APPENDIX G – SPECIS LISTS OF FLORA AND FAUNA

Table G-1 Plant Species Recorded in Forest

(Code for Abundance: A = Abundant; F = Frequent; O = Occasional; S = Scarce; Code for Growth Form: E = Epiphyte; C = Climber; H = Herb; GH = Giant Herb; Sap = sapling; S = Shrub; T = Tree)

Plant species	Status	Growth form	Local Abundance	Remark
Abrus mollis	Restricted	C	O
Acacia concinna (A. sinuata)	Restricted	C	S
Acacia confusa	Common, introduced	T	O
Acronychia pedunculata	Very common	T	F
Adenanthera pavonina var. microsperma	Restricted	T	S
Adiantum flabellulatum	Very common	H	F
Adiantum malesianum	Common	H	O
Aidia pycnantha (Randia cochinchinensis)	Common	T	O
Ailanthus fordii	Rare	T	O	Protected in HK
Alangium chinense	Common	T	O
Alchornea trewioides	Common	S	O
Alpinia hainanensis (A. katsumadai)	Very common	H	O
Ampelopsis cantoniensis	Very common	C	O
Antidesma bunius	Common	T	O
Antidesma paniculatum	Common	S	O
Aporosa dioica	Very common	T	O
Aquilaria sinensis	Common	T	O	Class III National protection
Archidendron clypearia	Common	T	O
Archidendron lucidum (Pithecellobium lucidum, Abarema lucida)	Common	T	O
Ardisia crenata	Common, cultivated only	H	O
Bambusa sp.		T	O
Bischofia javanica	Common	T	O
Blechnum orientale	Very common	H	O
Bowringia callicarpa	Very common	C	O
Breynia fruticosa	Very common	S	O
Bridelia tomentosa	Very common	T	O
Brucea javanica	Common	S	O
Byttneria aspera	Very common	C	F
Caesalpinia crista (C. nuga)	Very common	C	O
Calamus tetradactylus	Common	C	O
Cansjera rheedii	Restricted	S	O
Canthium dicoccum	Common	T	O
Capparis cantoniensis	Common	C	S
Casuarina equisetifolia	Common, introduced	T	O
Cayratia corniculata (Columella corniculata)	Very common	C	O
Celastrus hindsii	Very common	C	F
Celtis biondii	Restricted	S	S
Celtis tetrandra ssp. sinensis (C. sinensis)	Common	T	O
Celtis timorensis (C. philippinensis)	Restricted	Sap	S
Centotheca lappacea	Common	H	F
Choerospondias axillaris	Common	T	O
Chrysopogon aciculatus	Very common	H	S
Cinnamomum parthenoxylon	Common	T	S
Cissus repens	Restricted	C	O
Cissus repens	Restricted	C	O
Claoxylon indicum	Common	T	O
Clausena lansium	Common, introduced	T	O
Cratoxylum cochinchinense	Very common	T	O
Cryptocarya concinna	Restricted	T	O
Cudrania cochinchinensis ( Maclura cochinchinensis)	Common	S	O
Cyclobalanopsis myrsinifolia	Common	T	O
Cyclosorus parasiticus (Christella parasitica)	Very common	H	O
Dalbergia balansae	Restricted*	T	O
Dalbergia benthamii	Common	C	O
Daphniphyllum calycinum	Common	S	O
Dendrotrophe frutescen	Very common	C	O
Derris alborubra	Common	C	O
Desmos chinensis (D. cochinchinensis)	Common	S	O
Dicranopteris pedata (D. dichotoma, D. linearis)	Very common	H	O
Dimocarpus longan	Common, introduced, naturalised	T	O
Dioscorea benthamii	Common	C	O
Dioscorea fordii (D. batatas)	Common	C	O
Diospyros eriantha	Very common	T	O
Elaeagnus loureiri	Restricted	S	O
Elephantopus scaber	Common	H	O
Eleutherococcus trifoliatus (Acanthopanax trifoliatus)	Restricted	C	O
Embelia ribes	Common	C	O
Erycibe obtusifolia	Restricted	C	S
Ficus hispida	Very common	T	O
Ficus nervosa	Restricted	T	O
Ficus variegata var. chlorocarpa	Common	T	O
Ficus variolosa	Very common	S	O
Fissistigma uonicum	Restricted	C	O
Fraxinus griffithii	Restricted	T	O
Garcinia oblongifolia	Very common	T	O
Glochidion eriocarpum	Very common	S	F
Glochidion hirsutum	Common	T	O
Gmelina chinensis	Common	T	O	Protected in Guangdong
Gnetum luofuense (G. montanum)	Very common	C	F
Gordonia axillaris	Very common	T	O
Gynura divaricata	Very common	H	O
Hedyotis hedyotidea	Very common	C	O
Helicteres angustifolia	Very common	H	O
Hibiscus tiliaceus	Very common	T	O
Ilex asprella	Very common	S	F
Lantana camara	Very common, exotics from America	S	O
Liriope spicata	Very common	H	F
Litchi chinensis	Common, introduced	T	O
Lithocarpus glaber	Common	T	O
Litsea glutinosa	Very common	T	F
Litsea rotundifolia var. oblongifolia	Very common	S	F
Loeseneriella concinna (L. obtusifolia, Hippocratea obtusifolia)	Common	C	O
Lophatherum gracile	Very common	H	F
Lygodium flexuosum	Very common	C	F
Machilus chekiangensis	Very common	T	F
Machilus velutina	Common	T	O
Maesa perlarius	Common	S	O
Malaisia scandens	Rare	C	O
Mallotus paniculatus	Very common	T	F
Mallotus philippensis	Restricted	T	S
Melodinus suaveolens	Common	C	F
Memecylon ligustrifolium	Common	S	O
Merremia umbellata	Common	C	O
Microcos paniculata	Common	T	F
Microstegium ciliatum	Very common	H	O
Mikania micrantha	Very common, exotics from America	C	O
Millettia nitida	Very common	C	O
Millettia speciosa	Common	C	O
Miscanthus sinensis	Very common	H	S
Murraya exotica	Common, introduced	S	S
Musa balbisiana	Common	GH	O
Mussaenda pubescens	Very common	C	O
Oroxylum indicum	Restricted	T	O
Osmunda vachellii	Common	H	O
Ottochloa nodosa var. micrantha (O. malabarica)	Very common	H	F
Oxalis corniculata	Very common	H	S
Oxyceros sinensis (Randia sinensis)	Common	S	O
Pandanus tectorius	Very common	T	O
Pericampylus glaucus	Restricted	C	O
Photinia benthamiana	Common	T	O
Phyllanthus cochinchinensis	Very common	S	F
Phyllanthus emblica	Very common	T	O
Phyllanthus reticulatus	Common	S	O
Phyllodium pulchellum	Very common	H	O
Piper hancei	Very common	C	O
Pothos chinensis	Very common	C	O
Pseudosasa cantori (Arundinaria cantorii)	Common	S	O
Psychotria rubra	Very common	S	O
Psychotria serpens	Very common	C	O
Pteris dispar (P. semipinnata var. dispar)	Common	H	O
Pteris ensiformis	Common	H	O
Pterospermum heterophyllum	Restricted	T	O
Pueraria lobata	Very common	C	O
Pyrrosia lanceolata	Common	E	O
Quisqualis indica	Restricted	C	S
Reevesia thyrsoidea	Common	T	O
Rhapis excelsa	Common	S	S
Rhus succedanea	Common	T	O
Rourea minor	Common	C	O
Sageretia thea	Very common	S	F
Sapium discolor	Very common	T	F
Sapium sebiferum	Common	T	O
Schefflera octophylla	Very common	T	O
Scolopia saeva	Common	T	O
Scutellaria indica	Common	H	O
Senecio scandens	Common	C	O
Severinia buxifolia (Atalantia buxifolia)	Common	S	O
Sida rhombifolia	Common	S	S
Solena amplexicaulis	Very common	C	O
Sterculia lanceolata	Very common	T	F
Strophanthus divaricatus	Common	S	F
Strychnos angustiflora	Common	C	O
Synedrella nodiflora	Very common, exotics from America	H	S
Syzygium jambos	Common	T	O
Syzygium levinei	Common	T	O
Tarenna attenuata	Common	S	O
Tectaria subtriphylla	Common	H	O
Tetracera asiatica	Very common	C	F
Tetradium glabrifolium (Evodia meliifolia)	Common	T	O
Thunbergia grandiflora	Common, introduced, naturalised	C	O
Tinospora sagittata	Restricted	C	S
Tristania conferta	Common, introduced	T	O
Tylophora ovata	Common	C	O
Uncaria hirsuta	Rare	C	O
Urceola micrantha (Parabarium micranthum, Ecdysanthera micrantha)	Rare	C	S
Urceola rosea (Ecdysanthera rosea)	Common	C	O
Urena lobata	Common	S	O
Uvaria calamistrata	Rare	C	S
Uvaria grandiflora	Restricted	C	O
Uvaria microcarpa	Common	C	O
Vitex quinata	Common	T	O
Vitis balanseana	Restricted	C	S
Xenostegia tridentata (Merremia hastata)	Very rare	C	S
Zanthoxylum avicennae	Common	T	O
Zanthoxylum nitidum	Very common	C	O

