10 LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL IMPACT

10.1 Introduction

10.1.0.1 This chapter outlines the landscape and visual impacts associated with the Deep Bay Link Road in accordance with the Environmental Impact Assessment Ordinance which became law in Hong Kong on 1st April 1998. Both construction and operation impacts are assessed. The assessment includes:

• A listing of the relevant environmental legislation and guidelines;
• a definition of the scope and contents of the study, including a description of the assessment methodology;
• a review of the relevant planning and development control framework;
• a baseline study providing a comprehensive and accurate description of the baseline landscape and visual character;
• recommendation of appropriate mitigation measures and associated implementation programmes: and
• identification of the potential landscape and visual impacts and prediction of their magnitude and potential significance, before and after the mitigation measures.

Alignment Options

10.1.0.2 Alignment Options are discussed in detail in Section 1 of this report. Briefly these options considered the following:

10.1.0.3 The Environmental Assessment Technical Report provides the initial assessment of the DBL routing and the landing point of the SWC. The report determined that there were three feasible alternatives for the landing point. These were 1) the landing point at Pak Nai; 2) the landing point at Sheung Pak Nai and 3) the landing point at Ngau Hom Shek. The result of the option assessment for these landing points concluded that Ngau Hom Shek was the most feasible.

10.1.0.4 A supplementary study was carried out prior to this DBL EIA to consider a tunnel alignment of DBL based upon the landing point at Ngau Hom Shek. This comprised an option assessment of three alternatives: 1) At Grade Scheme, 2) a Tunnel Scheme and 3) a Cavern Scheme. The at grade scheme, which is the basis of this EIA, had demonstrated that it provided the overall best solution taking into account environment, land, engineering, cost and programme.

10.1.0.5 Considerations for the refinement of the alignment in the current scheme include landuse, engineering and connection requirements, burial grounds, Ecologically Sensitive Areas and SSSI, sites of archaeological interest and cultural heritage importance and a range of environmental considerations.

10.2 Environmental Legislation and Guidelines

10.2.0.1 The following legislation, standards and guidelines are applicable to the evaluation of landscape and visual impacts associated with the construction and operation of the DBL:

• Environmental Impact Assessment Ordinance (Cap.499.S.16) and the Technical Memorandum on EIA Process (EIAO TM), particularly Annexes 10 and 18;
• Agreement No. CE 66/96 Planning and Development Study on North West New Territories - Hung Shui Kiu NDA RODP (September 1999)
• Approved Lam Tei and Yick Yuen Outline Zoning Plan No. S/TM-LTYY/3 (23 May 2000), Draft Ping Shan Outline Zoning Plan No. S/YL-PS/8. (31st May 2002), Approved Ha Tsuen Outline Zoning Plan No. S/YL-HT/4. (28 March 2000), Draft Tong Yan San Tsuen Outline Zoning Plan No. S/YL-TYST/6 (19 October 2001),
• Hong Kong Planning Standards and Guidelines;
• WBTC No. 25/93 - Control of Visual Impact of Slopes;
• WBTC No. 14/2002 - Management and Maintenance of both Natural Vegetation and Landscape Works, and Tree Preservation;
• WBTC 17/2000 Improvement to the Appearance of Slopes;
• WBTC No. 19/98 Advisory Committee on the Appearance of Bridges and Associated Structures (ACABAS)
• WBTC No. 7 /2002 Tree Planting in Public Works
• WBTC No. 30/2001 Capital Works or Maintenance Works (including Tree Planting) Within or Adjacent to the Kowloon-Canton Railway (HK) Section
• GEO Publication No. 1/2000 - Technical Guidelines on Landscape Treatment and Bio-Engineering for Man-Made Slopes and Retaining Walls;
• HyDTC No.10/01- Visibility of Directional Signs
• Preliminary Project Feasibility Study (PPFS) Report for Deep Bay Link - Transport Department (May 1999);
• Feasibility Study for additional Cross Border Links, Stage 2. Deep Bay Link Preliminary Environmental Review;
• HyD Guidance Note No. LU/GN/001;
• HyD Practice Note No. LU/PN/001
• EIAO Guidance Note 8/2002 Preparation of Landscape & Visual Impact assessment under EIAO.

10.2.0.2 In addition, reference has been made to:

• Agreement No. CE 82/97 : Route 10 - North Lantau to Yuen Long Highway Investigation and Preliminary Design

• Agreement No. CE 98/98: Widening of Yuen Long Highway between Lam Tei and Shap Pat Heung Interchange - Preliminary Design and Ground Investigations.

• Agreement No. CE 39/2001 Shenzhen Western Corridor - Investigation & Planning Assignment: associated reports.

10.3 Scope and Content of the Study

10.3.0 Deep Bay Link - Investigation and Preliminary Design

10.3.0.1 The nature and extent of the Deep Bay Link Road is described below:

10.3.0.2 The Deep Bay Link is a 5.4km proposed trunk road of dual - 3 lane standard providing a strategic link between Shenzen Western Corridor (landfall at Ngau Hom Shek) and Yuen Long Highway and the proposed Route 10 at Lam Tei. The majority of the DBL will be on an elevated viaduct with the exception of approximately 990m which will be at grade.

10.3.0.3 An interchange is included in the project, the Lam Tei Interchange will connect DBL to Yuen Long Highway and the possible future Route 10. An additional interchange is proposed at Hung Shui Kiu.

10.3.0.4 Associated civil, structural, geotechnical, landscape and drainage works, street lighting aids (including sig. gantries), noise barriers, fire hydrants, traffic control and surveillance system, security control system and E&M works.

10.3.0.5 Reprovisioning and modification works to San Wai Sewage Treatment Works and any associated compensatory land.

10.3.0.6 The works will include:

• A dual 3-lane mainline with bridge structures linking the proposed SWC at Ngau Hom Shek with the Yuen Long Highway. Most of the mainline is a viaduct structure. Two sections, one at San Sang San Tsuen and another north of San Wai Sewerage Treatment Plant are constructed on grade for a length of 640m and 350m respectively.
• The mainline is comprised of 2 joined decks each approximately 16.5m wide (total 33m). Each deck consists of 3 lanes (11m) a hard shoulder (3.3m), a marginal strip (1m) and parapet structures. Parapets are typically 2m in height (1.1m above deck level).
• On/Off ramps of smaller dimensions are located at the Lam Tei and HSK Interchanges. There are also two on/off ramps located at Ha Tsuen.
• The decks are supported on columns at 30-40m spacings generally. The location and spacing of the columns is dependent upon the existing and proposed ground conditions, drainage requirements, etc. The height of the columns varies according to existing and proposed conditions. At Lam Tei, one of the highest elevations of the road, the deck reaches approximately 41mPD. This translates into a column height of approximately 28 metres.
• Columns are typically of oval cross section and are 1m by 1.5m at the base splaying out to 2.5m wide at the top.
• Noise barriers are proposed to almost all sections of the road and ramps at the Lam Tei Intersection to San Sang San Tsuen. There are 3 types of noise barriers proposed (ranging in height from 3m to 5.5m with 2.5m extension) and a semi-enclosure (approximately 200m in length) is proposed to be located near San Sang San Tsuen at the point where the road is closest to proposed residential development of the HSK NDA. Details of the barriers are included in Section 3 (Noise Impact Assessment). There will be approximately 10 km of noise barriers associated with DBL
• the Helipad and access track to the north of San Wai Sewerage Treatment plant is proposed. The track will be approx. 5m wide with a length of 350m.
• the re-provisioning and modification works to San Wai Sewage Treatment Work and the permanent access ways;
• night lighting from street light poles located along the outer edge of each deck. These shall be approximately 12m high and at 15m spacings generally.
• an area for maintenance and service facilities is proposed just north of the San Wai Treatment plant. This has an area of 7,500m² located at grade underneath the mainline and is accessed by roads to Ha Tsuen and on/off ramps to the mainline.
• Cut slopes are proposed in the area to the ridgeline to the south of Ngau Hom Shek and to the hillsides to the north of the San Wai Sewerage Treatment plan. The most substantial of these is 29m high and approximately 80m long. Additional cut slopes are proposed at San Sang San Tsuen. In total approximately 18,000m² of land area will be affected by cut slopes.

10.3.1 Limits of the Study Area

10.3.1.1 The limit of the landscape impact study is 500m on either side of the limit of the Deep Bay Link Road. The limits of the visual impact studies are the zones of visual influence (ZVIs) of the Deep Bay Link Road during the construction and operation phases, which are illustrated in Figure 10.5.12.

10.3.2 Assessment Methodology

10.3.2.1 Landscape and visual impacts have been assessed separately for the construction, operational (opening day) and residual (Year 10) stages. The assessments take into account existing/planned/approved land uses as baseline conditions, and assess all direct and indirect impacts on existing/planned/approved land uses, and on future outlook of the area. Potential impacts are identified in terms of being beneficial/adverse, direct/indirect, short term/long term, and reversible/irreversible.

10.3.2.2 Impacts are determined in terms of significance thresholds, which are the product of the magnitude of change to baseline conditions due to the proposed Works and the sensitivity of resource/character/receivers. In general terms, magnitude of change relates to parameters of the proposed Works in the context of baseline conditions, and sensitivity refers to properties of resource/character/receivers:

10.3.2.3 Where appropriate the cumulative impacts of other development proposals is considered.
Landscape Impacts

10.3.2.4 The assessment of landscape impacts involves the following procedures:

• Identification of the baseline landscape resources (physical and cultural) and landscape character found within the study area. This has been achieved by site visit and desk-top study of topographical maps, information databases and photographs.
• Assessment of the degree of sensitivity to change of the landscape resources/character. This is influenced by a number of factors including
  • quality and maturity of landscape characters/resources,
  • rarity of landscape elements: whether is considered to be of local, regional, national or global importance
  • ability of the landscape resource/character to accommodate change,
  • whether there are any statutory or regulatory limitations/ requirements relating to the resource
• Identification of potential sources of landscape impacts. These are the various elements of the construction works and operational procedures that would generate landscape impacts.
• Identification of the magnitude of landscape impacts. The magnitude of the impact depends on a number of factors including
  • scale of development, and the physical extent of the impact,
  • compatibility of the project with the surrounding landscape,
  • duration of impacts i.e. whether it is temporary (short, medium or long term), under construction and operation phases,
  • potentially reversible, or permanent and irreversible
• Identification of potential landscape mitigation measures. These may take the form of adopting alternative designs or revisions to the basic engineering and architectural design to prevent and/or minimise adverse impacts; remedial measures such as colour and textural treatment of building features; and compensatory measures such as the implementation of landscape design measures (e.g. tree planting, creation of new open space etc) to compensate for unavoidable adverse impacts and to attempt to generate potentially beneficial long term impacts.
• Prediction of the significance of landscape impacts before and after the implementation of the mitigation measures. This achieved by synthesis of the above information leading to an evaluation of the degree of significance of the landscape impacts into thresholds of substantial, moderate, slight, or negligible. Impacts are classified depending on whether the impacts are adverse/beneficial, and irreversible/reversible. By synthesising the magnitude of the various impacts and the sensitivity of the various landscape resources it is possible to identify a series of thresholds to be used as a basis for the categorisation of the degree of significance of the impacts in a logical, well reasoned and consistent fashion.

10.3.2.5 The rationale for dividing the degree of significance into four thresholds, namely substantial, moderate, slight and negligible depending on the combination of large-intermediate-small-negligible magnitude of change, and high-medium-low degree of sensitivity is presented in Table 10.1.

10.3.2.6 The inclusion of a 'negligible' magnitude of impact is necessary because a negligible impact is different from a 'small' magnitude of impact. A 'small' magnitude impact will cause a varying degree of resultant impact significance depending on whether the landscape resource's sensitivity is low, medium or high. However, a negligible magnitude of impact will always result in negligible significance, irrespective of the sensitivity of the resource.

10.3.2.7 The assessment of visual impacts involves the following procedures.

• Identification of the ZVI’s during the construction and operational Stages of the improvement works. This is achieved by site visit and desk-top study of topographic maps and photographs, and preparation of cross-sections to determine visibility of the improvement works from various locations.
• Identification of the Visually Sensitive Receivers (VSR's) within the ZVI’s at construction and operational Stages. These are the people who would reside within, work within, play within, or travel through, the ZVI’s.
• Assessment of the degree of sensitivity to change of the VSR’s. Factors affecting the sensitivity of receivers for evaluation of visual impacts:

• value and quality of existing views,
• availability and amenity alternative views,
• type and estimated number of receiver population,
• duration or frequency of view, and
• degree of visibility.

10.3.2.8 Those who view the impact from their homes are considered to be highly sensitive as the attractiveness or otherwise of the outlook from their home will have a substantial effect on their perception of the quality and acceptability of their home environment and their general quality of life. Those who view the impact from their workplace are considered to be only moderately sensitive as the attractiveness or otherwise of the outlook will have a less important, although still material, effect on their perception of their quality of life. The degree to which this applies depends on whether the workplace is industrial, retail or commercial. Those who view the impact whilst taking part in an outdoor leisure activity may display varying sensitivity depending on the type of leisure activity. Those who view the impact whilst travelling on a public thoroughfare will also display varying sensitivity depending on the speed of travel and whether the view is continuous or occasionally glimpsed.

• Identification of potential sources of visual impacts. These are the various elements of the construction works and operational procedures that would generate visual impacts.
• Assessment of potential magnitude of visual impacts. This depends on a number of factors including
  • scale of development;
  • compatibility of the project with the visual context;
  • duration of impacts under construction and operation phases;
  • reversibility of change;
  • distance of the source of impact from the viewer; and
  • potential obstruction of view.
• Identification of potential visual mitigation measures. These may take the form of revisions/refinements to the engineering and architectural design to minimise potential impacts, and/or the implementation of landscape design measures (e.g. screen tree planting, colour design of hard landscape features etc) to alleviate adverse visual impacts and generate potentially beneficial long term visual impacts.
• Prediction of the significance of visual impacts before and after the implementation of the mitigation measures. This achieved by synthesis of the above information leading to an evaluation of the degree of significance of the visual impacts into thresholds of substantial, moderate, slight, or negligible. Impacts are classified depending on whether the impacts are adverse/beneficial, and irreversible/reversible. By synthesising the magnitude of the various visual impacts and the sensitivity of the various VSR’s it is possible to identify a series of thresholds to be used as a basis for the categorisation of the degree of significance of the impacts in a logical, well reasoned and consistent fashion.

10.3.2.9 The rationale for dividing the degree of significance into four thresholds, namely substantial, moderate, slight and negligible depending on the combination of large-intermediate-small-negligible magnitude of change, and high-medium-low degree of sensitivity of the VSR's is presented in Table 10.1. The inclusion of a 'negligible' magnitude of impact is necessary because a negligible impact is different from a 'slight' magnitude of impact. A 'slight' magnitude impact will cause a varying degree of resultant impact significance, depending on whether the receptor's sensitivity is low, medium or high. However, a negligible magnitude of impact will always result in negligible impact significance, irrespective of the sensitivity of the VSR.

