be provided in the main text from where the respective references are made.  All graphics in these Reports shall be in interlaced GIF format unless otherwise agreed by the Director.  The content of the electronic copies of these Reports must be the same as the hard copies.

 

6.2       The Permit Holder shall, within six weeks after the commencement of construction of the Project, set up a dedicated Internet web site and notify the Director in writing the Internet address where the environmental monitoring data and project information is to be placed.  All environmental monitoring data described in Condition 6.1 above shall be made available to the public via the abovementioned dedicated Internet web site in the shortest possible time and in any event no later than 2 weeks after the relevant environmental monitoring data are collected or become available, unless otherwise agreed with the Director. 

 

6.3       The Internet web site as described in Condition 6.2 above shall enable user-friendly public access to the environmental monitoring data and project information including the Project Profile and this Environmental Permit.  The Internet web site shall have features capable of:

 

(a)    providing access to all environmental monitoring data of this Project collected since the commencement of construction;

(b)   providing access to all finalized submissions as required under this Permit;

(c)    searching by date;

(d)   searching by types of monitoring data (water quality, ecology, noise and air quality); and

(e)    hyperlinking to relevant monitoring data after searching;

 

         or otherwise as agreed by the Director.


Table 1

List of locations for supplementary land contamination assessment (extracted from Table 5-3 of the EIA Report (Register No. AEIAR-119/2008) and to be read in conjunction with Condition 3.1 and Figures 2 and 3 of this Permit 

Location

Parameters to be analysed for soils

Existing Coffin Crematorium

Underground fuel tank (underneath the tank) (shown in Figure 2 of this Permit)

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH)

Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH)

Dangerous goods stores (shown in Figure 2 of this Permit)

TPH

PAH

Daily tank room, fuel pump room and sunken fuel pipe (shown in Figure 2 of this Permit)

 

TPH

PAH

Cremators (residual inside the cremator, flue and chimneys)

PAH

Dioxins

Metals (Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Mo, Cd, Sn, Ba, Hg, Pb)

Transformer room (shown in Figure 2 of this Permit)

Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB)

Skeletal Cremator Building

Underground fuel tank (underneath the tank) (shown in Figure 3 of this Permit)

TPH

PAH

Dangerous goods store (shown in Figure 3 of this Permit)

TPH

PAH

Cremator (residual inside the cremator, flue and chimneys)

PAH

Dioxins

Metals (Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Mo, Cd, Sn, Ba, Hg, Pb)

 

 


Notes :

 

1.   This Permit consists of three parts, namely, PART A (Main Permit), PART B (Descriptions of Designated Project) and PART C (Permit Conditions).  Any person relying on this Permit should obtain independent legal advice on the legal implications under the EIAO, and the following notes are for general information only.

 

2.   If there is a breach of any condition of this Permit, the Director or his authorized officer may, with the consent of the Secretary for the Environment, order the cessation of associated work until the remedial action is taken in respect of the resultant environmental damage, and in that case the Permit Holder shall not carry out any associated works without the permission of the Director or his authorized officer.

 

3.   The Permit Holder may apply under Section 13 of the EIAO to the Director for a variation of the conditions of this Permit. The Permit Holder shall replace the original permit displayed on the Project site by the amended permit.

 

4.   A person who assumes responsibility for the whole or a part of the Project may, before he assumes responsibility of the Project, apply under Section 12 of the EIAO to the Director for a further environmental permit.

 

5.   Under Section 14 of the EIAO, the Director may with the consent of the Secretary for the Environment, suspend, vary or cancel this Permit. The suspended, varied or cancelled Permit shall be removed from display at the site.

 

6.   If this Permit is cancelled or surrendered during operation of the Project, another environmental permit must be obtained under the EIAO before the Project could be continued. It is an offence under Section 26(1) of the EIAO to construct or operate a designated project listed in Part I of Schedule 2 of the EIAO without a valid environmental permit.

 

7.      Any person who operates the Project contrary to the conditions in the Permit, and is convicted of an offence under the EIAO, is liable: -

 

(i)     on a first conviction on indictment to a fine of $2 million and to imprisonment for 6 months;

(ii)    on a second or subsequent conviction on indictment to a fine of $5 million and to imprisonment for 2 years;

(iii)   on a first summary conviction to a fine at level 6 and to imprisonment for 6 months;

(iv)   on a second or subsequent summary conviction to a fine of $1 million and to imprisonment for 1 year; and

(v)    in any case where the offence is of a continuing nature, the court or magistrate may impose a fine of $10,000 for each day on which he is satisfied the offence continued.

 

8.   The Permit Holder may appeal against any condition of this Permit under Section 17 of the EIAO within 30 days of receipt of this Permit.

 

9.      The Notes are for general reference only and that the Permit Holder should refer to the EIAO for details and seek independent legal advice.

 

Environmental Permit No. EP-329/2009

環境許可證編號EP-329/2009

| Figure 1 | Figure 2 | Figure 3 | Figure 4 | Figure 5


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