Table G-2 Plant Species Recorded in Tall Shrubland

(Code for Abundance: A = Abundant; F = Frequent; O = Occasional; S = Scarce; Code for Growth Form: E = Epiphyte; C = Climber; H = Herb; GH = Giant Herb; Sap = sapling; S = Shrub; T = Tree)

Plant species	Status	Growth form	Local Abundance	Remark
Antirhea chinensis	Very common	S	F
Bauhinia glauca	Very common	C	F
Breynia fruticosa	Very common	S	F
Carex cruciata	Very common	H	F
Cassytha filiformis	Very common	C	F
Cheilosoria tenuifolia (Cheilanthes tenuifolia)	Common	H	F
Embelia laeta	Very common	S	F
Eurya nitida (E. japonica)	Very common	S	F
Gahnia tristis	Very common	H	F
Glochidion eriocarpum	Very common	S	F
Ilex asprella	Very common	S	F
Ischaemum barbatum	Very common	H	F
Ischaemum ciliare	Very common	H	F
Liriope spicata	Very common	H	F
Litsea rotundifolia var. oblongifolia	Very common	S	F
Lygodium flexuosum	Very common	C	F
Melastoma sanguineum	Common	S	F
Millettia nitida	Very common	C	F
Miscanthus sinensis	Very common	H	F
Paederia foetida (P. scandens)	Very common	C	F
Phyllanthus cochinchinensis	Very common	S	F
Phyllanthus emblica	Very common	T	F
Pseudosasa cantori (Arundinaria cantorii)	Common	S	F
Psychotria serpens	Very common	C	F
Rhaphiolepis indica	Very common	S	F
Rhodomyrtus tomentosa	Very common	S	F
Scleria levis (S. hebecarpa, S. pubescens)	Common	H	F
Scleria lithosperma	Restricted	H	F
Smilax glabra	Very common	C	F
Stenoloma chusanum (Sphenomeris chinensis)	Very common	H	F
Strophanthus divaricatus	Common	S	F
Tetracera asiatica	Very common	C	F
Alyxia sinensis	Common	C	O
Ampelopsis cantoniensis	Very common	C	O
Antidesma japonicum	Common	S	O
Aporosa dioica	Very common	T	O
Aquilaria sinensis	Common	T	O
Ardisia lindleyana (A. punctata)	Common	S	O
Aster baccharoides	Very common	H	O
Blechnum orientale	Very common	H	O
Bothriochloa glabra	Common	H	O
Bridelia tomentosa	Very common	T	O
Brucea javanica	Common	S	O
Caesalpinia crista (C. nuga)	Very common	C	O
Cansjera rheedii	Restricted	S	O
Casuarina equisetifolia	Common, introduced	T	O
Celastrus hindsii	Very common	C	O
Clematis chinensis	Restricted	C	O
Cratoxylum cochinchinense	Very common	T	O
Cyclobalanopsis glauca	Rare	T	O
Cyclobalanopsis myrsinifolia	Common	T	O
Daphniphyllum calycinum	Common	S	O
Dendrotrophe frutescen	Very common	C	O
Dicranopteris pedata (D. dichotoma, D. linearis)	Very common	H	O
Dimeria ornithopoda	Common	H	O
Diospyros vaccinioides	Very common	S	O
Diploclisia glaucescens	Common	C	O
Diplospora dubia (Tricalysia dubia)	Common	S	O
Embelia ribes	Common	C	O
Emelia sonchifolia	Very common	H	O
Eriachne pallescens	Very common	H	O
Eriocaulon merrillii	Common	H	O
Eriocaulon sexangulare	Very common	H	O
Eulalia quadrinervis	Very common	H	O
Eupatorium catarium (Praxelis clematidea)	Very common	H	O
Eurya chinensis	Very common	S	O
Ficus hirta	Common	S	O
Ficus microcarpa	Common	T	O
Ficus variolosa	Very common	S	O
Fuirena ciliaris	Restricted	H	O
Fuirena umbellata	Common	H	O
Garcinia oblongifolia	Very common	T	O
Glochidion hirsutum	Common	T	O
Gmelina chinensis	Common	T	O	Protected in Guangdong
Gnetum luofuense (G. montanum)	Very common	C	O
Gordonia axillaris	Very common	T	O
Grewia biloba	Common	S	O
Gymnema sylvestre	Very common	C	O
Hedyotis acutangula	Very common	H	O
Helicteres angustifolia	Very common	S	O
Hypserpa nitida	Very common	C	O
Ilex memecylifolia	Common	S	O
Ilex pubescens	Very common	S	O
Itea chinensis	Very common	S	O
Jasminum lanceolaria	Very common	C	O
Lithocarpus glaber	Common	T	O
Litsea glutinosa	Very common	T	O
Lonicera macrantha	Common	C	O
Lophatherum gracile	Very common	H	O
Machilus velutina	Common	T	O
Mallotus paniculatus	Very common	T	O
Mallotus repandus	Common	S	O
Microcos paniculata	Common	T	O
Millettia speciosa	Common	C	O
Nepenthes mirabilis	Common	H	O	Protected in HK
Palhinhaea cernua (Lycopodium cernuum)	Very common	H	O
Pericampylus glaucus	Restricted	C	O
Pinus massoniana	Common	T	O
Psychotria rubra	Very common	S	O
Pteris ensiformis	Common	H	O
Pyrrosia lanceolata	Common	E	O
Rhus hypoleuca	Common	S	O
Rhus succedanea	Common	T	O
Rhynchospora rugosa	Restricted	H	O
Rhynchospora rugosa	Restricted	H	O
Rourea microphylla	Common	C	O
Schefflera octophylla	Very common	T	O
Scolopia saeva	Common	T	O
Sinosideroxylon wightianum (Sideroxylon wightianum)	Common	S	O
Sterculia lanceolata	Very common	T	O
Strychnos angustiflora	Common	C	O
Strychnos umbellata	Common	C	O
Styrax suberifolius	Common	T	O
Syzygium buxifolium	Common	S	O
Tarenna attenuata	Common	S	O
Trema tomentosa (T. orientalis)	Common	S	O
Uvaria microcarpa	Common	C	O
Vitex negundo	Common	S	O
Xyris indica	Restricted	H	O
Zanthoxylum avicennae	Common	T	O
Zanthoxylum nitidum	Very common	C	O
Artocarpus hypargyreus	Common	T	S	Class III National Protection
Berchemia racemosa	Common	S	S
Cleisostoma simondii (C. williamsonii, C. teres, Sarcanthus teretifolius)	Very common	E	S	Protected in HK
Mallotus apelta	Common	S	S
Ormosia semicastrata	Restricted	T	S
Youngia japonica (Crepis japonica )	Very common	H	S