10.3.2.10 In addition, the following assumptions have been made in the assessment:

• All mitigation proposals in this report are practical and achievable within the known parameters of funding, implementation, management and maintenance. The suggested agents for the implementation (and subsequent management and maintenance, if applicable) are indicated in Tables 10.4 and 10.8.
• The Hung Shui Kiu New Development Area (formerly known as Strategic Growth Area) is regarded as committed development. The latest publicly released RODP has been used within this regard.
• The Shenzhen Western Corridor will proceed and alignment will conform with that indicated in the DBL alignment. The SWC/DBL boundary lies on the coastline at Ngau Hom Shek (mean high water mark).

10.3.3 Route 10 Study Interface

10.3.3.1 The study area for this agreement interfaces with the proposed Route 10 at the area between Lam Tei Quarry and Yuen Long Highway. The landscape and visual impacts south of this interface are being addressed under the Route 10 agreement. It is necessary to consider the impacts assessed in both agreements on a collective or cumulative basis. It is envisaged that as both studies proceed further detailed references will be incorporated within each respective report. At present detail regarding the design development of Route 10 is not available and assessment of the works with respect to the interface with DBL is broad and preliminary only.

10.3.4 SWC Study Interface

10.3.4.1 The study area for this project has changed from that indicated in previous papers on LVIA. The interface with the SWC is now located along the coastline (i.e. MHW). Previously, it was located 300m inland from the coastline. It is necessary to consider the impacts assessed in both projects on a collective or cumulative basis. It is envisaged that as both studies proceed further detailed references will be incorporated within each respective report. The construction phase delineation remains at a point 300m inland from the coastline.

10.4 Planning and Development Control Framework

10.4.0 Planned and Committed Development

Hung Shui Kiu NDA RODP

10.4.0.1 The Hung Shui Kiu area has been identified as priority development area in the Planning and Development Study on North West New Territories commissioned by Territory Development and Planning Department. A Recommended Outline Development, which has taken into account the preliminary alignment of DBL, has been prepared for the new development area. In this Recommended Outline Development Plan for Hung Shui Kiu NDA, land is reserved for DBL. This recommended Outline Development Plan is depicted in Figure 1.8 and described in more detail below:

10.4.0.2 The key components of the Hung Shui Kiu RODP are briefly described below:

• A high density residential core surrounding the HSK West Rail Station (generally within a 500m radius). Residential developments then decrease in density from outside the 500m radius from the station. G/IC facilities are also provided in appropriate proportions to suit residential densities.
• Village areas have been retained where possible within the plan.
• Landscape buffer zones are provided between the residential areas and the proposed Deep Bay Road Link. The buffer zones are in the form of areas zoned 'A' (Amenity) and 'GB' (Green Belt).
• The NDA includes an extensive road network relying on integration with the DBL, Yuen Long Highway and Castle Peak Road. A Primary Distributor Road is also proposed below and adjacent to the DBL alignment. The proposed completion date for DBL is mid 2006. Construction for Road P1 of HSK NDA will not commence until after 2006. It is envisaged that mitigation measures proposed for DBL will be relatively well established by the time Road P1's construction has been completed.
• The northern part of HSK NDA is reserved for "Other Specified Uses" annotated "Business Use" and "Container Back-up" uses. The former is adjacent to the proposed DBL for business and office uses to meet the possible demand arising from cross-boundary activities whilst the latter is to consolidate existing container back-up sites into a site from the main residential areas to help meet the future territorial demand and those displaced by the NDA development.
• The major road infrastructure is indicated on the HSK NDA RODP (Figure 1.8). The Primary Distributor bridging the development joins the DBL at the HSK interchange. The central spine of the development connects to Lam Tei interchange and the Yuen Long Highway.
• Planned developments located immediately adjacent or near to the DBL alignment include G/IC zone (5C), Other Specified Uses (Business Use) (5A), Amenity (A), Residential Zone 1, Education Facilities (E), Greenbelt (GB), Commercial (C) and Village Type Development (V), Other Specified Uses (Container back-Up) (5B & C). It is anticipated that impacts arising from the DBL will have direct affects on these zones.

10.4.0.3 Please note for a more detailed description of the HSK NDA RODP refer to the Explanatory Statement.

10.4.1 Landscape Planning Destination

10.4.1.1 A review has been undertaken of the current planning goals and objectives, statutory land-use and landscape planning designations for the Study Area. These have drawn upon information based upon the Outline Zoning Plans.

10.4.1.2 The current statutory designations for the Study Area are shown on the following Outline Zoning Plans:

• Approved Lam Tei and Yick Yuen Outline Zoning Plan No. S/TM-LTYY/3 (23 May 2000),
• Draft Ping Shan Outline Zoning Plan No. S/YL-PS/8. (31 May 2002),
• Approved Ha Tsuen Outline Zoning Plan No. S/YL-HT/4. (28 March 2000),
• Draft Tong Yan San Tsuen Outline Zoning Plan No. S/YL-TYST/6 (19 October 2001),

10.4.1.3 Under the current OZPs the proposed DBL alignment passes or affects land designated for the following uses: 'Coastal Protection Area (CPA)', 'Agriculture (AGR), 'Green Belt (GB)', 'Government/Institution/Community (G/IC)', 'Recreation (REC)', 'Conservation Area (CA)', 'Residential Groups B,C & D (R(B,C & D)), 'Undetermined (U)', 'Other Specified Uses (OU)', and 'Village Type Development (V)'. No lands are reserved for the DBL in these OZPs. The zoning of lands is depicted in Figures 10.4.1 to 10.4.4 and 1.8.

10.4.1.4 The planning intentions of these designated OZPs are described below in terms of landscape and visual impact assessment of the proposed DBL. Only the planning intentions of relevant designated areas discussed. The current OZPs will require amendment to incorporate the DBL alignment once it gains approval.

Approved Lam Tei and Yick Yuen Outline Zoning Plan

10.4.1.5 'Green Belt': the planning intention of this zone is to define urban and sub-urban limits, contain urban sprawl and to act as a buffer area between developments and more sensitive areas. The Green Belt affected in this area provides a significant buffer between Yuen Long Highway and adjacent areas. It also provides a buffer to the Lam Tei Quarry area. It comprises stands of significant trees.

10.4.1.6 'OU' annotated 'Quarry': the Lam Tei Quarry is expected to cease operation prior to the roads completion.

10.4.1.7 Other designated zones affected are 'Residential C & D', 'Other Uses' including Petrol Filling Stations, 'Village Type Development' and 'Undetermined'. Specific landscape and visual impacts of the road are addressed later in this report.

Approved Ha Tsuen Outline Zoning Plan

10.4.1.8 'Green Belt': the planning intentions for this zone are as described above. The Green Belt zones in this area include the ranges of vegetated knolls and permitted burial grounds to the east and south east of Ngau Hom Shek and Ngau Hom Sha respectively, and the burial grounds to the north of the San Wai Sewage Treatment Plant and to the north of San Sang San Tseun. Since much of the area is designated permitted burial grounds, these areas are not frequently used as recreation resources. The DBL dissects the Green Belt Area located to the south of Ngau Hom Shek. It follows a narrow, steep sided valley which runs north south linking the north of Ha Tsuen with Ngau Hom Shek.

10.4.1.9 'Agriculture': the planning intention of this zone is to retain and safeguard good agricultural land for agricultural purposes. The agricultural land in Ngau Hom Shek is categorised 'good quality' and is under active cultivation. The DBL traverses this zone and links with the SWC bridge with the northern approach road section.

10.4.1.10 'Coastal Protection Area' (CPA): the planning intention of this zone is to preserve the natural coastline with a minimum of built development so as to retain their attractive coastal features. The DBL traverses this zone at Ngau Hom Shek to join with the SWC bridge.

10.4.1.11 Ha Tsuen/Castle Peak Firing Range: to the west of the area covered by the Ha Tsuen OZP lies Castle Peak Firing Range. Access to this area is restricted.

10.4.1.12 Justifications for the development are provided within the Cross Border Links Feasibility Study, and Preliminary Project Feasibility Study (PPFS) Report for Deep Bay Link prepared by the Transport Department (May 1999) and the fact that the alignment has been included in the latest development study for the area (Hung Shui Kiu NDA RODP). The project, therefore, is in accordance with the planning goals and objectives for the study area. Nevertheless, the Deep Bay Link must be very carefully designed to minimise any potentially adverse impacts on the environment.

10.5 Baseline Study

10.5.0 Physical Landscape Resources - Generally

10.5.0.1 The landscape resources are mapped in Figures 10.5.1 to 10.5.4. Photo views illustrating the landscape and visual characteristics are illustrated in Figures 10.5.5 to 10.5.11 inclusive.

Landform

10.5.0.2 The proposed DBL alignment commences at the point where Route 10 exits from the tunnel above Lam Tei Quarry, crosses the Yuen Long - Tuen Mun corridor and follows the interface of the foothills of Yuen Tau Shan and the large, flat valley area of Ha Tsuen. This valley extends from Tuen Mun and Lam Tei in the south to Lau Fau Shan and Kai Shan in the north and Yuen Long in the northeast. The valley is bounded by the mountain ranges of Yuen Tau Shan to the west, Tai Lam to the south and east and Kai Shan and Lau Fau Shan to the north. These mountain ranges and associated foothills consist of steep sided hills and valleys and form a dramatic edge to the valley.

10.5.0.3 In the north, where the proposed DBL will join the Shenzen Western Corridor bridge at Ngau Hom Shek village, the topography consists of a narrow coastal plain bounded by the Yuen Tau Shan foothills to the south and Deep Bay to the north.

10.5.0.4 To the south, where the proposed DBL meets Proposed Route 10, the topography consists of the narrow valley area which forms the Yuen Long - Tuen Mun Corridor bounded by the foothills of Tai Lam in the south and Castle Peak in the north.

Drainage

10.5.0.5 There is an extensive network of natural streams and small rivers associated with the foothills and valleys of Lau Fau Shan mountain. In addition, there are several streams located within the foothills of Tai Lam, adjacent to the Lam Tei Quarry and associated with Lam Tei and Hung Shui Hang Reservoirs. These streams eventually discharge into the main drainage channel running from Lam Tei to Tin Shui Wai.

10.5.0.6 Many of these streams supply wetlands, marshes, fish ponds and other agricultural fields within the study area. An example of this is at Tseung Kong Wai where a small valley containing fish ponds, orchards and other agricultural fields which are irrigated by a small stream.

10.5.0.7 The small steep sided valley adjacent to Ngau Hom Shek also contains a prominent stream and associated marshes.

10.5.0.8 For more detailed information on the natural drainage systems impacted by the project refer to the Water Quality and Ecology Chapters.

Vegetation

10.5.0.9 The vegetation of the subject site consists of the following:

• Woodland associated with the Conservation Areas and Green Belts of Yau Tau Shan and Tai Lam Country Park.
• Grassland associated with the Conservation Areas and Green Belts of Yau Tau Shan and Tai Lam Country Park.
• Agricultural vegetation located in small pockets along the DBL alignment. These are usually associated with villages including Ngau Hom Shek, Tseung Kong Wai, Tin Sam and Yick Yuen Tseun. Many of these agricultural fields are now abandoned.
• Vegetation (trees stands and shrubs) associated with road corridors. These include the Yuen Long Highway and Castle Peak Road.
• Woodlands, tree groups and individual trees associated with villages.
• Freshwater marshes at Ngau Hom Shek and the adjacent valley and in the small valleys adjacent to Tseung Kong Wai.
• Mangroves located at the coastline at Ngau Hom Shek.

10.5.1 Human and Cultural Landscape Resources - Generally

Buildings and Settlements

10.5.1.1 Primarily, the existing development within the study area consists of several villages and village type developments with large areas of container storage yards located adjacent to the foothills of Lau Fau Shan. A couple of high density residential developments exist in the Lam Tei area within the study boundary. Much of the area is subject to the HSK NDA RODP.

10.5.1.2 Villages within the study area include:

• Numerous villages located within Lam Tei (e.g. San Hing Tsuen, Tsing Chuen Wai, Lam Tei San Tsuen and Chung Uk Tsuen);
• Villages located within Hung Shui Kiu and Ha Tsuen (e.g. Tseung Kong Wai, Sha Chau Lei and Hung Shui Kiu);
• Ngau Hom Shek village located on the coast.

10.5.1.3 The high density residential developments surrounding the subject site include:

• Botania Villa in Lam Tei
• Siu Hong Court to the south of Lam Tei adjacent to the Tuen Mun River Channel
• Park View Garden, Bauhinia Garden and Meadowlands located to the west of Lam TeiSome of the residential developments in Tin Shui Wai which may be affected by the road but are located a fair distance from the DBL include Tin Shing Court, Locwood Court and Tin Shui Estate.

Infrastructure

10.5.1.4 Infrastructure present within the study area includes:

• The Yuen Long Highway (a dual 2 lane road which will be expanded to a 3 lane dual configuration in the future);
• Castle Peak Road including the adjacent Light Rail Line;
• Deep Bay Road running parallel with the coast line at Ngau Hom Shek;
• The San Wai Sewage Treatment Plant located adjacent to the Ha Tsuen;
• There are three high Voltage Cable pylons together with three sections of overhead cables in the vicinity of the DBL at Lam Tei.

10.5.1.5 Future committed infrastructure includes:

• The KCRC West Rail line;
• Roads and other works associated with the HSK NDA;
• Route 10 (subject to due process);
• Shenzhen Western Corridor.

10.5.2 Landscape Resources

10.5.2.1 Several landscape resources have been identified within the study area. These are described below and indicated in Figures 10.5.1 to 10.5.4. A summary is provided in Table 10.2.

L1: Mangrove
10.5.2.2 Areas of mangrove are located on the coastline at Ngau Hom Shek. In addition to their ecological value, these provide an important visual definition to this narrow coastal plain. They also provide a landscape/visual buffer between village development and Hau Hoi Wan. The landscape sensitivity to change of this area is judged to be High.

L2: Mudflat
10.5.2.3 Mudflats are an inherent part of the coastal landscape in this area. The shallow water of Deep Bay results in an extensive tidal variation. The mudflats, whilst being a valuable ecological resource, provide a unique visual and landscape component within the study area. The landscape sensitivity to change of this area is judged to be High.

L3: Marsh & Wet Agriculture
10.5.2.4 Several areas of marsh occur in the study area. The major areas are 1) an area located to the east of Ngau Hom Shek and is associated with the Ngau Hom Shek East Stream; 2) an area located in the narrow valley located adjacent to Ngau Hom Shek where the SWC joins the DBL and 3) several small areas located at the valley adjacent to Ha Tsuen. All are formed by abandoned fish ponds and, therefore, semi-natural. The wet agricultural areas consist of small areas located in Ha Tsuen and Hung Shui Kiu. The landscape sensitivity to change of this area is judged to be High.