Table G-3 Plant Species Recorded in Shrubland and Grassland Mixture

(Code for Abundance: A = Abundant; F = Frequent; O = Occasional; S = Scarce; Code for Growth Form: E = Epiphyte; C = Climber; H = Herb; GH = Giant Herb; Sap = sapling; S = Shrub; T = Tree)

Plant species	Status	Growth form	Local Abundance
Dicranopteris pedata (D. dichotoma, D. linearis)	Very common	H	A
Eulalia quadrinervis	Very common	H	A
Ischaemum barbatum	Very common	H	A
Arundinella setosa	Very common	H	F
Aster baccharoides	Very common	H	F
Carex cruciata	Very common	H	F
Cymbopogon caesius	Very common	H	F
Cymbopogon hamatulus	Very common	H	F
Embelia laeta	Very common	S	F
Eriachne pallescens	Very common	H	F
Eurya nitida (E. japonica)	Very common	S	F
Helicteres angustifolia	Very common	S	F
Imperata cylindrica	Very common	H	F
Inula cappa	Common	H	F
Ischaemum ciliare	Very common	H	F
Palhinhaea cernua (Lycopodium cernuum)	Very common	H	F
Rhodomyrtus tomentosa	Very common	S	A
Scleria levis (S. hebecarpa, S. pubescens)	Common	H	F
Solidago virgo-aurea	Common	H	F
Alpinia galangas	Restricted	H	O
Alyxia sinensis	Common	C	O
Anisopappus chinensis	Common	H	O
Blechnum orientale	Very common	H	O
Bothriochloa glabra	Common	H	O
Cratoxylum cochinchinense	Very common	T	O
Dianella ensifolia	Very common	H	O
Diospyros vaccinioides	Very common	S	O
Eremochloa ciliaris	Very common	H	O
Eriocaulon sexangulare	Very common	H	O
Eurya chinensis	Very common	S	O
Ficus variolosa	Very common	S	O
Fimbristylis dichotoma	Very common	H	O
Fuirena ciliaris	Restricted	H	O
Fuirena umbellata	Common	H	O
Gahnia tristis	Very common	H	O
Hedyotis acutangula	Very common	H	O
Ilex asprella	Very common	S	O
Lepidosperma chinensis	Very common	H	O
Litsea rotundifolia var. oblongifolia	Very common	S	F
Lygodium flexuosum	Very common	C	O
Lygodium scandens	Common	H	O
Millettia nitida	Very common	C	O
Morinda umbellata	Common	C	O
Paederia foetida (P. scandens)	Very common	C	O
Phoenix hanceana	Common	S	O
Phyllanthus cochinchinensis	Very common	S	O
Rhaphiolepis indica	Very common	S	O
Rhus hypoleuca	Common	S	O
Rhynchospora rugosa	Restricted	H	O
Rubus leucanthus	Common	C	O
Rubus reflexus	Very common	C	O
Scleria ciliaris (S. chinensis)	Very common	H	O
Scleria lithosperma	Restricted	H	O
Trema tomentosa (T. orientalis)	Common	S	O
Xyris indica	Restricted	H	O
Mallotus paniculatus	Very common	T	S

Table G-4 Plant Species Recorded in Wetland

(Code for Abundance: A = Abundant; F = Frequent; O = Occasional; S = Scarce; Code for Growth Form: E = Epiphyte; C = Climber; H = Herb; GH = Giant Herb; Sap = sapling; S = Shrub; T = Tree)

Plant species	Conservation status	Growth form	Local abundance
Achyranthes aspera	Common	H	O
Alternanthera sessilis	Common	H	F
Azolla imbricata	Rare	GH	O
Bacopa monnieri	Common	H	A
Berchemia lineata	Restricted	S	S
Centella asiatica	Very common	H	O
Ceratopteris thalictroides	Rare	H	S
Chrysopogon aciculatus	Very common	H	A
Colocasia esculenta	Common, introduced	H	O
Commelina diffusa (C. nudiflora)	Common	H	O
Cynodon dactylon	Very common, exotics from Africa	H	A
Cyperus haspan	Common	H	F
Cyperus malaccensis var. brevifolius	Common	H	O
Cyperus rotundus	Very common	H	A
Eclipta prostrata	Common	H	O
Eichhornia crassipes	Common, exotics from S. America	GH	F
Eleocharis dulcis	Common, introduced & naturalised	H	O
Eleocharis retroflexa ssp. chaetaria (E. chaetaria)	Restricted	H	O
Fimbristylis acuminata	Restricted*	H	O
Fimbristylis miliacea (F. littoralis)	Common	H	F
Fimbristylis schoenoides	Restricted	H	O
Fuirena ciliaris	Restricted	H	F
Fuirena umbellata	Common	H	F
Glochidion hirsutum	Common	T	O
Hydrocotyle wilfordii	Common	H	F
Hygrophila salicifolia (H. lancea)	Common	H	O
Hypericum japonicum	Very common	H	F
Isachne globosa	Very common	H	A
Juncus prismatocarpus	Common	H	O
Kyllinga nemoralis ( K. monocephala)	Very common	H	F
Lemna perpusilla (L. minor)	Common	GH	O
Lindernia antipoda	Common	H	F
Lindernia ciliata	Common	H	O
Ludwigia octovalvis	Common	H	O
Marsilea quadrifolia	Very rare	H	F
Paspalum distichum	Common	H	O
Passiflora foetida	Very common	C	O
Philydrum lanuginosum	Common	H	O
Pistia stratiotes	Common	H	O
Pogostemon auricularius	Common	H	S
Polygonum glabrum	Common	H	O
Pycreus flavidus	Common	H	O
Pycreus polystachyos (Cyperus polystachyos)	Very common	H	F
Pycreus sanguinolentus	Rare	H	O
Rhus succedanea	Common	T	O
Rotala indica	Very common	H	F
Rumex maritimus	Common	H	O
Sacciolepis indica	Very common	H	A
Salvinia natans	Rare	GH	F
Sapium sebiferum	Common	T	O
Spilanthes paniculata (S. acmella)	Common	H	O
Urena lobata	Common	S	O

Table G-5 Plant Species Recorded in Abandoned Farmland

(Code for Abundance: A = Abundant; F = Frequent; O = Occasional; S = Scarce; Code for Growth Form: E = Epiphyte; C = Climber; H = Herb; GH = Giant Herb; Sap = sapling; S = Shrub; T = Tree)

Plant species	Status	Growth form	Local abundance
Achyranthes aspera	Common	H	O
Agave vivipara	Rare, introduced & naturalized	H	S
Alternanthera sessilis	Common	H	F
Amaranthus viridis	Very common	H	O
Asclepias curassavica	Common, introduced & naturalised	H	O
Bacopa monnieri	Common	H	F
Boehmeria nivea	Restricted	S	O
Catharanthus roseus	Common, exotics from Africa	H	S
Centella asiatica	Very common	H	O
Chrysopogon aciculatus	Very common	H	A
Colocasia esculenta	Common, introduced	H	O
Cymbopogon caesius	Very common	H	O
Cynodon dactylon	Very common, exotics from Africa	H	A
Cyperus rotundus	Very common	H	A
Dactyloctenium aegyptium	Common, exotics from Africa	H	O
Desmodium heterocarpon	Very common	H	O
Desmodium triflorum	Very common	H	F
Eclipta prostrata	Common	H	O
Elephantopus scaber	Common	H	O
Eupatorium catarium (Praxelis clematidea)	Very common	H	O
Ficus pumila	Very common	C	O
Fimbristylis acuminata	Rare	H	S
Fimbristylis dichotoma	Very common	H	O
Fimbristylis schoenoides	Restricted	H	O
Hedyotis biflora	Restricted	H	O
Indigofera suffruticosa	Restricted	S	O
Kyllinga nemoralis ( K. monocephala)	Very common	H	O
Lantana camara	Very common, exotics from America	S	F
Lindernia antipoda	Common	H	O
Malvastrun coromendelinum	Common	S	O
Mikania micrantha	Very common, exotics from America	C	O
Mimosa pudica	Very common	H	O
Passiflora foetida	Very common	C	O
Ricinus communis	Restricted, exotics from Africa	S	O
Rotala indica	Very common	H	O
Sapium sebiferum	Common	T	O
Scoparia dulcis	Common, exotics from America	H	O
Senna occidentalis (Cassia occidentalis )	Very common, exotics from S. America	H	O
Senna tora (Cassia tora)	Common, exotic weed of uncertain origin	H	O
Sida cordifolia	Common	H	F
Sida rhombifolia	Common	S	O
Solanum erianthum (S. verbascifolium)	Common, exotics from America	S	O
Spilanthes paniculata (S. acmella)	Common	H	O
Triumfetta rhomboidea	Common	S	O
Urena lobata	Common	S	O
Xanthium strumarium	Common, exotics from America	H	F
Zanthoxylum nitidum	Very common	C	O

Table G-6 Plant Species Recorded in Farmland

(Code for Abundance: A = Abundant; F = Frequent; O = Occasional; S = Scarce; Code for Growth Form: E = Epiphyte; C = Climber; H = Herb; GH = Giant Herb; Sap = sapling; S = Shrub; T = Tree)

Plant species	Status	Growth form	Local abundance
Ananas comosus	Common, introduced	H	F
Brassica chinensis	Common, introduced	H	F
Brassica parachinensis	Common, introduced	H	F
Clausena lansium	Common, introduced	T	F
Cocculus orbiculatus	Common	C	O
Daucus carota var. sativa	Common, introduced	H	F
Dimocarpus longan	Common, introduced, naturalised	T	F
Ipomoea batatas	Common, introduced	C	A
Lactuca sativa	Common, introduced	H	F
Lantana camara	Very common, exotics from America	S	F
Ludwigia adscendens	Common	GH	O
Mikania micrantha	Very common, exotics from America	C	F
Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum	Common, introduced	GH	O
Phyllanthus reticulatus	Common	S	O
Saccharum officinarum	Common, introduced	S	O
Sapium sebiferum	Common	T	O

Table G-7 Plant Species Recorded in Rocky Shore

(Code for Abundance: A = Abundant; F = Frequent; O = Occasional; S = Scarce; Code for Growth Form: E = Epiphyte; C = Climber; H = Herb; GH = Giant Herb; Sap = sapling; S = Shrub; T = Tree)

Plant species	Conservation status	Growth form	Local abundance
Asparagus cochinchinensis	Common	C	O
Berchemia lineata	Restricted	S	O
Berchemia racemosa	Common	S	O
Brucea javanica	Common	S	O
Caesalpinia crista (C. nuga)	Very common	C	O
Canavalia rosea (C. maritima)	Common	C	F
Celastrus hindsii	Very common	C	O
Celtis biondii	Restricted	S	S
Cerbera manghas	Common	T	O
Cladium mariscus (C. jamaicense)	Common	H	O
Clerodendrum inerme	Common	S	F
Cryptolepis sinensis	Common	C	O
Cyperus javanicus (Mariscus albescens, M. javanicus)	Common	H	O
Desmodium heterocarpon	Very common	S	O
Diospyros vaccinioides	Very common	S	O
Eupatorium catarium (Praxelis clematidea)	Very common	H	O
Ficus virens	Common	T	O
Fimbristylis dichotoma	Very common	H	O
Fimbristylis subbispicata	Common	H	F
Glochidion hirsutum	Common	T	O
Grewia biloba	Common	S	O
Gymnema sylvestre	Very common	C	O
Gynura divaricata	Very common	H	O
Heteropogon contortus	Very common	H	F
Ilex asprella	Very common	S	O
Ischaemum barbatum	Very common	H	F
Lantana camara	Very common, exotics from America	S	O
Limonium sinense	Common	H	O
Liriope spicata	Very common	H	F
Litsea glutinosa	Very common	T	O
Litsea rotundifolia var. oblongifolia	Very common	S	F
Mallotus repandus	Common	S	O
Melinis repens (Rhynchelytrum repens)	Very common	H	O
Morinda umbellata	Common	C	O
Opuntia dillenii	Common, exotics from America	S	S
Oxalis corniculata	Very common	H	O
Paliurus ramosissimus	Common	S	O
Pandanus tectorius	Very common	T	O
Pericampylus glaucus	Restricted	C	O
Premna serratifolia	Common	S	O
Pyrrosia lanceolata	Common	E	O
Rhamnus leptophylla	Rare	S	S
Rhaphiolepis indica	Very common	S	O
Sageretia thea	Very common	S	F
Scaevola taccada	Very common	S	O
Scleria ciliaris (S. chinensis)	Very common	H	O
Scleria lithosperma	Restricted	H	F
Setaria pumila (S. glauca)	Very common	H	O
Severinia buxifolia (Atalantia buxifolia)	Common	S	F
Sida cordifolia	Common	H	O
Smilax china	Very common	S	F
Strophanthus divaricatus	Common	S	O
Trachelospermum jasminoides	Restricted	C	S
Tylophora ovata	Common	C	O
Wikstroemia nutans	Common	S	O
Xyris indica	Restricted	H	O

Table G-8 Plant Species Recorded in Sandy Beach

(Code for Abundance: A = Abundant; F = Frequent; O = Occasional; S = Scarce; Code for Growth Form: E = Epiphyte; C = Climber; H = Herb; GH = Giant Herb; Sap = sapling; S = Shrub; T = Tree)