L4: Agriculture, Orchards and Plantations
10.5.2.5 The areas identified as agriculture include orchards and vegetable fields. Orchards are common around villages and dwellings. Typical orchard species include Wampi, Longan, Litchi, Breadfruit, mango and citrus trees. Vegetable fields include a wide variety of species including Cabbages, Corriander, Lettuce, etc. Plantation woodlands include trees of mostly exotic species and generally occur in lower slope areas adjacent to village and other agriculture. Typical species include Acacia, Lophostemon, Slash Pine and Eucalyptus sp. The plantations are also usually located to other stands of naturally occuring woodland. The agricultural and plantation areas contribute significantly to the agri- rural visual character of many of the areas within the study area, especially those areas around Ha Tsuen and Ngau Hom Shek. The landscape sensitivity to change of this area is judged to be High.

L5: Fish Ponds
10.5.2.6 Several fish ponds are located within the study area. These are generally abandoned, under-utilised or have been filled in but a few remain managed. These are mostly located at Ngau Hom Shek and the valley adjacent to Ha Tsuen. The fish ponds located at Ngau Hom Shek are regarded as significant contributor to the coastal Deep Bay wetland ecosystem but the those located at Ha Tsuen are isolated (refer to the ecological impact section). The value of fish ponds in terms of visual significance is high. The landscape sensitivity to change of this area is judged to be Medium.

L6: Stream Channels
10.5.2.7 There are a number of small stream channels within the study area. These are generally in a natural and rocky state on the hillsides but tend to be channelised or culverted or diverted to be used in wet agriculture and fish ponds at the valley floor. As a consequence the streams have a high landscape value on the hill sides but this value is reduced once they reach the lower slope areas and valley floor. The landscape sensitivity to change of this area is judged to be High.

L7: Grassland
10.5.2.8 Grassland and low shrub areas are located within the Green Belt and Conservation Areas adjacent to Ha Tsuen / Castle Peak Firing Range. These are composed of large areas located generally on ridgelines and steeper slopes which cannot support woodland planting and are typical of Hong Kong's upland landscape. The combination of topography and grassland/scrub mosaic is of high visual value. The landscape sensitivity to change of this area is judged to be Medium.

10.5.2.9 A prominent ridgeline located within the Greenbelt directly to the south of Ngau Hom Shek is significant in terms of its landform rather than its vegetative cover. Vegetative cover consists of grassland and some small isolated trees. This is generally of poor quality due to the regularly burning it receives, the dumping of rubbish and generall disturbance.

L8: Woodland (including Tall Shrub)
10.5.2.10 Woodland areas are located within the Green Belt and Conservation Areas adjacent to Ha Tsuen / Castle Peak Firing Range and Lam Tei Country Park. These woodlands, together with the grassland/shrub areas create a green backdrop to the valley and are an important visual amenity along the DBL route. Much of the woodland in the lower Green Belt areas is interspersed with graves and their associated access trails. As a consequence to this, the woodland here tends to be poor in quality. In addition, at the edges of most of the Green Belt woodland areas, burning and haphazard development has encroached destroying many trees resulting in very poor quality woodland. Refer to Figure 10.5.8. The landscape sensitivity to change of this area is judged to be High.

L9: Village / Residential / Warehouse / Factory / Roads and similar developments.
10.5.2.11 Village type development consists of small rustic dwellings and workshops. The character of the village areas is represented by a mixed land use of small scale dwellings, minor storage areas, small scale agriculture and other individual dwellings. The landscape sensitivity to change of this area is judged to be Low.

10.5.2.12 There are many villages within the valley. Those within the landscape study area include Ngau Hom Shek, Ha Tsuen, Tseung Kong Wai, Kau Lee Uk Tsuen, San Sang San Tsuen, and many in the Lam Tei area. Some of these are San Hing Tsuen, Fu Ha Tsuen, Tsoi Yuen Tsuen, Lam Tei Tsuen, Yick Yuen Tsuen, Sun Fung Wai and Chun Uk Tsuen.

10.5.2.13 Residential developments identified in the Baseline Landscape Conditions include those medium / high density residential developments located around the Lam Tei area. These include:

• Botania Villa: located adjacent to the village of Tuen Mun San Tsuen between Castle Peak Road and Yuen Long Highway;
• Siu Hong Court: located adjacent to the Tuen Mun River Channel in the south of Lam Tei;
• Meadowlands, Osmanthus Garden and Bauhinia Villas located to the north of Lam Tei adjacent to the villages of Chung Uk Tsuen and Tan Kwai Tsuen;
• These developments consist of low and medium rise developments located near Yuen Long and Castle Peak Roads.

10.5.2.14 High rise residential developments exist at Tin Shui Wai. These are located outside the landscape study boundary but within the visual envelope. At the nearest point, these estates are located 1,500 metres from the proposed DBL. The estates include Tin Shui Estate, Tin Oi Court, Kingswood Villas, Tin Yiu estate and Tin Yau Court.

10.5.2.15 Major infrastructure includes large roads and highways, canals, rail lines, etc. Major infrastructure elements within the study area include Yuen Long Highway, Castle Peak Road and interchanges. Future committed works include west rail and infrastructure associated with HSK NDA. These are not indicated on the baseline conditions plan but will be included in assessing the impacts. Refer to Figure 10.5.6.

10.5.2.16 Open Storage yards are areas used for the storage of large shipping containers. These are stacked sometimes up to seven containers high and yards cover large areas of the landscape creating major landscape and visual impact. Many yards have been created through the filling of ponds and clearing of vegetation. Areas of these yards exist in Ha Tsuen in the HSK NDA. Refer to Figure 10.5.7.

10.5.2.17 There are two large quarries bordering Tai Lam Country Park. One is located to the north of Lam Tei and the other is located at the vicinity of Lam Tai interchange (Lam Tei Quarry). These quarries are located on the slopes of the foothills of Tai Lam Country park and, as such, involve extensive slope cutting. Both these quarries can been seen from many areas within the valley.

L10: Landform
10.5.2.18 Landform has been included as a landscape resource as it can provide highly significant contribution to the landscape character of an area and plays an inherent role in defining vegetation associations. There are three significant areas of landform in the study area which may be impacted upon. These areas are part of the foothills of Yuen Tau Shan and are typical of Hong Kong lowland topography. As mentioned previously, the steep sided hills and there interface with the flat valley floor create a dramatic topographic form. The proposed DBL road will impact these within the Greenbelt area south of Ngau Hom Shek and at San Sang San Tsuen. The landscape sensitivity to change of this area is judged to be Medium.

10.5.3 Landscape Character Areas

10.5.3.1 The study area consists of eight distinct landscape character zones (LC). These are described below and indicated in Figures 10.5.2 to 10.5.4. A summary is provided in Table 10.2.

• LC1: Agricultural Coastal Lowland
• LC2: Greenbelt Foothills
• LC3: Village Coastal Lowland
• LC4: Sea Edge
• LC5: Valley Lowland Agriculture
• LC6: Valley Lowland Mosaic
• LC7: Lam Tei
• LC8: Greenbelt/Country Park Uplands

LC1: Agricultural Coastal Lowland
10.5.3.2 This landscape character zone comprises low-lying land which is used for agricultural purposes, ponds and wetland marsh area. The character of this zone is generally open with few built structures or roads. Trees of any substance are largely limited to around the edges of this Character Area or along watercourses. The landscape sensitivity to change of this area is judged to be Medium.

LC2: Greenbelt Foothills
10.5.3.3 The Greenbelt Foothills are characterised by eroded slopes primarily vegetated by grassland species. The natural quality of this character area is mixed with few built structures with the exception of a number of graves and associated trails. This tends to have a detrimental effect on the quality of the grasslands. However, the zone provides important containment for the coastal strip, providing isolation from nearby urban areas and therefore has a high landscape value. The landscape sensitivity to change of this area is judged to be High.

LC3: Village Coastal Lowland
10.5.3.4 The Village Coastal Lowland forms a modified strip along the coast containing small rustic dwellings and workshops. The character of the buildings is generally small scale, nestled into the landscape rather than competing or contrasting. The buildings however are of poor quality with many being used for storage. The landscape sensitivity to change of this area is judged to be Medium.

LC4: Sea Edge
10.5.3.5 The Sea edge consists of mud flats and mangroves, providing an important transition between the land and Deep Bay. The character is open with expansive views available across Deep Bay. The natural character of this zone is generally high with the exception where rubbish has been dumped. The landscape sensitivity to change of this area is judged to be High.

LC5: Valley Lowland Agriculture
10.5.3.6 This zone comprises agricultural areas including plantations, orchards, some paddy fields and fish ponds located on the valley floor within the Ha Tsuen and Lam Tei areas. These areas are dotted amongst villages, open storage areas and other development which is rapidly encroaching upon these areas. Many of these fields are abandoned. They provide a remnant agrarian character in the study area. Much of these areas will be developed by the future HSK NDA. The landscape sensitivity to change of this area is judged to be Medium.

LC6: Valley Lowland Mosaic
10.5.3.7 The bulk of the valley floor within the study area comprises development such as open storage yards, villages, small industries, residential development and associated infrastructure. Much of this is generally haphazard with little landscape value and will be developed by the future HSK NDA. The landscape sensitivity to change of this area is judged to be Low.

LC7: Lam Tei
10.5.3.8 Lam Tei comprises a mix of well established existing villages, recent low rise residential developments and associated land uses such as G/IC and open spaces. The infrastructure is more developed. Future projects such as the widening of Yuen Long Highway and the West Rail project will have a marked impact upon these areas. The landscape sensitivity to change of this area is judged to be Medium.

LC8: Green Belt / Country Park Uplands
10.5.3.9 The upland areas of Yuen Tau Shan and Tai Lam Country Park form the physical and visual boundary of the study area. They are essentially natural areas comprising of wooded and grassland slopes. These hills form a scenic backdrop surrounding the valley and are an important visual resource. The landscape sensitivity to change of this area is judged to be High.

10.5.4 Baseline Visual Conditions

10.5.4.1 The visual study area can be divided into two zones: 1) the small portion located at Ngau Hom Shek where the DBL joins the SWC on the coastline and 2) the other areas located within the Ha Tsuen/Lam Tei Valley.

Ngau Hom Shek

10.5.4.2 The isolated character of Ngau Hom Shek and the Deep Bay Coastline, combined with Castle Peak Range and the narrow low-lying agricultural areas, reduce the potential visibility of the section of DBL and the number of VSRs. However, the elevated nature of the road will increase its visibility to residents of Ngau Hom Shek and other adjacent VSRs. To the southeast the visual envelope will be contained by the ridgelines emanating from Castle Peak, and of indefinable length stretching out in the coastal waters to the north and south. This small section of the road will have limited visual impact compared to the SWC which stretches out across Deep Bay to Shenzhen.

10.5.4.3 Generally throughout the low-lying coastal areas, visibility is limited by vegetation. By retaining this vegetation, screening of the DBL will be possible due to the area's low-lying nature. With elevation, due either to topography or structures, the visibility of the proposal will increase proportionately.

Ha Tsuen / Lam Tei Valley

10.5.4.4 This large valley extends from Ha Tsuen and Lam Tei in the west to Tin Shui Wai and beyond in the east. It is bounded in the north and south by the foothills of Yuen Tau Shan and Tai Lam Country Park respectively. Surrounding hillsides create a picturesque scene and the long distance views to development in the east is visually exciting. The valley floor comprises a mosaic of villages, agriculture, open storage yards and other development.

10.5.4.5 The proposed DBL extends from the foothills of Tai Lam Country Park at Lam Tei and flies across at elevation to meet the foothills of Yuen Tau Shan. It then skirts the valley floor and generally follows the contours and horizontal alignment of the foothills both at grade and elevated in some areas.

10.5.4.6 The major visual impacts are expected at Lam Tei where it cuts across the valley floor at a high elevation. To add to this impact, the Lam Tei interchange on/off ramps and proposed noise barriers will contribute markedly to this impact.

10.5.4.7 By its location at the interface of the foothills and valley floor at Ha Tsuen and by its reduced elevation, visual impact here will be reduced. The present proliferation of open storage yards and other negative visual resources adjacent to its alignment in this area results in expected reduction in visual incompatibility. That is, the road form and structure will not be as visually contrasting as opposed to say being surrounded by natural woodland.

10.5.4.8 Consideration, however, must be given to the future HSK NDA which will occupy much of the valley floor adjacent to the road alignment. At present minimal detail as to the form of development within the NDA is available and certain assumptions are made to estimate the future visual conditions. In the future scenario, the DBL will be seen in conjunction with the extensive infrastructure development associated with the HSK NDA. This is an important consideration in assessing the visual impacts in this area.

10.5.5 Landscape Sensitivity to Change

10.5.5.1 The landscape resources that will be affected during the construction phase and operation phase, together with their sensitivity to change, are listed in Table 10.5. For ease of reference and co-ordination between text, tables and figures each landscape resource is given an identity number.

10.5.5 Zone of Visual Influence (ZVI)

10.5.5.1 The ZVI does not vary between the construction and operational phases. The ZVI for both phases is illustrated in Figure 10.5.12. Due to the large flat valley area and the length of the proposed road, the ZVI is quite extensive and is generally defined by the following:

• in the north by the coastal edge;
• in the west by the ridgeline of Yuen Tau Shan and villages around San Hing Tsuen;
• in the south by the ridgeline of Tai Lam foothills; and
• in the east by Tin Shui Wai.

10.5.6 Key Visually Sensitive Receivers (VSRs)

10.5.6.1 Table 10.3 list the key VSRs found within the ZVI's for the construction phase and operational phase. For ease of reference, each VSR is given an identity number, which is used in the table and also in Figure 10.5.12. Table 10.3a summarises the characteristics of key views as seen in the photomontages.

* As the Bay is very shallow, marine craft are limited to the Southern Navigation Channel (HKSAR) and the Northern Navigation Channel. Since it is adjacent to the HKSAR / Shenzhen border, traffic is restricted. Only cargo and other commercial vessels are expected to be impacted upon.

Table 10.3a Characteristics of Key Views (refer to Figures 10.7.14 – 10.7.37)

10.6 Construction Impacts

10.6.0 Potential Sources of Impacts during Construction Phase

10.6.0.1 Briefly, the proposed DBL would involve construction of:

• The Deep Bay Link mainline which is a dual-3 lane standard road;
• Lam Tei Interchange- including road decks, parapets, ramps, columns, etc;
• Cut slope works in the slopes adjacent to Ha Tsuen and San Sang San Tsuen and the valley and ridge adjacent to Ngau Hom Shek;
• A helipad and access track at Ha Tsuen;
• A small maintenance area at Ha Tsuen;
• Some minor retaining walls at the bottom of cut slopes;
• Construction access roads;
• Temporary Works Areas

10.6.0.2 These key elements are described more fully in other chapters of this report. The extent of the above works is indicated in Figures 10.6.1 to 10.6.3.