Plant species	Status	Growth form	Local abundance
Abrus precatorius	Common	C	O
Alysicarpus vaginalis	Very common	H	F
Anisomeles indica	Common	H	O
Apluda mutica	Very common	H	O
Caesalpinia bonduc	Restricted	C	F
Canavalia rosea (C. maritima)	Common	C	F
Catharanthus roseus	Common, exotics from Africa	H	S
Clerodendrum inerme	Common	S	O
Crinum asiaticum var. sinicum (C. latifolium)	Restricted	H	O
Crotalaria pallida (C. mucronata)	Common	H	O
Crotalaria retusa	Restricted	H	O
Cuscuta japonica	Common	C	O
Cyperus stoloniferus	Common	H	F
Digitaria heterantha	Common	H	F
Indigofera hirsuta	Common	S	O
Ipomoea pes-caprae (I. brasiliensis)	Common	C	A
Ixeris japonica	Common	H	F
Launaea sarmentosa	Very common	H	F
Melinis repens (Rhynchelytrum repens)	Very common	H	O
Opuntia dillenii	Common, exotics from America	S	S
Panicum brevifolium	Very common	H	F
Paspalum vaginatum	Common	H	F
Ricinus communis	Restricted, exotics from Africa	S	O
Scaevola taccada	Very common	S	O
Senna occidentalis (Cassia occidentalis )	Very common, exotics from S. America	H	O
Sida cordifolia	Common	H	O
Spinifex littoreus	Common	H	O
Stachytarpheta jamaicensis	Common, exotics from America	H	F
Tridax procumbens	Very common, exotics from America	H	F
Urochloa mutica (Brachiaria mutica)	Common	H	O
Vitex rotundifolia	Common	S	A
Wedelia biflora	Common	H	F

Table G-9 Plant Species Recorded in Backshore Shrubland

(Code for Abundance: A = Abundant; F = Frequent; O = Occasional; S = Scarce; Code for Growth Form: E = Epiphyte; C = Climber; H = Herb; GH = Giant Herb; Sap = sapling; S = Shrub; T = Tree)

Plant species	Conservation status	Growth form	Local abundance
Abrus precatorius	Common	C	O
Achyranthes aspera	Common	H	O
Agave vivipara	Rare, introduced & naturalized	H	O
Anisomeles indica	Common	H	O
Asparagus cochinchinensis	Common	C	O
Berchemia lineata	Rare	S	O
Bischofia javanica	Common	T	S
Bridelia tomentosa	Very common	T	O
Caesalpinia bonduc	Restricted	C	A
Canavalia rosea (C. maritima)	Common	C	F
Casuarina equisetifolia	Common, introduced	T	F
Catharanthus roseus	Common, exotics from Africa	H	S
Celtis tetrandra ssp. sinensis (C. sinensis)	Common	T	O
Cerbera manghas	Common	T	O
Clematis chinensis	Restricted	C	O
Clerodendrum inerme	Common	S	O
Cratoxylum cochinchinense	Very common	T	O
Crinum asiaticum L. var. sinicum (C. latifolium)	Restricted	H	O
Crotalaria pallida (C. mucronata)	Common	H	O
Cynodon dactylon	Very common, exotics from Africa	H	F
Eleusine indica	Very common, exotics from Africa	H	O
Eleutherococcus trifoliatus (Acanthopanax trifoliatus)	Restricted	C	O
Imperata cylindrica	Very common	H	O
Lantana camara	Very common, exotics from America	S	F
Macaranga tanarius	Common	T	O
Malvastrun coromendelinum	Common	S	O
Mikania micrantha	Very common, exotics from America	C	O
Pandanus tectorius	Very common	T	A
Phragmites australis (P. communis)	Very common	H	S
Premna serratifolia	Common	S	O
Pteris ensiformis	Common	H	O
Ricinus communis	Restricted, exotics from Africa	S	O
Sageretia thea	Very common	S	F
Sapium sebiferum	Common	T	O
Scolopia chinensis	Common	T	S
Senna occidentalis (Cassia occidentalis )	Very common, exotics from S. America	H	O
Senna tora (Cassia tora)	Common, exotic weed of uncertain origin	H	O
Severinia buxifolia (Atalantia buxifolia)	Common	S	O
Sida cordifolia	Common	H	F
Sida rhombifolia	Common	S	O
Stephenia longa	Common	C	O
Urena lobata	Common	S	O
Vitex negundo	Common	S	F
Xanthium strumarium	Common, exotics from America	H	F

Table G-10 Plant Species Recorded in Mangrove

(Code for Abundance: A = Abundant; F = Frequent; O = Occasional; S = Scarce; Code for Growth Form: E = Epiphyte; C = Climber; H = Herb; GH = Giant Herb; Sap = sapling; S = Shrub; T = Tree)

Plant species	Status	Growth form	Local abundance
Abrus precatorius	Common	C	O
Acanthus ilicifolius	Common	S	O
Aegiceras corniculatum	Common	S	O
Bruguiera gymnorhiza	Restricted	T	O
Caesalpinia bonduc	Restricted	C	F
Cassytha filiformis	Very common	C	O
Celtis tetrandra ssp. sinensis (C. sinensis)	Common	T	O
Clerodendrum inerme	Common	S	O
Cocculus orbiculatus	Common	C	O
Crinum asiaticum var. sinicum (C. latifolium)	Restricted	H	O
Cryptolepis sinensis	Common	C	F
Cynodon dactylon	Very common, exotics from Africa	H	O
Cyperus malaccensis var. brevifolius	Common	H	O
Dalbergia candenatensis (D. torta)	Restricted	S	O
Eupatorium catarium (Praxelis clematidea)	Very common	H	O
Excoecaria agallocha	Common	T	A
Gymnema sylvestre	Very common	C	O
Hibiscus tiliaceus	Very common	T	O
Kandelia candel	Very common	T	O
Limonium sinense	Common	H	O
Litsea glutinosa	Very common	T	O
Paliurus ramosissimus	Common	S	O
Pandanus tectorius	Very common	T	F
Premna serratifolia	Common	S	O
Scaevola taccada	Very common	S	O
Scolopia chinensis	Common	T	O
Thespesia populnea	Restricted	T	F
Zoysia sinica	Common	H	F

Table G-11 Plant Species Recorded in Brackish Mudflat

(Code for Abundance: A = Abundant; F = Frequent; O = Occasional; S = Scarce; Code for Growth Form: E = Epiphyte; C = Climber; H = Herb; GH = Giant Herb; Sap = sapling; S = Shrub; T = Tree)

Plant species	Status	Growth form	Local abundance
Aegiceras corniculatum	Common	S	O
Clerodendrum inerme	Common	S	O
Cyperus stoloniferus	Common	H	A
Excoecaria agallocha	Common	T	O
Paspalum vaginatum	Common	H	F
Sesuvium portulacastrum	Common	H	F
Thespesia populnea	Restricted	T	O
Zoysia sinica	Common	H	A

Table G-12 Plant Species Recorded in Plantation

(Code for Abundance: A = Abundant; F = Frequent; O = Occasional; S = Scarce; Code for Growth Form: E = Epiphyte; C = Climber; H = Herb; GH = Giant Herb; Sap = sapling; S = Shrub; T = Tree)

Plant species	Status	Growth form	Local abundance
Acacia confusa	Common, introduced	T	F
Alocasia macrorrhiza	Very common	H	O
Ananas comosus	Common, introduced	H	F
Averrhoa carambola	Common, introduced	T	O
Bambusa sp.	Cultivated only	T	O
Bischofia javanica	Common	T	O
Celtis tetrandra ssp. sinensis (C. sinensis)	Common	T	F
Citrus grandis (C. maxima)	Common, introduced	T	O
Clausena lansium	Common, introduced	T	F
Desmodium heterocarpon	Very common	S	O
Dimocarpus longan	Common, introduced, naturalised	T	F
Eupatorium catarium (Praxelis clematidea)	Very common	H	F
Litchi chinensis	Common, introduced	T	F
Macaranga tanarius	Common	T	O
Mangifera indica	Common, introduced	T	O
Melaleuca leucadendron	Common, introduced	T	O
Melia azedarach	Common	T	F
Mimosa pudica	Very common	H	O
Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum	Common, introduced	GH	F
Ottochloa nodosa var. micrantha (O. malabarica)	Very common	H	O
Paederia foetida (P. scandens)	Very common	C	O
Passiflora foetida	Very common	C	O
Plumbago zeylanica	Restricted	H	O
Pothos chinensis	Very common	C	O
Pteris ensiformis	Common	H	O
Pteris multifida	Very common	H	O
Pueraria lobata	Very common	C	O
Sageretia thea	Very common	S	O
Sapium sebiferum	Common	T	O
Zanthoxylum nitidum	Very common	C	O

Table G-13 Plant Species Recorded in Wasteland

(Code for Abundance: A = Abundant; F = Frequent; O = Occasional; S = Scarce; Code for Growth Form: E = Epiphyte; C = Climber; H = Herb; GH = Giant Herb; Sap = sapling; S = Shrub; T = Tree)

Plant species	Status	Growth form	Local abundance
Abrus precatorius	Common	C	O
Acacia confusa	Common, introduced	T	O
Achyranthes aspera	Common	H	O
Alternanthera sessilis	Common	H	O
Artemisia verlotiorum (A. vulgaris)	Restricted	H	O
Canavalia rosea (C. maritima)	Common	C	O
Cardiospermum halicacabum	Restricted, exotics from America	C	O
Cynodon dactylon	Very common, exotics from Africa	H	A
Desmodium triflorum	Very common	H	O
Eleutherococcus trifoliatus (Acanthopanax trifoliatus)	Restricted	C	O
Eragrostis amabilis (E. tenella)	Very common	H	F
Eupatorium catarium (Praxelis clematidea)	Very common	H	F
Ficus hispida	Very common	T	O
Indigofera suffruticosa	Restricted	S	O
Ipomoea cairica	Very common	C	F
Ipomoea mauritiana (I. digitata)	Restricted	C	S
Lantana camara	Very common, exotics from America	S	F
Litsea glutinosa	Very common	T	F
Macaranga tanarius	Common	T	O
Mallotus paniculatus	Very common	T	S
Malvastrun coromendelinum	Common	S	F
Mikania micrantha	Very common, exotics from America	C	F
Mimosa pudica	Very common	H	O
Mirabilis jalapa	Common, introduced	S	O
Miscanthus floridulus	Common	H	O
Neyraudia arundinacea (N. reynaudiana)	Very common	H	F
Paederia foetida (P. scandens)	Very common	C	O
Sageretia thea	Very common	S	F
Sida cordifolia	Common	H	F
Sida rhombifolia	Common	S	O
Stachytarpheta jamaicensis	Common, exotics from America	H	F
Triumfetta rhomboidea	Common	S	O

Table G-14 Plant Species Recorded in Buildup Area

(Code for Abundance: A = Abundant; F = Frequent; O = Occasional; S = Scarce; Code for Growth Form: E = Epiphyte; C = Climber; H = Herb; GH = Giant Herb; Sap = sapling; S = Shrub; T = Tree)

Plant species	Status	Growth form	Local abundance
Abutilon indicum	Restricted	S	O
Acacia confusa	Common, introduced	T	F
Achyranthes aspera	Common	H	O
Alocasia macrorrhiza	Very common	H	F
Amaranthus viridis	Very common	H	O
Anisomeles indica	Common	H	O
Annona squamosa	Common, introduced	S	O
Bauhinia purpurea	Common, introduced	T	O
Bidens pilosa	Very common, exotics from America	H	F
Bothriochloa glabra	Common	H	O
Bougainvillea glabra	Common, introduced	S	O
Bridelia tomentosa	Very common	T	O
Carica papaya	Common, introduced	T	O
Celtis tetrandra ssp. sinensis (C. sinensis)	Common	T	O
Cissus repens	Restricted	C	O
Citrus madurensis	Common, introduced	S	O
Clausena lansium	Common, introduced	T	O
Cocos nucifera	Restricted, introduced	T	S
Delonix regia	Common, introduced	T	O
Eupatorium catarium (Praxelis clematidea)	Very common	H	F
Ficus hispida	Very common	T	O
Ficus microcarpa	Common	T	O
Ficus virens	Common	T	S
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis	Common, introduced	S	O
Hylocereus undatus	Common, introduced	C	O
Ipomoea cairica	Very common	C	F
Kyllinga nemoralis ( K. monocephala)	Very common	H	F
Lantana camara	Very common, exotics from America	S	F
Macaranga tanarius	Common	T	O
Mallotus paniculatus	Very common	T	O
Melaleuca leucadendron	Common, introduced	T	O
Melia azedarach	Common, introduced & naturalised	T	O
Michelia alba	Common, introduced	T	O
Mikania micrantha	Very common, exotics from America	C	F
Mirabilis jalapa	Common, introduced	S	O
Miscanthus floridulus	Common	H	O
Murraya exotica	Common, introduced	S	O
Nerium indicum	Common, introduced	S	O
Neyraudia arundinacea (N. reynaudiana)	Very common	H	F
Pandanus tectorius	Very common	T	S
Passiflora foetida	Very common	C	O
Phyllanthus reticulatus	Common	S	O
Psidium guajava	Common, introduced & naturalised	T	O
Pueraria lobata	Very common	C	O
Ricinus communis	Restricted, exotics from Africa	S	O
Senna tora (Cassia tora)	Common, exotic weed of uncertain origin	H	O
Sida rhombifolia	Common	S	F
Solanum erianthum (S. verbascifolium)	Common, exotics from America	S	O
Stachytarpheta jamaicensis	Common, exotics from America	H	F
Thevetia peruviana	Common, introduced	S	O

Table G-15 List of Mammal Recorded within the Study Area

Scientific Name	Location/ Habitat	Abundance	Local Status
Species recorded
Unidentified bat	Near brackish mudflat	2	All bats are protected
Japanese Pipistrelle Pipistrellus abramus	Wasteland near Ham Tin	1	All bats are protected
Species likely to be present
Masked Palm Civet Paguma larvata
Barking Deer Muntiacus reevesi
Wild Boar Sus scrofa