10.6.0.3 The proposed development would create varying levels of impact on the physical landscape and on the visual amenity of the surrounding areas during the construction stage. Potential impacts would result from the following:

• site clearance works involving the removal of existing vegetation;
• construction of site access;
• construction of maintenance access roads;
• excavation works;
• stream diversion and culverting works;
• haulage off-site of excavated materials;
• storage of existing topsoil for reinstatement works;
• materials stockpiling;
• importation and storage of construction equipment and plant;
• the laying down of utilities, including water, drainage and power; and
• construction of temporary parking areas, on site accommodation and working areas.
• night lighting.
• Site formation works such as embankments and retaining structures.

10.6.1 Nature and Magnitude of Landscape Impacts in Construction Phase (see Table 10.5)

Landform (L10)

10.6.1.1 Some impacts are expected on the form of the topography within the DBL alignment. These are described below:

10.6.1.2 For a length of approximately 500m, the road is to be constructed in the small valley located just south of Ngau Hom Shek. Some of the road is elevated on columns but there is substantial slope cutting to hillsides, excavation and filling to the valley bottom. It is estimated approximately 28,000 square metres of landscape will be affected. It is considered that that this impact will be permanent and irreversible. Topographic magnitude of change during construction is expected to be intermediate.

10.6.1.3 North of San Wai Sewerage Treatment Plant there are two on/off ramps leading to Ha Tsuen. In addition, an access track to a proposed emergency helicopter pad is also proposed. These facilities will have additional, though intermediate change to the topography of the area. Quantity of the area affected is included in the above figure.

10.6.1.4 There will be some minor embankment, cut and fill slopes created at the edges of the access way to the existing San Wai Sewerage Chamber which is to remain after construction. The sensitivity is medium and the magnitude of change is expected to be small.

10.7.1.5 Along the length of the road from San Wai Sewerage Treatment Plant to San Sang San Tsuen there are minor cut and fill slope works associated with the road (say 10,000 square metres). The magnitude of change in the topography is expected to be negligible to small.

10.6.1.5 Future Route 10 connection will affect more than 4,000 square metres of landform and will involve substantial slope cutting.

Vegetation

10.6.1.6 There is expected to be some minor impact upon the mangrove areas located on the coastline of Ngau Hom Shek (L1). This will be due to the construction of the SWC. The impact is expected to be moderate and temporary. An area of approximately 2,500 square metres could be affected. The sensitivity is high, the magnitude of change here is considered intermediate and unmitigated impact significance moderate.

10.6.1.7 Within the DBL alignment, permanent and irreversible impact to the marsh & wet agriculture (L3) within the study area. Approximately 5,000 square metres of marsh and wet agriculture areas will be permanently lost. The unmitigated magnitude of the impact here is considered small. Marsh associated with the Ngau Hom Shek east stream is expected to be affected. However, the marsh can be re-created and a wetland compensatory scheme is expected to be included within this project (refer to ecological impact report). Magnitude of change is expected to be small with a high sensitivity and an unmitigated impact significance of slight/moderate.

10.6.1.8 Permanent and irreversible impact is expected to some agriculture, orchards and plantation areas (L4). Approximately 59,000m² of agriculture, 10,000m² of orchards and 32,000m²of plantation area is expected to be lost. Totalling 101,000m² (10.1 Ha). The sensitivity of this resource is high. The magnitude of the change here is considered intermediate and unmitigated impact significance moderate/substantial.

10.6.1.9 Approximately 101,000m² of grassland and low scrub (L7) is expected to be impacted upon. Some impacts are expected on the form of the topography and grassland on the ridge east of the interface with the DBL alignment. In this area, the road will be cut into a ridge adjacent Ngau Hom Shek. Similar cutting will be expected at the head of this valley near Ha Tsuen. The rest of grassland/scrub affected occurs at the lower slopes. Much of the grassland located at these is highly disturbed and of generally a poor quality. It is considered the interesting topography combined with the grassland is of a greater landscape value. The sensitivity of this resource is high. The magnitude of change here is considered intermediate and unmitigated impact significance moderate.

10.6.1.10 Areas of woodland (L8) including groups of trees will also be affected within the alignment. Approximately 12,000m² will be impacted upon. Only fringe areas of woodland are expected to be lost. The sensitivity of this resource is high. The magnitude of change here is considered intermediate and unmitigated impact significance moderate/substantial.

10.6.1.11 There are a total 5,829 trees within the proposed alignment. These include native woodland, orchard and plantation trees. Of these, 1,671 trees are proposed to be retained, 373 transplanted and 3,785 are proposed to be felled. A proposed 6,473 new trees are proposed within the Compensatory and Master Landscape Plan. Most of these will be native woodland species and, whilst many will be planted as early as possible in the construction phase, it is expected most will be planted at the latter stages.

Mud Flats

10.6.1.12 Approximately 7,500 square metres of mudflats (L2) is expected to be affected due to the construction of bridge piers in the inter-tidal zone. The sensitivity of this resource is high. The magnitude of the change here is considered intermediate and unmitigated impact significance moderate/substantial.

Fish Ponds

10.6.1.13 Some impact is expected on active and abandoned fish ponds (L5). Approximately 7,300m² of ponds will be lost. Many have been abandoned or are currently being filled in. The sensitivity of this resource is medium. The magnitude of change here is considered intermediate and unmitigated impact significance moderate.

Stream Channels

10.6.1.14 Approximately 2km of stream channel (L6) is expected to be affected to some extent. The Ngau Hom Shek east stream will be heavily disturbed but there is potential to restore it. This will be undertaken via the wetland compensation scheme proposed under this project. Other streams affected are mostly channelised in some form. The sensitivity of this resource is high. The magnitude of change here is considered intermediate and unmitigated impact significance moderate.

Village / Residential / Warehouse /Factory/ Roads and Similar Developments

10.6.1.15 The buildings and human settlements (L9) along the alignment of the DBL will experience a large magnitude of change. However, due to their low sensitivity to change they will only experience a slight to moderate impact significance before mitigation.

Landscape Character

10.6.1.16 Generally, the unmitigated impact upon the overall landscape character will vary from slight to substantial. Village areas within the alignment, as well as rural and natural areas such as the valley south of Ngau Hom Shek and Tseung Kong Wai, will experience permanent and irreversible substantial impact. Other areas, such as open storage yards and the Lam Tei Quarry will experience negligible to slight impact.

LC1: Agricultural Coastal Lowland
10.6.1.17 The character of the agricultural coastal lowland will be significantly affected. This will primarily be limited to areas immediately adjacent to Ngau Hom Shek. The sensitivity of this resource is medium. The magnitude of change expected is intermediate and the unmitigated impact will be moderate.

LC2: Greenbelt Foothills
10.6.1.18 The character of the greenbelt foothills adjacent to Ngau Hom Shek will be modified by some slope cutting, loss of vegetation and the construction of an incongruous, significantly large, linear structure. This will affect the character of the area. The sensitivity of this resource is high. The magnitude of change expected is small and the unmitigated impact will be slight/moderate.

LC3: Village Coastal Lowland
10.6.1.19 The character of the village coastal lowland to Ngau Hom Shek will be modified by the construction of an incongruous, significantly large, linear structure, temporary works areas, additional construction traffic, storage of construction material and general loss of vegetation. The sensitivity of this resource is medium. The magnitude of change expected is large and the unmitigated impact will be moderate/substantial.

LC4: Sea Edge
10.6.1.20 The Sea Edge will be modified by the construction of an incongruous, significantly large, linear structure, the loss of mangrove and other coastal vegetation, and the disturbance to the mud flats. The sensitivity of this resource is high. The magnitude of change expected is intermediate and the unmitigated large will be moderate/substantial.

LC5: Valley Lowland Agriculture
10.6.1.21 The character of the valley lowland agriculture will be modified by the construction of an incongruous, significantly large, linear structure, temporary works areas, additional construction traffic, storage of construction material and general loss of vegetation. The sensitivity of this resource is medium. The magnitude of change expected is small and the unmitigated impact will be slight/moderate.

LC6: Valley Lowland Mosaic
10.6.1.22 The character of the valley lowland mosaic will be modified by the construction of an incongruous, significantly large, linear structure, temporary works areas, additional construction traffic, storage of construction material and some loss of vegetation and small scale structures. Much of the area which will be affected includes open storage areas and light industrial areas. The sensitivity of this resource is low. The magnitude of change expected is small and the unmitigated impact will be negligible/slight.

LC7: Lam Tei
10.6.1.23 The character of the Lam Tei area will be significantly modified by the construction of an incongruous, significantly large, linear structure, temporary works areas, additional construction traffic, storage of construction material and some loss of vegetation and small scale structures. The sensitivity of this resource is medium. The magnitude of change expected is intermediate and the unmitigated impact will be moderate.

LC8: Greenbelt / Country Park Uplands
10.6.1.24 The character of the uplands area will not be directly affected by the construction of the DBL. The sensitivity of this resource is high. The visual affect of the DBL upon these areas is expected to be negligible.

Cumulative Impacts

10.6.1.25 Impacts associated with related developments are described below.

• Existing buffer planting located adjacent to the Yuen Long Highway will be impacted upon. The future widening of the road will greatly impact upon this planting. Sufficient detail of the proposed Route 10 development is not available to accurately assess the impacts of this road. It is expected, however, a significant area of woodland (2Ha) and topography will be lost from the connection with DBL.
• Impacts associated with Yuen Long Road widening are also expected. This will principally involve roadside buffer trees planting and would be readily replaceable given sufficient roadside space.
• Impacts associated with the SWC include impacts to landscape resources (mud flats and mangroves) and visual impacts to several VSRs. The most substantial impacts occur to travellers (walkers and by vehicle) within the coastal protection area and Greenbelt, villagers of Ngau Hom Shek and marine craft. However, the bridge is being designed as a landmark structure and positive attributes will be perceived by several VSRs.
• Impacts associated with the connection with Route 10 are expected to be substantial. There is expected to be large areas of cut slopes and this will result in substantial loss of woodland in the area south of Yuen Long Highway. Design development of Route 10 and its connection with DBL is yet to be resolved.

10.6.1.26 Overall, the unmitigated magnitude of change during construction will, collectively, be intermediate.

10.6.2 Nature & Magnitude of Visual Impacts in Construction Phase

Residential

10.6.2.1 Residents in the coastal Protection area and Agricultural area at Ngau Hom Shek (VSR1) will have direct, short range views to the construction works which is immediately adjacent or very close to several receivers. There is expected to be a large magnitude of change.

10.6.2.2 Residents in existing villages and CDA east of HSK NDA (VSR3) will have intermittent, distant views to the DBL which will mostly be screened by the containers within the open storage areas. Magnitude of change is expected to be small.

10.6.2.3 Residents in the proposed residential and community facilties and within the proposed village type development at HSK NDA (VSR5 & 6) will not be subjected to the construction works due to the fact that the DBL road will be completed prior to these facilities being completed for occupancy.

10.6.2.4 Residents in village type development at Fui Sha Wai (VSR9) will have intermittent, very distant views to the DBL which will mostly be screened by the containers within the open storage areas and other structures. Magnitude of change is expected to be negligible.

10.6.2.5 Residents in the residential development east of San Hing Tsuen and undetermined area northwest of San Hing Tsuen (VSR11) will have direct, close views to the DBL which will be elevated adjacent to this receiver. Magnitude of change is expected to be intermediate.

10.6.2.6 Residents in the developments and CDA area east of Lam Tei Tsuen (VSR12) will have direct, very close views to the DBL and Lam Tei interchange which will be elevated adjacent to this receiver. Magnitude of change is expected to be Large.

10.6.2.7 Residents in high rise residential development at Tin Shui Wai (VSR16) will have intermittent, very distant views to the DBL. Magnitude of change is expected to be Small.

Occupational

10.6.2.8 Workers in proposed other specified land uses at HSK NDA (VSR4) will not be subjected to the construction works due to the fact that the DBL road will be complete prior to these facilities being completed for occupancy.

10.6.2.9 Workers in proposed possible extension to HSK NDA (VSR8) will not be subjected to the construction works due to the fact that the DBL road will be complete prior to these facilities being completed for occupancy.

Recreational

10.6.2.10 Walkers in the greenbelt and conservation area at Ngau Hom Shek and Yuen Tau Shan (VSR2) would have intermittent but close views to the construction works. However, very few people walk in these areas due to the presence of grave sites and its isolated nature and much of the area has already been disturbed to some extent. Magnitude of change is expected to be Small.

10.6.2.11 Walkers in the proposed amenity areas at HSK NDA (VSR7) will not be subjected to the construction works due to the fact that the DBL road will be complete prior to these facilities being completed for occupancy.

10.6.2.12 Walkers in the greenbelt and conservation area south of Yuen Long Highway (VSR10) would have intermittent but close views to the construction works. However, very few people walk in these areas due to the presence of grave sites and its isolated nature and much of the area has already been disturbed to some extent. Magnitude of change is expected to be Small.

10.6.2.13 Walkers in the greenbelt north of Yuen Long Highway (VSR14) will not be subjected to the construction works due to the fact that the DBL road will be complete prior to these facilities being completed for occupancy.

10.6.2.14 Walkers in the greenbelt south of To Yuen Wai (VSR15) would have direct, close views to the construction works. However, very few people walk in this area and the existing Yuen Long Highway means that significant changes are not expected. Magnitude of change is expected to be small.

10.6.2.15 Walkers in Tai Lam Country Park (VSR17) would have intermittent, direct views to the construction works of the DBL and Lam Tei interchange. The distance and topography (in addition to the vegetation) means that views will be rare. They will also look down onto a valley floor that has already been significantly developed. Magnitude of change is expected to be small.

Travellers

10.6.2.16 Travellers on Deep Bay Road (T1) would have intermittent, single vista views to the construction works of the DBL mainline. Views from the road approaching Ngau Hom Shek will more likely be dominated by the SWC. Magnitude of change is expected to be small.

10.6.2.17 Travellers on Yuen Long Highway (T2) would have direct views to the construction works of the DBL mainline and Lam Tei interchange. Views from the road approaching Lam Tei interchange will be dramatically interrupted by the construction of ramps, elevated road decks and other structures. Views will be seen against a backdrop of adjacent developments. Magnitude of change is expected to be intermediate.

10.6.2.18 Travellers on Castle Peak (T3) would have intermittent views to the construction works of the DBL mainline and Lam Tei interchange. Views from the road approaching Lam Tei interchange will be interrupted by the construction of ramps, elevated road decks and other structures. Views will be seen against a backdrop of adjacent developments. Magnitude of change is expected to be small.

10.6.2.19 Travellers on the proposed West Rail (T4) would have intermittent views to the construction works of the DBL mainline and Lam Tei interchange. Views from the train approaching Hung Shui Kiu will be interrupted by the construction of ramps, elevated road decks and other structures. Views will be seen against a backdrop of adjacent development. Magnitude of change is expected to be small.

10.6.2.20 Travellers on Deep Bay Link (T5) will not be subject to impacts resulting from construction.

10.6.3 Mitigation Measures in Construction Phase

10.6.3.1 Recommended landscape and visual mitigation measures for impacts caused during the construction process are described in Table 10.4 together with the associated implementation agency.

Programme of Implementation of Mitigation Measures in Construction Phase

10.6.3.2 The measures listed in Table 10.4 should be adopted from the commencement of construction and should be in place throughout the entire construction period. Programme of implementation is provided elsewhere in this report. The proposed landscape and visual mitigation measures in the construction phase are illustrated in Figures 10.6.1 to 10.6.3.

10.6.4 Prediction of Significance of Landscape Impacts in Construction Phase

10.6.4.1 The potential significance of the landscape impacts during the construction phase, before and after mitigation, were previously explained in 10.6.1 and are summarised below in Table 10.5 and illustrated in Figures 10.6.4 to 10.6.6. This assessment follows the methodology outlined in Section 10.3.2 and assumes that the appropriate mitigation measures identified in Table 10.4 above would be implemented.

Notes : 

(1) All impacts are negative / adverse unless otherwise stated
(2) Source of landscape impact on all resources / character areas would be construction of bridge & elevated road including piers, columns road platform, earthworks including slope cuts, retaining walls, temporary works areas and associated activities.
(3) Extent of loss is equal to the total area of the landscape resource that would be affected by the temporary and permanent works.
(4) Impact must be considered collectively with the SWC bridge.
(5) Impact must be considered collectively with the proposed widening of Yuen Long Highway and Route 10 scope of works.

10.6.5 Prediction of Significance of Visual Impacts in Construction Phase

10.6.5.1 The potential significance of the residual visual impacts during the construction phase, before and after mitigation, are briefly described below, provided in detail in Table 10.6, and illustrated in Figures 10.6.4 to 10.6.6. This assessment follows the methodology outlined in Section 10.3.2 and assumes that the appropriate mitigation measures identified in Table 10.4 above would be implemented. The effect of the mitigation measures will be to reduce the potential visual impacts in varying degrees.

Residential

10.6.5.2 Residents in the coastal Protection area and Agricultural area at Ngau Hom Shek (VSR1) will have direct, short range views to the construction works which is immediately adjacent or very close to several receivers. The sensitivity of this VSR is high. There is expected to be a intermediate magnitude of change after mitigation with residual impact significance being moderate.

10.6.5.3 Residents in existing villages and CDA east of HSK NDA (VSR3) will have intermittent, distant views to the DBL which will mostly be screened by the containers within the open storage areas. The sensitivity of this VSR is high. There is expected to be a small magnitude of change after mitigation with residual impact significance being slight/moderate.

10.6.5.4 Residents in the residential and community facilities and within the proposed village type development at HSK NDA (VSR5 & 6) will not be subjected to the construction works due to the fact that the DBL road will be complete prior to these facilities being completed for occupancy. The sensitivity of these VSRs is high.

10.6.5.5 Residents in village type development at Fui Sha Wai (VSR9) will have intermittent, very distant views to the DBL which will mostly be screened by the containers within the open storage areas and other structures. The sensitivity of this VSR is high. There is expected to be a negligible magnitude of change after mitigation with residual impact significance being negligible.

10.6.5.6 Residents in the residential development east of San Hing Tsuen and undetermined area northwest of San Hing Tsuen (VSR11) will have direct, close views to the construction of the DBL which will be elevated adjacent to this receiver. The sensitivity of this VSR is high. There is expected to be a intermediate magnitude of change after mitigation with residual impact significance being moderate/substantial.

10.6.5.7 Residents in the developments and CDA area east of Lam Tei Tsuen (VSR12) will have direct, very close views to the DBL and Lam tei interchange which will be elevated adjacent to this receiver. The sensitivity of this VSR is high. There is expected to be a large magnitude of change after mitigation with residual impact significance being substantial.

10.6.5.8 Residents in high rise residential development at Tin Shui Wai (VSR16) will have intermittent, very distant views to the DBL. The sensitivity of this VSR is high. There is expected to be a small magnitude of change after mitigation with residual impact significance being negligible/slight.

Occupational

10.6.5.9 Workers in proposed other specified land uses at HSK NDA (VSR4) will not be subjected to the construction works due to the fact that the DBL road will be complete prior to these facilities being completed for occupancy. The sensitivity of this VSR is low.

10.6.5.10 Workers in proposed possible extension to HSK NDA (VSR8) will not be subjected to the construction works due to the fact that the DBL road will be complete prior to these facilities being completed for occupancy. The sensitivity of this VSR is low.

Recreational

10.6.5.11 Walkers in the greenbelt and conservation area at Ngau Hom Shek and Yuen Tau Shan (VSR2) would have intermittent but close views to the construction works. However, very few people walk in these areas due to the presence of grave sites and its isolated nature and much of the area has already been disturbed to some extent. There is expected to be a small magnitude of change after mitigation with residual impact significance being negligible/slight. The sensitivity of this VSR is low.

10.6.5.12 Walkers in proposed amenity areas at HSK NDA (VSR7) will not be subjected to the construction works due to the fact that the DBL road will be complete prior to these facilities being completed for occupancy. The sensitivity of this VSR is high.

10.6.5.13 Walkers in the greenbelt and conservation area south of Yuen Long Highway (VSR10) would have intermittent but close views to the construction works. However, very few people walk in these areas due to the presence of grave sites and its isolated nature and much of the area has already been disturbed to some extent. The sensitivity of this VSR is low. There is expected to be a small magnitude of change after mitigation with residual impact significance being negligible/slight.

10.6.5.14 Walkers in the greenbelt north of Yuen Long Highway (VSR14) will not be subjected to the construction works due to the fact that the DBL road will be complete prior to these facilities being completed for occupancy. The sensitivity of this VSR is low.

10.6.5.15 Walkers in the greenbelt south of To Yuen Wai (VSR15) would have direct, close views to the construction works. However, very few people walk in this area and the existing Yuen Long Highway means that significant changes are not expected. There is expected to be a small magnitude of change after mitigation with residual impact significance being negligible/slight. The sensitivity of this VSR is low.

10.6.5.16 Walkers in Tai Lam Country Park (VSR17) would have intermittent, direct views to the construction works of the DBL and Lam Tei interchange. The distance and topography (in addition to the vegetation) means that views will be rare. They will also look down onto a valley floor that has already been significantly developed. There is expected to be a small magnitude of change after mitigation with residual impact significance being slight/moderate. The sensitivity of this VSR is high.

Travellers

10.6.5.17 Travellers on Deep Bay Road (T1) would have intermittent, single vista views to the construction works of the DBL mainline. Views from the road approaching Ngau Hom Shek will more likely be dominated by the SWC. There is expected to be a small magnitude of change after mitigation with residual impact significance being negligible/slight. The sensitivity of this VSR is low.

10.6.5.18 Travellers on Yuen Long Highway (T2) would have direct views to the construction works of the DBL mainline and Lam Tei interchange. Views from the road approaching Lam Tei interchange will be dramatically interrupted by the construction of ramps, elevated road decks and other structures. Views will be seen against a backdrop of adjacent development. There is expected to be a intermediate magnitude of change after mitigation with residual impact significance being slight/moderate. The sensitivity of this VSR is low.

10.6.5.19 Travellers on Castle Peak (T3) would have intermittent views to the construction works of the DBL mainline and Lam Tei interchange. Views from the road approaching Lam Tei interchange will be interrupted by the construction of ramps, elevated road decks and other structures. Views will be seen against a backdrop of adjacent development. There is expected to be a small magnitude of change after mitigation with residual impact significance being negligible/slight. The sensitivity of this VSR is low.

10.6.5.20 Travellers on the proposed West Rail (T4) would have intermittent views to the construction works of the DBL mainline and Lam Tei interchange. Views from the train approaching Hung Shui Kiu will be interrupted by the construction of ramps, elevated road decks and other structures. Views will be seen against a backdrop of adjacent development. There is expected to be a small magnitude of change after mitigation with residual impact significance being negligible/slight. The sensitivity of this VSR is low.

10.6.5.21 Travellers on Deep Bay Link (T5) will not be subject to impacts resulting from construction.

10.6.5.22 The assessment of visual impacts during Construction Phase on VSR's within the HSK NDA are subject to the programming of construction works of the HSK NDA developments. Currently, Road P1 and adjacent areas of HSK NDA are scheduled not commence before 2006. The proposed completion date for DBL is mid 2006. Therefore, depending upon phasing and programming of development in the HSK NDA, construction impacts to these VSRs may be irrelevant.

10.6.6 Cumulative Construction Impacts

10.6.6.1 Cumulative construction impacts are expected as a result of construction of the SWC at Ngau Hom Shek where the works identified under the DBL in this EIA study up to a point 350m inland from the coastline will be entrusted to the SWC. Construction of the elevated decks and bridge structures in Deep Bay under the SWC will also result in significant visual impact upon residents at Ngau Hom Shek (VSR1). Small impacts are expected upon the residents at Tin Shui Wai (VSR16). In addition, walkers in the greenbelt and conservation area at Ngau Hom Shek will also be affected.

10.6.6.2 Cumulative construction impacts are also expected as a result of the widening of Yuen Long Highway. These work at Lam Tei interchange are entrusted to the DBL. These will affect residents at San Hing Tsuen (VSR11) and at Lam Tei (VSR12) as well as surrounding recreational receivers.

Notes : 

(1) All impacts are negative / adverse unless otherwise stated
(2) Source of landscape impact on all VSRs would be construction of bridge & elevated road including piers, columns road platform, earthworks, temporary works areas and associated activities.
(3) Impacts must be considered in relation to the current negative visual impact at existing open storage yards.
(4) Impacts must be considered collectively with the SWC works.
(5) Impacts must be considered collectively with Route 10 and Yuen Long Highway widening works.
(6) The assessment of visual impacts during construction phase upon VSR's within the HSK NDA are subject to the programming of construction works of the HSK NDA developments. During construction it is not anticipated that there will be any visual impact upon HSK NDA VSRs'

10.7 Operational Impacts

10.7.0 Potential Sources of Impacts in Operational Phase

10.7.0.1 The sources of impacts of the project at the operational stage are illustrated in Figures 10.6.1 to 10.6.3.7. Additional details are provided in the Master Landscape Plans (Refer Appendix- Master Landscape Plans).

• A dual 3-lane mainline with bridge structures linking the proposed SWC at Ngau Hom Shek with the Yuen Long Highway. Most of the mainline is a viaduct structure. Two sections, one at San Sang San Tsuen and another north of San Wai Sewerage Treatment Plant are constructed on grade for a length of 500m and 4200m respectively.
• The mainline is comprised of 2 joined decks each approximately 16.5m wide (total 33m). Each deck consists of 3 lanes (11m) a hard shoulder (3.3m), a marginal strip (1m) and parapet structures. Parapets are typically 2m in height (1.1m above deck level).
• On/Off ramps of smaller dimensions are located at the Lam Tei and HSK Interchanges. There are also two on/off ramps located at Ha Tsuen.
• The decks are supported on columns at 30-40m spacings generally. The location and spacing of the columns is dependent upon the existing and proposed ground conditions, drainage requirements, etc. The height of the columns varies according to existing and proposed conditions. At Lam Tei, one of the highest elevations of the road, the deck reaches approximately 41mPD. This translates into a column height of approximately 28 metres.
• Columns are typically of oval cross section and are 1m by 1.5m at the base splaying out to 2.5m wide at the top.
• Noise barriers are proposed to almost all sections of the road and ramps at the Lam Tei Intersection to San Sang San Tsuen. There are 3 types of noise barriers proposed (ranging in height from 2m to 5.5m) and a semi-enclosure (approximately 200m in length) is proposed to be located near San Sang San Tsuen at the point where the road is closest to proposed residential development of the HSK NDA. Details of the barriers are included in Section 3 (Noise Impact Assessment) and illustrated in Figures 10.6.3.5 to 10.6.3.7. A summary of noise barriers is provided below in Table 10.7.

• In addition, there are noise barriers proposed on the YLH. These range in height from 3m to 6m vertical barriers and a cantilever barrier of 5.5m with a 2.5m extension. These noise barriers are to be implemented by Yuen Long Highway Widening Project as recommended in its EIA Report exhibited under EIAO. For details, refer to 'Widening of Yuen Long Highway between Lam Tei and Shap Pat Heung Interchange Preliminary Design and Ground Investigation Assignment, Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report - December 2001'.
• The Helipad and access track to the north of San Wai Sewerage Treatment plant is proposed. The track will be approx. 5m wide with a length of 350m.
• The re-provisioning and modification works to San Wai Sewage Treatment Work and the permanent access ways;
• Night lighting from street light poles located along the outer edge of each deck. These shall be approximately 12m high and at 15m spacings generally.
• An area for maintenance and service facilities is proposed just north of the San Wai Treatment plant. This has an area of 7,500m² located at grade underneath the mainline and is accessed by roads to Ha Tsuen and on/off ramps to the mainline.
• Cut slopes are proposed in the area to the ridgeline to the south of Ngau Hom Shek and to the hillsides to the north of the San Wai Sewerage Treatment plan. The most substantial of these is 29m high and approximately 80m long. Additional cut slopes are proposed at San Sang San Tsuen. In total approximately 18,000m² of land area will be affected by cut slopes. The direct impacts upon landscape resources are also quantified in Table 10.9 and illustrated in the Master Landscape Plans.
• The proposed completion date for DBL is mid 2006. Construction for Road P1 of HSK NDA will not commence until after 2006. It is envisaged that mitigation measures proposed for DBL will be relatively well established by the time Road P1's construction has been completed. The 3D visual simulations for viewpoints from HSK NDA (Figures 10.7.28 to 10.7.33) indicate that planting will screen Road P1 from relevant VSRs at Year 10 Year (2016).

10.7.1 Nature and Magnitude of Landscape Impacts in Operation Phase (see Table 10.9)

Landform (L10)

10.7.1.1 Some impacts are expected on the form of the topography within the DBL alignment. These are described below:

10.7.1.2 For a length of approximately 500m, the road is to be constructed in the small valley located just south of Ngau Hom Shek. Some of the road is elevated on columns but there is substantial slope cutting to hillsides, excavation and filling to the valley bottom. It is estimated approximately 28,000 square metres of landscape will be affected. It is considered that that this impact will be permanent and irreversible. Topographic magnitude of change during operation is expected to be intermediate.

10.7.1.3 North of San Wai Sewerage Treatment Plant there are two on/off ramps leading to Ha Tsuen. In addition, an access track to a proposed emergency helicopter pad is also proposed. These facilities will have additional, though intermediate change to the topography of the area. Quantity of the area affected is included in the above figure.

10.7.1.4 There will be some minor embankment, cut and fill slopes created at the edges of the access way to the existing San Wai Sewerage Chamber which is to remain after construction. The magnitude of change is expected to be small.