Table G-16 Results of Point Count (Bird) within the Study Area

Scientific Name	Common Name	Habitat*	Abundance
			October	November	December
Crested Myna	Acridotheres cristatellus	Wet			17
Common Sandpiper	Actitis hypoleucos	M, BM, RS		1	1
Common Kingfisher	Alcedo atthis	M, BM	1		1
White-breasted Waterhen	Amaurornis phoenicurus	Wet	1	4	1
Olive-backed Pipit	Anthus hodgsoni	SG, F		3
Chinese Pond Heron	Ardeola bacchus	Wet	2	1	3
Cattle Egret	Bubulcus ibis	Wet	3
Oriental Magpie Robin	Copsychus saularis	M, BM, F, SG	3	2	1
Large-billed Crow	Corvus macrorhynchus	F	1
Little Egret	Egretta garzetta	Wet	1	2	1
Intermediate Egret	Egretta intermedia	Wet	1	1
Masked Laughingthrush	Garrulax perspicillatus	F	3
Black-capped Kingfisher	Halcyon pileata	S		1
White-throated Kingfisher	Halcyon smyrnensis	M, BM, F		1	1
Long-tailed Shrike	Lanius schach	TS		1
Black Kite	Milvus lineatus	TS		5
Blue Rock Thrush	Monticola solitarius	RS		1
White Wagtail	Motacilla alba	Wet, S, SG	2	1	6
Blue Whistling Thrush	Myophonus caeruleus	F		1
Common Tailorbird	Orthotomus sutorius	M, BM, F, SG, TS	5	2	4
Great Tit	Parus major	F	1	1
Daurian Redstart	Phoenicurus auroreus	M, BM		1
Yellow-browed Warbler	Phylloscopus inornatus	F		1
Common Magpie	Pica pica	Wet, F	4	5	6
Red-whiskered Bulbul	Pycnonotus jocosus	M, BM, S, F, SG, TS	7	18	4
Chinese Bulbul	Pycnonotus sinensis	M, BM, F, SG, TS	8	12	4
Spotted Dove	Streptopelia chinensis	Wet, F	3	2	2
Common Blackbird	Turdus merula	F		8
Japanese White-eye	Zosterops japonicus	M, BM, F		20	7

*Habitat type - Wet=Wetland, M=Mangrove, BM=Brackish mudflat, S=Stream, F=Forest, SG=Shrubland & grassland mixture, TS= Tall shrubland, RS=Rocky shore.

Table G-17 List of Bird Recorded within the Study Area

Common Name	Scientific Name	Habitat*	Status**
Crested Myna	Acridotheres cristatellus	Wet, TS, SG	R /WC
Common Sandpiper	Actitis hypoleucos	M, BM, RS	W /WC
Common Kingfisher	Alcedo atthis	Wet, M, BM, S	PM, W, R /WC
White-breasted Waterhen	Amaurornis phoenicurus	Wet, M	R /WC
Olive-backed Pipit	Anthus hodgsoni	Wet, F, SG	W /WC
Richard’s Pipit	Anthus richardi	Wet	W, R /WC
Grey Heron	Ardea cinerea	BM	W /LC
Chinese Pond Heron	Ardeola bacchus	Wet, BM, S	R /WC
Cattle Egret	Bubulcus ibis	Wet	Su /WC
Greater Coucal #	Centropus sinensis	Wet, F, TS, SG	R /WC
Little Ringed Plover	Charadrius dubius	BM	W, R /LC
Oriental Magpie Robin	Copsychus saularis	M, BM, F, TS, SG	R /WC
Large-billed Crow	Corvus macrorhynchus	F	R /WC
Great Egret	Egretta alba	Wet	R /LC
Little Egret	Egretta garzetta	Wet, BM, S	R /WC
Intermediate Egret	Egretta intermedia	Wet	PM, W /LR
Pacific Reef Egret #	Egretta sacra	SS	R /LC
Verditer Flycatcher	Eumyias thalassina	F	W /LR
Masked Laughingthrush	Garrulax perspicillatus	F, TS	R /WC
Black-capped Kingfisher	Halcyon pileata	Wet, M, BM, S	PM, W /LC
White-throated Kingfisher	Halcyon smyrnensis	M, BM, F	PM, W, R /WC
Long-tailed Shrike	Lanius schach	Wet	R /WC
Black Kite #	Milvus lineatus	Fly-over	W, R /WC
Blue Rock Thrush	Monticola solitarius	RS	R /LC
White Wagtail	Motacilla alba	Wet, S, SG	W, R /WC
Asian Brown Flycatcher	Muscicapa dauurica	F	M, W/ LC
Common Tailorbird	Orthotomus sutorius	M, F, TS, SG	R /WC
Great Tit	Parus major	F	R /WC
Eurasian Tree Sparrow	Passer montanus	SG	R /WC
Daurian Redstart	Phoenicurus auroreus	M, F, TS, SG	W/ LC
Arctic Warbler	Phylloscopus borealis	F	PM /LC
Dusky Warbler	Phylloscopus fuscatus	TS	W /LC
Yellow-browed Warbler	Phylloscopus inornatus	F, TS	W /WC
Common Magpie	Pica pica	Wet, M, SS, S, F, SG	R /WC
Great Crested Grebe #	Podiceps cristatus	Coastal water	W/ LR
Yellow-bellied Prinia	Prinia flaviventris	TS, SG	R /WC
Red-whiskered Bulbul	Pycnonotus jocosus	M, F, TS, SG	R /WC
Chinese Bulbul	Pycnonotus sinensis	M, F, TS, SG	R /WC
Siberian Stonechat	Saxicola maura	Wet	W/ LC
Spotted Dove	Streptopelia chinensis	Wet, M, F, TS, SG	W /WC
Black-collared Starling	Sturnus nigricollis	Wet, F, SG	R /WC
Red-billed Starling #	Sturnus sericeus	Wet	W /LC
Green Sandpiper	Tringa ochropus	Fly-over	W /LC
Common Blackbird	Turdus merula	F	M /LC
Japanese White-eye	Zosterops japonicus	M, F	R /WC

*Habitat type - Wet=Wetland, M=Mangrove, BM=Brackish mudflat, S=Stream, F=Forest, SG=Shrubland & grassland mixture, TS= Tall shrubland, RS=Rocky shore, SS=Sandy shore.

**Status - R=Resident, W=Winter visitor, Su=Summer visitor, PM=Passage migrant/ WC=Widespread and common, LC=Local but not uncommon, LR=Very local or rare.

# Species of ecological interest

Table G-18 List of Herpetofauna (Amphibian and Reptile) Recorded within the Study Area

Scientific Name	Location/ Habitat	Abundance	Local Status
Amphibian
Günther’s Frog Rana guentheri	Pui O Marsh and Taro Bed	Occasional	Common
Paddy Frog Rana limnocharis	Stream S1 (middle course), Pui O Marsh and wetland	Frequent	Common
Three-striped Grass Frog Rana macrodactyla	Pui O Marsh and wetland	Abundant	Common on Lantau but localised elsewhere in Hong Kong
Chinese Bullfrog Rana rugulosa	Pui O Taro Bed and wasteland beside football pitch at Pui O	Scarce	Uncommon, Class 2 protected wildlife of national importance in China (Hua and En, 1993)
Reptile
Changeable Lizard Calotes versicolor	Wasteland near Ham Tin	Scarce	Common
Long-tailed Skink Mabuya longicaudata	Wasteland near football pitch at Pui O	Scarce	Common
Common Rat Snake Ptyas mucosus	Tall shrubland near Shap Long Kau Tsuen	Scarce	Common but listed as endangered in CRDBAR*
Checkered Keelback Xenochrophis piscator	Wetland beside football pitch at Pui O	Scarce	Common
Red-eared Slider Trachemys scripta elegans	Stream S1 (middle course)	Scarce	Common, exotic species

* CRDBAR = China Red Data Book of Endangered Animals – Amphibia and Reptilia (Zhao, 1998).