10.7.1.5 Along the length of the road from San Wai Sewerage Treatment Plant to San Sang San Tsuen there are minor cut and fill slope works associated with the road (say 10,000 square metres). The sensitivity of this resource is medium. The magnitude of change in the topography is expected to be negligible to small. Impact significance after mitigation will be slight / moderate.

Vegetation

10.7.1.6 There is expected to be some minor impact upon the mangrove areas located on the coastline of Ngau Hom Shek (L1). This will be due to the construction of the SWC. The impact is expected to be moderate and temporary. An area of approximately 2,500 square metres could be affected. The sensitivity of this resource is high. The magnitude of change here is considered intermediate and unmitigated impact significance moderate/substantial. Mitigation after construction will include re-planting of mangroves. The condition will improve as they establish. Mitigated significance is considered moderate/substantial.

10.7.1.7 Within the DBL alignment, permanent and irreversible impact to the marsh & wet agriculture (L3) within the study area. Approximately 5,000m² of marsh and wet agriculture areas will be permanently lost. Marsh associated with the Ngau Hom Shek east stream is expected to be affected. The sensitivity of this resource is high. However, the marsh can be re-created and a wetland compensatory scheme is expected to be included within this project (refer to ecological impact report) The recreated marsh is expected to be located adjacent to the DBL alignment at Ngau Hom Shek after construction. Magnitude of change is expected to be small and unmitigated impact significance slight/moderate.

10.7.1.8 Permanent and irreversible impact is expected to some agriculture, orchards and plantation areas (L4). Approximately 59,000m² of agriculture, 10,000m² of orchards and 32,000m² of plantation area is expected to be lost. Totalling 101,000m² The sensitivity of this resource is high. The magnitude of the change here is considered intermediate and the unmitigated impact significance slight/moderate. Mitigation measures will include substantial compensatory planting (refer to Master Landscape Plans).

10.7.1.9 Approximately 10,100m² of grassland and low scrub (L7) is expected to be impacted upon. Some impacts are expected on the form of the topography and grassland on the ridge east of the interface with the DBL alignment. The sensitivity of this resource is medium. In this area, the road will be cut into a ridge adjacent Ngau Hom Shek. Similar cutting will be expected at the head of this valley near Ha Tsuen. The rest of grassland/scrub affected occurs at the lower slopes. Much of the grassland located at these is highly disturbed and of generally a poor quality. It is considered the interesting topography combined with the grassland is of a greater landscape value. The magnitude of change here is considered intermediate and unmitigated impact significance moderate. Mitigation measures will include bio-engineering and hydroseeding of slopes and replanting of grassland/scrub/trees within affected areas.

10.7.1.10 Areas of woodland (L8) including groups of trees will also be affected within the alignment. Approximately 12,000m² will be impacted upon. Only fringe areas of woodland are expected to be lost. The sensitivity of this resource is high. The magnitude of change here is considered intermediate and the unmitigated impact significance moderate/substantial. Mitigation will include transplanting of existing mature tree stock and the provision of new woodland planting and amenity trees.

10.7.1.11 There are a total 5,829 trees within the proposed alignment. These include native woodland, orchard and plantation trees. Of these, 1,671 trees are proposed to be retained, 373 transplanted and 3,785 are proposed to be felled. A proposed 6,473 new trees are proposed within the Compensatory and Master Landscape Plan. Most of these will be native woodland species.

Mud Flats

10.7.1.12 Approximately 7,500 square metres of mudflats (L2) is expected to be affected due to the construction of bridge piers in the inter-tidal zone. The sensitivity of this resource is high. The magnitude of the change here is considered intermediate and unmitigated impact significance moderate/substantial. Mitigation will include re-contouring of mudflats after construction.

Fish Ponds

10.7.1.13 Some impact is expected on active and abandoned fish ponds (L5). Approximately 7,300 square metres of ponds will be lost. Many have been abandoned or are currently being filled in. The sensitivity of this resource is medium. The magnitude of change here is considered intermediate and the unmitigated impact significance moderate.

Stream Channels

10.7.1.14 Approximately 2km of stream channel (L6) is expected to be affected to some extent. The Ngau Hom Shek east stream will be heavily disturbed but there is potential to restore it. This will be undertaken via the wetland compensation scheme proposed under this project. Other streams affected are mostly channelised in some form. The sensitivity of this resource is high. The magnitude of change here is considered intermediate and the unmitigated impact significance moderate/substantial. Mitigation will include re-chanelling affected streams. Mitigated impact signicance is considered moderate/substantial.

Village / Residential / Warehouse /Factory/ Roads and Similar Developments

10.7.1.15 The buildings and human settlements (L9) along the alignment of the DBL will experience an intermediate magnitude of change during the operational phase. However, due to their low sensitivity to change they will only experience a slight to moderate impact significance after mitigation.

Landscape Character

10.7.1.16 Generally, the unmitigated impact upon the overall landscape character will vary from slight to substantial. (See 10.7.0.1 for Potential Sources of Impact). Village areas within the alignment, as well as rural and natural areas such as the valley south of Ngau Hom Shek and Tseung Kong Wai, will experience permanent and irreversible substantial impact. Other areas, such as open storage yards and the Lam Tei Quarry will experience negligible to slight impact.

LC1: Agricultural Coastal Lowland
10.7.1.17 The agricultural coastal lowland will experience changes to its character from the introduction of a large, elevated linear element into the landscape. Columns, road deck, access paths and night lighting will affect this area. The sensitivity of this resource is medium. The magnitude of change is expected to be intermediate and unmitigated impact moderate.

LC2: Greenbelt Foothills
10.7.1.18 The greenbelt foothills will experience changes to its character from the introduction of a large, elevated linear element into the landscape, slope cutting and some land formation. Columns, road deck, access paths, slope cuts, culverting and night lighting will affect this area. The sensitivity of this resource is high. The magnitude of change is expected to be small and unmitigated impact slight/moderate.

LC3: Village Coastal Lowland
10.7.1.19 The Village Coastal Lowland will experience changes to its character from the introduction of a large, elevated linear element into the landscape. Columns, road deck, access paths and night lighting will affect this area. The sensitivity of this resource is medium. The magnitude of change is expected to be large and unmitigated impact moderate/substantial.

LC4: Sea Edge
10.7.1.20 The Sea Edge will experience changes to its character from the introduction of a large, elevated linear element into the landscape. Much of the impact will be from the SWC. Columns, road deck, access paths and night lighting will affect this area. The sensitivity of this resource is high. The magnitude of change is expected to be large and unmitigated impact moderate/substantial.

LC5: Valley Lowland Agriculture
10.7.1.21 The Valley Lowland Agricultural areas will experience changes to its character from the introduction of a large, elevated linear element into the landscape. Columns, road deck, ramps at HSK and Lam Tei interchanges, noise barriers, access paths, maintenance areas, slope cutting, reduction in vegetation, the introduction of a helipad and night lighting will affect these areas. This will be seen in conjuction with existing development such as open storage areas, light industry and other infrastructure (Yuen Long Highway, West rail, Castle Peak Road, etc). The sensitivity of this resource is medium. The magnitude of change is expected to be small and the unmitigated impact slight/moderate.

LC6: Valley Lowland Mosaic
10.7.1.22 The Valley Lowland Mosaic areas will experience changes to its character from the introduction of a large, elevated linear element into the landscape. Columns, road deck, ramps at HSK and Lam tei interchanges, noise barriers, access paths, maintenance areas, slope cutting, reduction in vegetation, the introduction of a helipad and night lighting will affect these areas. This will be seen in conjuction with existing development such as open storage areas, light industry and other infrastructure (Yuen Long Highway, West rail, Castle Peak Road, etc). The sensitivity of this resource is low. The magnitude of change is expected to be small and the unmitigated impact negligible/slight.

LC7: Lam Tei
10.7.1.23 The Lam Tei area will experience changes to its character from the introduction of a large, elevated linear element into the landscape. Columns, road deck, ramps at Lam Tei interchange, noise barriers, access paths, maintenance areas, slope cutting and night lighting will affect these areas. The road will be elevated up to a maximum of 28 metres off the ground with some noise barriers of a height of 5.5m with cantilever 2.5m. This will be seen in conjuction with existing development such as open storage areas, light industry and other infrastructure (Yuen Long Highway, West Rail, Castle Peak Road, etc). The sensitivity of this resource is medium. The magnitude of change is expected to be intermediate and the unmitigated impact moderate.

LC8: Greenbelt / Country Park Uplands
10.7.1.24 The Greenbelt and Country Park Uplands will experience minimal changes to their character from the introduction of a large, elevated linear element into the adjacent landscape. Columns, road deck, ramps at Lam Tei interchange, noise barriers, access paths, maintenance areas, slope cutting and night lighting may affect these areas. This will be seen in against a background of existing development such as open storage areas, light industry and other infrastructure (Yuen Long Highway, West Rail, Castle Peak Road, etc) and residential. The sensitivity of this resource is high. The magnitude of change is expected to be negligible and the unmitigated impact negligible.

Cumulative Impacts

10.7.1.25 Impacts associated with related developments are described below.

• Existing buffer planting located adjacent to the Yuen Long Highway will be impacted upon. The future widening of the road will greatly impact upon this planting. Sufficient detail of the proposed Route 10 development is not available to accurately assess the impacts of this road. It is expected, however, a significant area of woodland (2Ha) and topography will be lost from the connection with DBL.
• Impacts associated with Yuen Long Road widening are also expected. This will principally involve roadside buffer trees planting and would be readily replaceable given sufficient roadside space.
• Impacts associated with the SWC include impacts to landscape resources (mud flats and mangroves) and visual impacts to several VSRs. The most substantial impacts occur to travellers (walkers and by vehicle) within the coastal protection area and Greenbelt, villagers of Ngau Hom Shek and marine craft. However, the bridge is being designed as a landmark structure and positive attributes will be perceived by several VSRs.

10.7.2 Nature and Magnitude of Visual Impacts in Operation Phase

Residential

10.7.2.1 Residents in the Coastal Protection Area and Agricultural area at Ngau Hom Shek (VSR1) will have direct, short range views to the DBL road which is immediately adjacent or very close to several receivers. The sensitivity of this VSR is high. There is expected to be a large magnitude of change.

10.7.2.2 Residents in existing villages and CDA east of HSK NDA (VSR3) will have intermittent, distant views to the DBL which will mostly be screened by the containers within the open storage areas. The sensitivity of this VSR is high. The magnitude of change is expected to be small.

10.7.2.3 Residents in the proposed residential and community facilities and within the village type development at HSK NDA (VSR5 & 6) will have close, direct views of the DBL mainline, HSK and Lam Tei Interchanges. The magnitude of change is expected to be large. The sensitivity of these VSRs is high.

10.7.2.4 Residents in village type development at Fui Sha Wai (VSR9) will have intermittent, very distant views to the DBL which will mostly be screened by the containers within the open storage areas and other structures. The magnitude of change is expected to be negligible. The sensitivity of this VSR is high.

10.7.2.5 Residents in the residential development east of San Hing Tsuen and undetermined area northwest of San Hing Tsuen (VSR11) will have direct, close views to the DBL which will be elevated adjacent to this receiver. Impacts will be the elevated mainline and ramps, columns, noise barriers, night lighting, etc. Magnitude of change is expected to be intermediate. The sensitivity of this VSR is high.

10.7.2.6 Residents in the developments and CDA area east of Lam Tei Tsuen (VSR12) will have direct, very close views to the DBL and Lam Tei interchange which will be elevated adjacent to this receiver. Impacts will be the elevated mainline and ramps, columns, noise barriers, night lighting, etc. Magnitude of change is expected to be large. The sensitivity of this VSR is high.

10.7.2.7 Residents in high rise residential development at Tin Shui Wai (VSR16) will have intermittent, very distant views to the DBL. Magnitude of change is expected to be Small. The sensitivity of this VSR is high.

Occupational

10.7.2.8 Workers in proposed other specified land uses at HSK NDA (VSR4) will have close, direct views of the DBL mainline, helipad, maintenance areas and night lighting. Magnitude of change is expected to be intermediate. The sensitivity of this VSR is low.

10.7.2.9 Workers in proposed possible extension to HSK NDA (VSR8) will have distant, intermittent views of the DBL mainline and night lighting. The magnitude of change is expected to be small. The sensitivity of this VSR is low.

Recreational

10.7.2.10 Walkers in the greenbelt and conservation area at Ngau Hom Shek and Yuen Tau Shan (VSR2) would have intermittent but close views to the DBL mainline. However, very few people walk in these areas due to the presence of grave sites and its isolated nature and much of the area has already been disturbed to some extent. The magnitude of change is expected to be small. The sensitivity of this VSR is low.

10.7.2.11 Walkers in proposed amenity areas at HSK NDA (VSR7) will be significantly affected by the DBL mainline and HSK interchange. Associated noise barriers and semi-enclosure will have a significant affect on the users of this space. The magnitude of change is expected to be large. The sensitivity of this VSR is high.

10.7.2.12 Walkers in the greenbelt and conservation area south of Yuen Long Highway (VSR10) would have intermittent but close views to the construction works. However, very few people walk in these areas due to the presence of grave sites and its isolated nature and much of the area has already been disturbed to some extent (Quarry and similar land uses). The magnitude of change is expected to be small. The sensitivity of this VSR is low.

10.7.2.13 Walkers in the greenbelt north of Yuen Long Highway (VSR14) will be significantly affected by the DBL mainline and Lam Tei Interchange. Associated noise barriers and other structures will have a significant affect on the users of this space. The magnitude of change is expected to be large. The sensitivity of this VSR is low.

10.7.2.14 Walkers in the greenbelt south of To Yuen Wai (VSR15) would have direct, close views to the Lam tei interchange and the widening of Yuen Long Highway. However, very few people walk in this area and the existing Yuen Long Highway means that significant changes are not expected. Magnitude of change is expected to be small. The sensitivity of this VSR is low.

10.7.2.15 Walkers in Tai Lam Country Park (VSR17) would have intermittent, direct views to the DBL and Lam Tei interchange. The distance and topography (in addition to the vegetation) means that views will be rare. They will also look down onto a valley floor that has already been significantly developed. Magnitude of change is expected to be small. The sensitivity of this VSR is high.

Travellers

10.7.2.16 Travellers on Deep Bay Road (T1) would have intermittent, single vista views to the DBL mainline. Views from the road approaching Ngau Hom Shek will more likely be dominated by the SWC. The magnitude of change is expected to be small. The sensitivity of this VSR is low.

10.7.2.17 Travellers on Yuen Long Highway (T2) would have direct views to the DBL mainline and Lam Tei interchange. Views from the road approaching Lam Tei interchange will be dramatically interrupted by the introduction of ramps, elevated road decks, noise barriers and other structures, and night lighting. Views will be seen against a backdrop of adjacent development. The magnitude of change is expected to be intermediate. The sensitivity of this VSR is low.

10.7.2.18 Travellers on Castle Peak (T3) would have intermittent views to the DBL mainline and Lam Tei interchange. Views from the road approaching Lam Tei interchange will be interrupted by the introduction of ramps, elevated road decks, noise barriers and other structures, and night lighting. Views will be seen against a backdrop of adjacent development. The magnitude of change is expected to be small. The sensitivity of this VSR is low.

10.7.2.19 Travellers on the proposed West Rail (T4) would have intermittent views to the DBL mainline and Lam Tei interchange. Views from the road approaching Lam Tei interchange will be interrupted by the introduction of ramps, elevated road decks, noise barriers and other structures, and night lighting. Views will be seen against a backdrop of adjacent development. The magnitude of change is expected to be small. The sensitivity of this VSR is low.

10.7.2.20 Travellers on Deep Bay Link (T5) will have views of the new road, noise barriers from HSK to Lam Tei interchange, a semi-enclosure at HSK near HSK interchange and other structures and night lighting. Positive views over the valley and to Tin Shui Wai and Tai Lam Country Park will be provided to travellers on the road between Ngau Hom Shek and HSK interchange. Negative views will result from the noise barriers. The magnitude of change is expected to be intermediate. The sensitivity of this VSR is low.

10.7.3 Mitigation Measures During the Operation Phase

10.7.3.1 Recommended landscape and visual mitigation measures for impacts caused during the operation phase are described in Table 10.8 below and illustrated in Figures 10.7.1 to 10.7.6. Additional details are provided in the Master Landscape Plans(Appendix). Road sections are provided in Figures 10.8.1 to 10.8.2 to further illustrate mitigation measures. Associated implementation, management and maintenance agencies are identified if applicable.

* These mitigation measures are detailed in the ecological mitigation section of the report. They are included here to indicate that these measures, although primarily ecological, will benefit the landscape resources and character areas.

Planting Proposals

10.7.3.2 Planting proposals are shown on the Landscape Mitigation Measures Plans, Figures 10.7.1 - 10.7.6 The master landscape plan proposals are included in Appendix I. The planting has three objectives :

• to compensate for the loss of existing vegetation,
• to screen sensitive views, and
• as an environmental benefit to local residents, workers, recreational users and tourists.

10.7.3.3 All land disturbed during the course of the works, that will not subsequently be occupied by the permanent works, will be planted with either native woodland or shrub species. As a general approach, where these areas lie within or alongside areas of existing woodland then woodland species will be planted. In areas bordered by tall and low shrub, then appropriate shrub species will be established.

10.7.3.4 The limit of disturbance has to be contained as far as is practical to the alignment of the new road. This results in only a very limited amount of space for re-planting.

10.7.3.5 Infill planting is proposed in several areas alongside the new or existing road corridors, and at the interchanges.

Architectural Treatment of Structures

Cut Slopes

10.7.3.6 Cut slopes are proposed in the area to the ridgeline to the south of Ngau Hom Shek and to the hillsides to the north of the San Wai Sewerage Treatment plan. Additional cut slopes are proposed at San Sang San Tsuen. In total approximately 18,000m² of land area will be affected by cut slopes. The most significant of these slopes is in the area north of San Wei Sewerage Treatment Plant. The slopes on the east side of the road is expected to be 29m high and approximately 80m long.

10.7.3.7 The steepness of slopes normally poses a constraint on the species that can be planted. In this case, all slopes will generally be less than 45 degrees. This will allow planting of shrubs and trees in addition to hydroseeding. Soil cut slopes will also be less than 45 degrees and would be suitable for the establishment of woody vegetation in addition to hydro-mulching with grass, climbers and groundcover species.

10.7.3.8 Some minor retaining walls will be constructed on the west side of the road near Ha Tsuen. These are constructed to reduce the imprint of the road and the need for excessive slope cutting. They are expected to be less than 3m in height. Slightly higher walls (to 4 or 5m) are expected in the small valley north of Ha Tsuen at the proposed maintenance area. These are located at the head of the valley and are not expected to have any significant visual impact.

10.7.3.9 Where possible, low retaining walls adjacent to the road should be designed to be seen as part of the road structure. Should higher walls be required, additional treatment should be considered including stone finishing and tow planters incorporating tree, shrub and climbing plants.

10.7.3.10 Disturbed areas above and below the walls would be reinstated with native grass, tree and shrub planting, with hanging plants introduced to help add greenery and screen the structures.

Road Structures

10.7.3.11 Columns supporting the road deck should be designed and archtecturally treated to reduce their visual bulk. Rounded forms with simple relief patterns will help disguise the dimensions of these structures. Planting at the base in the form of climbers will also grow to disguise the column. Wherever possible, tree planting is provided as close as possible to the structure to maximise the screening effect.

10.7.3.12 The height of parapet walls and the thickness of the bridge deck should be minimised as much as possible to reduce the visual bulk of the road structure. The design of the decking should ensure that, wherever possible, the underside and columns are in shade for as long as possible during the day.

10.7.3.13 The design approach for the elevated road structure is to keep the elements as simple as possible, using rounded forms for the parapet, the junctions between the soffit faces of the underside of the deck and columns which have been widened out to form leaf piers to give the structure more visual support and to assist in the replacement of bearings.

10.7.3.14 Light poles will be located on the outside edge of the road. The fixings of these shall be incorporated within the parapet wall. The selection of light poles and fitting and their positioning in the road will reflect the architectural design of the road structure.

Noise Barriers

10.7.3.15 Noise barriers are proposed to almost all sections of the road and ramps at the Lam Tei Intersection to San Sang San Tsuen and HSK interchange. There are 3 types of noise barriers proposed (ranging in height from 3m to 5.5m) and a semi-enclosure (approximately 200m in length) is proposed to be located near San Sang San Tsuen at the point where the road is closest to proposed residential development of the HSK NDA. Details of the barriers are included in Section 3 (Noise Impact Assessment) and illustrated in Figures 10.6.3.5 to 10.6.3.7.

10.7.3.16 The barriers would be seen both from the road users and adjacent areas. Given the elevation of the road in the Lam Tei area, their height and form will contribute to the overall appearance of the elevated road structure (columns, road deck, parapet wall and noise barriers).

10.7.3.17 To minimise their visual appearance and to help blend them into the texture of the landscape backdrop, it is proposed that the barriers be constructed of clear vision panels within a square section GMS supporting frame. Vision panels would allow views out from the road and help reduce the visual bulk of the bridge structure from adjacent VSRs. The tinting colour should be chosen to blend into the visual background. Due to the road's elevated nature, much of the background may be open sky and subject to infinite variations dependant on weather conditions. However, the surrounding vegetated hillsides will also form much of the background and a green tint may be appropriate to blend in with these conditions.

10.7.3.18 The GMS frame supporting the vision panels would be painted to blend with the background and the colour tint of the panels. The panels and frame should, as much as possible, appear to be integrated with the parapet wall and the structure of the road decking.

10.7.3.19 Allowance for the measures listed should be made in the detailed design of the improvement works (or any part thereof) and should be fully implemented as part of the construction works so that they are in place at the date of completion. However, it should be noted that the full effect of the soft landscape mitigation measures (woodland tree and shrub planting) would not be appreciated for many years.

10.7.3.20 Advice from the Advisory Committee on the Appearance of Bridges and Associated Structures (ACABAS) has been incorporated into the architectural treatment of retaining walls, road structures, and noise barriers as described in the above paragraphs.

10.7.4 Prediction of Significance of Landscape Impacts in Operation Phase

10.7.4.1 An assessment of the potential significance of the landscape impacts during the operational phase, before and after mitigation is provided in Table 10.9, and illustrated in Figures 10.7.7 to 10.7.9. This follows the methodology outlined in Section 10.3.2 and assumes that the appropriate mitigation measures identified in Table 10.8 above would be implemented, and that the full effect of the soft landscape mitigation measures would be realised after ten years.

Notes : 

(1) All impacts are negative / adverse unless otherwise stated
(2) Source of landscape impact on all resources / character areas would be construction of bridge & elevated road including piers, columns road platform, earthworks including slope cuts, retaining walls, temporary works areas and associated activities.
(3) Extent of loss is equal to the total area of the landscape resource that would be affected by the temporary and permanent works.
(4) Impact must be considered collectively with the SWC bridge.
(5) Impact must be considered collectively with the proposed widening of Yuen Long Highway and Route 10 scope of works.

10.7.5 Prediction of Significance of Visual Impacts in Operation Phase

10.7.5.1 An assessment of the potential significance of the visual impacts during the operational phase, before and after mitigation is briefly described below, provided in detail in Table 10.10, and illustrated in Figures 10.7.7 to 10.7.9. This follows the methodology outlined in Section 10.3.2 and assumes that the appropriate mitigation measures identified in Table 10.8 above would be implemented, and that the full effect of the soft landscape mitigation measures would be realised after ten years. Photomontages of the proposed development before, at day 1 without mitigation, at day 1 with mitigation and 10 years after implementation of mitigation measures are illustrated in Figures 10.7.14 to 10.7.37. Figures 10.7.28 to 10.7.33 are 3D Visual Simulations from hypothetical viewpoints in HSK NDA. Viewpoints were chosen from indicative visual corridors corresponding with the HSK NDA RODP.

Residential

10.7.5.2 Residents in the coastal Protection area and Agricultural area at Ngau Hom Shek (VSR1) will have direct, short range views to the new road which is immediately adjacent or very close to several receivers. There is expected to be a large magnitude of change after mitigation with impact significance at Day 1 being moderate.

10.7.5.3 Residents in existing villages and CDA east of HSK NDA (VSR3) will have intermittent, distant views to the DBL which will mostly be screened by the containers within the open storage areas. There is expected to be a negligible magnitude of change after mitigation with Day 1 impact significance being negligible.

10.7.5.4 Residents in the proposed residential and community facilities and within the proposed village type development at HSK NDA (VSR5) will experience views of the elevated DBL mainline and HSK interchange and associated noise barriers (5.5m with 2.5m extension) and semi-enclosure. There is expected to be a large magnitude of change after mitigation. At Day 1 it is not expected the HSK NDA development will be completed. These receivers will experience impacts which have been mitigated for at least several years.

10.7.5.5 Residents in the proposed residential and community facilties and within the proposed village type development at HSK NDA (VSR6) will experience views of the elevated DBL mainline and Lam Tei interchange and associated noise barriers (up to 5.5m with 2.5m extension). There is expected to be a large magnitude of change after mitigation. At Day 1 it is not expected the HSK NDA development will be completed. These receivers will experience impacts which have been mitigated for at least several years.

10.7.5.6 Residents in village type development at Fui Sha Wai (VSR9) will have intermittent, very distant views to the DBL which will mostly be screened by the containers within the open storage areas and other structures. There is expected to be a negligible magnitude of change after mitigation with impact significance at Day 1 being negligible.

10.7.5.7 Residents in the residential development east of San Hing Tsuen and undetermined area northwest of San Hing Tsuen (VSR11) will have direct, close views to the DBL which will be elevated adjacent to this receiver. Impacts will include the elevated road, columns and noise barriers up to 5.5m with a 2.5m extension. There is expected to be a intermediate magnitude of change after mitigation with impact significance at Day 1 being moderate to substantial.
10.7.5.8 Residents in the developments and CDA area east of Lam Tei Tsuen (VSR12) will have direct, very close views to the DBL and Lam Tei interchange which will be elevated adjacent to this receiver. Impacts will arise from the elevated road, columns, noise up to 5.5m with a 2.5m extension and night lighting. There is expected to be a large magnitude of change after mitigation with Day 1 impact significance being substantial.

10.7.5.9 Residents in high rise residential development at Tin Shui Wai (VSR16) will have intermittent, very distant views to the DBL. There is expected to be a negligible magnitude of change after mitigation with Day 1 impact significance being negligible.

Occupational

10.7.5.10 Workers in proposed other specified land uses at HSK NDA (VSR4) will experience views of the elevated DBL mainline, maintenance area, helipad and access road and night lighting. There is expected to be a intermediate magnitude of change after mitigation. At Day 1 it is not expected the HSK NDA development will be completed. These receivers will experience impacts which have been mitigated for atleast several years.

10.7.5.11 Workers in proposed possible extension to HSK NDA (VSR8) will experience intermittent, distant views of the elevated DBL mainline, maintenance area, helipad and access road and night lighting. There is expected to be a small magnitude of change after mitigation. At Day 1 it is not expected the HSK NDA development will be completed. These receivers will experience impacts which have been mitigated for at least several years.

Recreational

10.7.5.12 Walkers in the greenbelt and conservation area at Ngau Hom Shek and Yuen Tau Shan (VSR2) would have intermittent but close views to the DBL. However, very few people walk inthese areas due to the presence of grave sites and its isolated nature and much of the area has already been disturbed to some extent. There is expected to be small magnitude of change after mitigation with Day 1 impact significance being negligible/slight.

10.7.5.13 Walkers in proposed amenity areas at HSK NDA (VSR7) will experience views of the elevated DBL mainline and HSK interchange and associated noise barriers (5.5m with 2.5m extension) and semi-enclosure. There is expected to be a large magnitude of change after mitigation. At Day 1 it is not expected the HSK NDA development will be completed. These receivers will experience impacts which have been mitigated for at least several years.

10.7.5.14 Walkers in the greenbelt and conservation area south of Yuen Long Highway (VSR10) would have intermittent but close views to the DBL and Lam tei interchange. However, very few people walk in these areas due to its isolated nature and much of the area has already been disturbed to some extent. There is expected to be a small magnitude of change after mitigation with Day 1 impact significance being negligible/slight.

10.7.5.15 Walkers in the greenbelt north of Yuen Long Highway (VSR14) will experience views of the elevated DBL mainline and Lam Tei interchange and associated noise barriers (5.5m with 2.5m extension). There is expected to be a large magnitude of change after mitigation. At Day 1 it is not expected the HSK NDA development will be completed. These receivers will experience impacts which have been mitigated for at least several years.

10.7.5.16 Walkers in the greenbelt south of To Yuen Wai (VSR15) would have direct, close views to the DBL and Yuen Long Highway. However, very few people walk in this area and the existing Yuen Long Highway means that significant changes are not expected. There is expected to be a small magnitude of change after mitigation with residual impact significance being negligible/slight.

10.7.5.17 Walkers in Tai Lam Country Park (VSR17) would have intermittent, direct views to the DBL and Lam Tei interchange. The distance and topography (in addition to the vegetation) means that views will be rare. They will also look down onto a valley floor that has already been significantly developed. There is expected to be a small magnitude of change after mitigation with residual impact significance being slight/moderate.

Travellers

10.7.5.18 Travellers on Deep Bay Road (T1) would have intermittent, single vista views to the DBL mainline. Views fromm the road approaching Ngau Hom Shek will more likely be dominated by the SWC. There is expected to be a small magnitude of change after mitigation with residual impact significance being negligible/slight.