Table G-19 Butterfly Species of Conservation Interest Recorded Previously within the Study Area

Common name	Commonness in Hong Kong*	Habitats**	Global distribution***	Food plants**
Banana Skipper Erionota torus	Uncommon	Banana grove	East to Southeast China	Musaceae, e.g. Musa paradisiaca
Bush Hopper Ampittia dioscorides	Uncommon	Woodland, cultivated lands	East China to Southeast Asia	Gramineae, e.g. Oryza sativa
Quaker Neopithecops zalmora	Uncommon	Lowland woodland	East China to Southeast Asia	Rutaceae, e.g. Glycosmis citrifolia
Hong Kong Lacewing Cethosia biblis	Uncommon	Lowland areas	East China to Southeast Asia	Passifloraceae, e.g. Passiflora cochinchinensis

* Walthew (1997)

** Wu (1988)

*** (Chou 1996)

Table G-20 List of Butterfly Recorded within the Study Area

Species	Common name	Status*	Habitat**	Abundance
				October	November
Ariadne ariadne	Angled Castor	C	F, Wet, Wa, AF	12	5
Artogeia canidia	Common White	VC	F, Wet, Wa, AF	14	9
Charaxes polyxena	Tawny Rajah	C	Wet, Wa, AF	1
Chilades lajus	Lime Blue	VC	F, Wet, Wa, AF	7	2
Cupha erymanthis	Rustic	VC	F, S	3	2
Danaus genutia	Dark Veined Tiger	VC	F, Wet, Wa, AF	13	5
Danaus limniace	Blue Tiger	C	F	1
Danaus similis	Blue Glassy Tiger	VC	Wa, S	3
Delias pasithoe	Common Black Jezebel	C	F		4
Euploea midamus	Blue Spotted Crow	VC	F, S	4	1
Eurema hecabe	Common Grass Yellow	VC	F, Wet, Wa, AF, S	12	5
Faunis eumeus	Common Faun	C	F		4
Graphium agamemnon	Tailed Green Jay	VC	F, Wet, Wa, AF	3	3
Graphium sarpedon	Common Bluebottle	VC	Wet, Wa, AF	1	1
Hebomoia glaucippe	Great Orange Tip	C	F, Wet, Wa, AF	5	2
Heliophorus epicles	Purple Sapphire	UC	F		1
Hypolimnas bolina	Great Eggfly	C	F, Wet, Wa, AF, S	1	3
Ixias pyrene	Yellow Orange Tip	UC	F	1
Junonia almana	Peacock Pansy	C	F, Wet, Wa, AF	4	2
Junonia hierta	Yellow Pansy	UC	F	1
Junonia lemonias	Lemon Pansy	UC	F	1
Junonia orithya	Blue Pansy	UC	F	1
Kaniska canace	Blue Admiral	C	Wa		1
Lethe confusa	Common White-banded Brown	C	F		2
Limenitis sulpitia	Five-dot Sergeant	C	F	2	2
Melanitis leda	Common Brown Evening	C	F	1
Mycalesis mineus	Dark Brand Bush	VC	F		1
Papilio demoleus	Lime Butterfly	C	F		2
Papilio helenus	Red Helen	VC	F, Wa	3	2
Papilio memnon	Great Mormon	VC	F, Wa	4	2
Papilio polytes	Common Mormon	VC	F, Wet, Wa, AF	16	7
Papilio protenor	Dark Mormon	C	F	1	1
Phaedyma columella	Short-banded Sailor	C	Wa, S	2	2
Zemeros flegyas	Punchinello	C	F		1

*Status - VC=Very common, C=Common, UC=Uncommon

**Habitat type - Wet=Wetland, S=Stream, F=Forest, AF=Abandoned Farmland, Wa=Wasteland.

Table G-21 List of Odonates Recorded within the Study Area

Species	Status	Habitat	Abundance
			October	November
Acisoma panorpoides	FC /W	Wet, Wa	3
Agriocnemis femina	A /W	Wet, Wa	7	2
Anax parthenope	C /W	Wa	2
Brachythemis contaminata	A /W	S	1	2
Ceriagrion auranticum	C /W	Wet, Wa		1
Crocothemis servilia	C /W	Wet, Wa	1	1
Diplacodes trivialis	C /W	Wet, Wa	5	2
Ischnura senegalensis	A /W	Wet, Wa, S	6	3
Neurothemis fulvia	C /W	Wet, Wa	3
Neurothemis tullia	FC /W	Wet, Wa	10	7
Orthetrum glaucum	A /W	Wet, Wa		1
Orthetrum pruinosum	A /W	Wa, S	7
Orthetrum sabina	A /W	Wet, Wa	52	15
Pantala flavescens	A /W	Wet, Wa, F	40	43
Tramea virginia	C /W	S		1
Trithemis aurora	A /W	S	2
Trithemis festiva	A /W	S	2	1

*Status - A=Abundant, C=Common, FC=Fairly common, W=Widespread (Wilson 1995, 1997)

**Habitat type - Wet=Wetland, S=Stream, F=Forest, AF=Abandoned Farmland, Wa=Wasteland.

Table G-22 List of Aquatic Fauna Recorded within the Study Area

Scientific Name	Location/ Habitat	Abundance	Local Status
Fish
Anguilla japonica	Stream S2 (upper course)	Scarce	Common
Parazacco spilurus	Stream S1 (upper course)	Frequent	Common, listed as vulnerable in CRDBP*
Capoeta semifasciolata	Stream S1 & S2 (upper course) and Pui O Marsh	Frequent	Common
Liniparhomaloptera disparis	Stream S2 (upper course)	Frequent	Common
Gambusia affinis	Stream S1 (middle course), wetland and Pui O Marsh	Abundant	Common
Mugil cephalus	Stream S2 & S3 (lower course)	Abundant	Common
Ambassis gymnocephalus	Stream S2 (lower course)	Abundant	Common
Lateolabrax japonicus	Stream S2 (lower course)	Occasional	Common
Oreochromis niloticus	Stream S1 & S2 (lower course) and wetland	Abundant	Common
Gerres filamentosus	Stream S2 (lower course)	Frequent	Common
Sparus berda	Stream S2 (lower course)	Occasional	Common
Therapon jarbua	Stream S2 and S3 (lower course)	Abundant	Common
Scatophagus argus	Stream S2 (lower course)	Frequent	Common
Mugilogobius abei	Stream S2 (lower course)	Frequent	Common
Glossogobius giuris	Stream S1 & S2 (upper course)	Frequent	Common
Stigmatogobius javanicus	Stream S2 and S3 (lower course)	Abundant	Common
Ctenogobius duospilus	Stream S1 & S2 (upper course)	Frequent	Common
Ctenogobius giurinus	Stream S1 & S2 (upper course)	Frequent	Common
Periophthalmus cantonensis	Brackish mudflat	Abundant	Common
Macropodus opercularis	Stream S1 (upper course) and wetland	Abundant	Common but declining
Invertebrates
Buffalo leech Poecilobdella assimilis	Pui O Marsh and Taro Bed	Occasional	Common
Atyid shrimp Caridina apodosis.	Pui O Taro Bed	Occasional	Common
Atyid shrimp Caridina serrata	Stream 4	Abundant	Rare and endemic
Mitten crab Eriocheir japonicus	Pui O Marsh	Occasional	Uncommon
Palamonid shrimp Macrobrachium sp.	Stream S3	Occasional	Common
Sesarmine crab Sesarmops sinensis	Stream S4	Occasional	Common
Sesarmine crab Pseudosesarma patshuni	Stream S3	Frequent	Common

* CRDB = China Red Data Book of Endangered Animals – Pisces (Yue and Chen, 1998).