10.7.5.19 Travellers on Yuen Long Highway (T2) would have direct views to the DBL mainline and Lam Tei interchange. Views from the road approaching Lam Tei interchange will be dramatically interrupted by the introduction of ramps, elevated road decks and other structures. Views will be seen against a backdrop of adjacent development. The Yuen Long Highway widening and new noise barriers will add to the visual impact There is expected to be a intermediate magnitude of change after mitigation with residual impact significance being slight/moderate.

10.7.5.20 Travellers on Castle Peak (T3) would have intermittent views to the DBL mainline and Lam Tei interchange. Views from the road approaching Lam Tei interchange will be interrupted by the introduction of ramps, elevated road decks and other structures. Views will be seen against a backdrop of adjacent development. There is expected to be a small magnitude of change after mitigation with residual impact significance being negligible/slight.

10.7.5.21 10.8.5.21Travellers on the proposed West Rail (T4) would have intermittent views to the the DBL mainline and Lam Tei interchange. Views from the train approaching Hung Shui Kiu will be interrupted by the introduction of ramps, elevated road decks and other structures. Views will be seen against a backdrop of adjacent development. There is expected to be a small magnitude of change after mitigation with residual impact significance being negligible/slight.

10.7.5.22 Travellers on Deep Bay Link (T5) will have views of the new road, noise barriers from HSK to Lam Tei interchange, a semi-enclosure at HSK near HSK interchange and other structures and night lighting. Positive views over the valley and to Tin Shui Wai and Tai Lam Country Park will be provided to travellers on the road between Ngau Hom Shek and HSK interchange. There is expected to be a intermediate magnitude of change after mitigation with residual impact significance being slight/moderate.

Table 10.10 Significance of Visual Impacts in the Operation Phase (Refer to Table 10.8 for a description of Operation Mitigation Measures)

Notes : 

(1) All impacts are negative / adverse unless otherwise stated
(2) Source of landscape impact on all VSRs would be construction of bridge & elevated road including piers, columns road platform, earthworks, temporary works areas and associated activities.
(3) Impacts must be considered in relation to the current negative visual impact at existing open storage yards.
(4) Impacts must be considered collectively with the SWC works.
(5) Impacts must be considered collectively with Route 10 and Yuen Long Highway widening works.
(6) The assessment of visual impacts during construction phase upon VSRs within the HSK NDA is subject to the programming of construction works of the HSK NDA

10.8 Evaluation of Residual Impacts

10.8.0 Evaluation of Residual Landscape Impacts

Landform (L10)

10.8.0.1 With a total loss of approximately 38,000m² of landform, the use of careful grading and slope treatment techniques, the residual impact after 10 years is expected to be slight/moderate.

Vegetation

10.8.0.2 There is expected to be some minor impact upon the mangrove areas located on the coastline of Ngau Hom Shek (L1). This will be due to the construction of the SWC. The impact is expected to be moderate and temporary. An area of approximately 2,500 square metres could be affected. The loss will be compensated by new planting under the ecological mitigation measures. Residual impact is expected to be slight/moderate.

10.8.0.3 Within the DBL alignment, permanent and irreversible impact to the marsh & wet agriculture (L3) within the study area. Approximately 5,000m² of marsh and wet agriculture areas will be permanently lost. The marsh will be re-created and a wetland compensatory scheme is expected to be included within this project (refer to ecological impact report) The recreated marsh is expected to be located adjacent to the DBL alignment at Ngau Hom Shek after construction. Residual landscape impact is expected to be negligible.

10.8.0.4 Permanent and irreversible impact is expected to some agriculture, orchards and plantation areas (L4). Approximately 59,000m² of agriculture, 10,000m² of orchards and 32,000m² of plantation area is expected to be lost. Totalling 101,000m². New woodland planting will account for some of the loss but it is not proposed to recreate orchards or agriculture. Much of the fields are abandoned and residual impact is expected to be negligible.

10.8.0.5 Approximately 10,100m² of grassland and low scrub (L7) is expected to be impacted upon. Some impacts are expected on the form of the topography and grassland on the ridge east of the interface with the DBL alignment. In this area, the road will be cut into a ridge adjacent Ngau Hom Shek. Similar cutting will be expected at the head of this valley near Ha Tsuen. The rest of grassland/scrub affected occurs at the lower slopes. Much of the grassland located at these is highly disturbed and of generally a poor quality. Proposed woodland and shrub/grass planting is proposed to compensate for these areas. This planting should be well established after 10 years. Residual impact is expected to be slight/moderate.

10.8.0.6 Areas of woodland (L8) including groups of trees will also be affected within the alignment. Approximately 12,000m² will be impacted upon. Only fringe areas of woodland are expected to be lost. loss of trees will be compensated in the form of woodland and individual tree planting (especially along the edges of the road and track). This should be well established after 10 Years. Residual impact is expected to be slight/moderate.

10.8.0.7 There are a total 5,829 trees within the proposed alignment. These include native woodland, orchard and plantation trees. Of these, 1,671 trees are proposed to be retained, 373 transplanted and 3,785 are proposed to be felled. A proposed 6,473 new trees are proposed within the Compensatory and Master Landscape Plan. Most of these will be native woodland species.

Mud Flats

10.8.0.8 Approximately 7,500 square metres of mudflats (L2) is expected to be affected due to the construction of the SWC bridge piers in the inter-tidal zone. Mitigation will include re-contouring of mudflats after construction under the ecological mitigation measures. residual impact is expected to be slight/moderate.

Fish Ponds

10.8.0.9 Some impact is expected on active and abandoned fish ponds (L5). Approximately 7,300 square metres of ponds will be lost. Many have been abandoned or are currently being filled in. Compensation is proposed under the ecological mitigation measures. residual impact is expected to be slight/moderate.

Stream Channels

10.8.0.10 Approximately 2km of stream channel (L6) is expected to be affected to some extent. The Ngau Hom Shek east stream will be heavily disturbed but there is potential to restore it. This will be undertaken via the wetland compensation scheme proposed under this project. Other streams affected are mostly channelised in some form. Residual impact after 10 years is expected to be negligible.

Village / Residential / Warehouse /Factory/ Roads and Similar Developments

10.8.0.11 The impact experienced by buildings and human settlements (L9) will be reduced to slight/moderate residual impact following the implementation of the mitigation measures.

Landscape Character

10.8.0.12 The landscape character of the study area will be significantly altered by Year 10. This will primarily be due to the future HSK NDA and other possible developments. The residual impact is difficult to determine given that little information on the nature of the proposed HSK NDA is available.

LC1: Agricultural Coastal Lowland
10.8.0.13 The agricultural coastal lowland will experience changes to its character from the introduction of a large, elevated linear element into the landscape. Columns, road deck, access paths and night lighting will affect this area. Even with established planting the road corridor will significantly affect the character of the area. Residual impact is expected to be moderate.

LC2: Greenbelt Foothills
10.8.0.14 The greenbelt foothills will experience changes to its character from the introduction of a large, elevated linear element into the landscape, slope cutting and some land formation. Columns, road deck, access paths, slope cuts, culverting and night lighting will affect this area. Even with established planting the road corridor will significantly affect the character of the area. Residual impact is expected to be slight/moderate.

LC3: Village Coastal Lowland
10.8.0.15 The Village Coastal Lowland will experience changes to its character from the introduction of a large, elevated linear element into the landscape. Columns, road deck, access paths and night lighting will affect this area. Established planting will help reducing impacts to a certain extent. Residual impact after Year 10 is expected to be moderate/substantial.

LC4: Sea Edge
10.8.0.16 The Sea Edge will experience changes to its character from the introduction of a large, elevated linear element into the landscape. Much of the impact will be from the SWC. Columns, road deck, access paths and night lighting will affect this area. Planting cannot screen the SWC in this area. Residual impact is expected to be moderate/substantial.

LC5: Valley Lowland Agriculture
10.8.0.17 The Valley Lowland Agricultural areas will experience changes to its character from the introduction of a large, elevated linear element into the landscape. Columns, road deck, ramps at HSK and Lam Tei interchanges, noise barriers, access paths, maintenance areas, slope cutting, reduction in vegetation, the introduction of a helipad and night lighting will affect these areas. This will be seen in conjunction with the HSK NDA. Residual impact is expected to be slight/moderate.

LC6: Valley Lowland Mosaic
10.8.0.18 The Valley Lowland Mosaic areas will experience changes to its character from the introduction of a large, elevated linear element into the landscape. Columns, road deck, ramps at HSK and Lam Tei interchanges, noise barriers, access paths, maintenance areas, slope cutting, reduction in vegetation, the introduction of a helipad and night lighting will affect these areas. This will be seen in conjunction with the HSK NDA. Residual impact is expected to be negligible.

LC7: Lam Tei
10.8.0.19 The Lam Tei area will experience changes to its character from the introduction of a large, elevated linear element into the landscape. Columns, road deck, ramps at Lam Tei interchange, noise barriers, access paths, maintenance areas, slope cutting and night lighting will affect these areas. The road will be elevated up to a maximum of 28 metres off the ground with some noise barriers of a height of 5.5m with cantilever 2.5m. This will be seen in conjunction with existing development such as open storage areas, light industry and other infrastructure (Yuen Long Highway, West Rail, Castle Peak Road, etc) and the new HSK NDA. Residual impact is expected to be moderate.

LC8: Greenbelt / Country Park Uplands
10.8.0.20 The Greenbelt and Country Park Uplands will experience minimal changes to their character from the introduction of a large, elevated linear element into the adjacent landscape. Columns, road deck, ramps at Lam Tei interchange, noise barriers, access paths, maintenance areas, slope cutting and night lighting may affect these areas. This will be seen in against a background of existing development such as open storage areas, light industry and other infrastructure (Yuen Long Highway, West Rail, Castle Peak Road, etc) and the HSK NDA. The residual impact is expected to be negligible.

10.8.1 Evaluation of Residual Visual Impacts

Residential

10.8.1.1 Residents in the coastal Protection area and Agricultural area at Ngau Hom Shek (VSR1) will have direct, short range views to the new road which is immediately adjacent or very close to several receivers. Mitigation in the form of woodland planting and architectural design of road structures will help in reducing these impacts. Planting is expected to be well established at Year 10. Residual impacts are expected to be moderate.

10.8.1.2 Residents in existing villages and CDA east of HSK NDA (VSR3) will have intermittent, distant views to the DBL which will mostly be screened by the containers within the open storage areas. Mitigation in the form of woodland and other planting will help in reducing these impacts. Planting is expected to be well established at Year 10. Residual impact is expected to be negligible.

10.8.1.3 Residents in the proposed residential and community facilities and within the proposed village type development at HSK NDA (VSR5) will experience views of the elevated DBL mainline and HSK interchange and associated noise barriers (5.5m with 2.5m extension) and semi-enclosure. At year 10, screen planting is expected to be well established within the road corridor. Planting will also be incorporated within the ecological mitigation area adjacent to the DBL. Residual impact is expected to be moderate/substantial.

10.8.1.4 Residents in the proposed residential and community facilties and within the proposed village type development at HSK NDA (VSR6) will experience views of the elevated DBL mainline and Lam Tei interchange and associated noise barriers (up to 5.5m with 2.5m extension). At year 10, screen planting is expected to be well established within the road corridor. Residual impact is expected to be substantial.

10.8.1.5 Residents in village type development at Fui Sha Wai (VSR9) will have intermittent, very distant views to the DBL. At Year 10 the HSK NDA development is expected to screen most of the views from this area. Residual impact is expected to be negligible.

10.8.1.6 Residents in the residential development east of San Hing Tsuen and undetermined area northwest of San Hing Tsuen (VSR11) will have direct, close views to the DBL which will be elevated adjacent to this receiver. Impacts will include the elevated road, columns and noise barriers up to 5.5m with a 2.5m extension. Proposed adjacent planting will have minor mitigation affect on these receivers. Residual impacts are expected to remain moderate to substantial.

10.8.1.7 Residents in the developments and CDA area east of Lam Tei Tsuen (VSR12) will have direct, very close views to the DBL and Lam Tei interchange which will be elevated adjacent to this receiver. Impacts will arise from the elevated road, columns, noise up to 5.5m with a 2.5m extension and night lighting. Proposed adjacent planting will have minor mitigation affect on these receivers. Residual impacts are expected to remain substantial.

10.8.1.8 Residents in high rise residential development at Tin Shui Wai (VSR16) will have intermittent, very distant views to the DBL which at Year 10 will mostly be screened by the HSK NDA development. Residual impacts are expected to be negligible.

Occupational

10.8.1.9 Workers in proposed other specified land uses at HSK NDA (VSR4) will experience views of the elevated DBL mainline, maintenance area, helipad and access road and night lighting. Screen planting is expected to be well established at Year 10. Residual impacts are expected to be negligible/slight.

10.8.1.10 Workers in proposed possible extension to HSK NDA (VSR8) will experience intermittent, distant views of the elevated DBL mainline, maintenance area, helipad and access road and night lighting. Screen planting is expected to be well established at Year 10. Residual impacts are expected to be negligible.

Recreational

10.8.1.11 Walkers in the greenbelt and conservation area at Ngau Hom Shek and Yuen Tau Shan (VSR2) would have intermittent but close views to the DBL. However, very few people walk in these areas due to the presence of grave sites and its isolated nature and much of the area has already been disturbed to some extent. Screen planting is expected to be well established at Year 10. Residual impacts are expected to be negligible/slight.

10.8.1.12 Walkers in proposed amenity areas at HSK NDA (VSR7) will experience views of the elevated DBL mainline and HSK interchange and associated noise barriers (5.5m with 2.5m extension) and semi-enclosure. At Year 10 planting is expected to be well established and additional screen planting should be incorporated with the zone itself. residual impacts are expected to be moderate/substantial.

10.8.1.13 Walkers in the greenbelt and conservation area south of Yuen Long Highway (VSR10) would have intermittent but close views to the DBL and Lam Tei interchange. However, very few people walk in these areas due to its isolated nature and much of the area has already been disturbed to some extent. Screen planting is expected to have minor mitigation affect to these views because they are elevated. Residual impact is expected to be negligible/slight.

10.8.1.14 Walkers in the greenbelt north of Yuen Long Highway (VSR14) will experience views of the elevated DBL mainline and Lam Tei interchange and associated noise barriers (5.5m with 2.5m extension). Screen planting within the DBL corridor and the buffer planting in this zone itself is expected to be well established by Year 10. Some level of mitigation is expected. Residual impact is expected to be slight/moderate.

10.8.1.15 Walkers in the greenbelt south of To Yuen Wai (VSR15) would have direct, close views to the DBL and Yuen Long Highway. However, very few people walk in this area and the existing Yuen Long Highway means that significant changes are not expected. Screen planting is expected to be well established at Year 10. residual impact is expected to be negligible/slight.

10.8.1.16 Walkers in Tai Lam Country Park (VSR17) would have intermittent, direct views to the DBL and Lam Tei interchange. The distance and topography (in addition to the vegetation) means that views will be rare. They will also look down onto a valley floor that has already been significantly developed. Screen planting will have minor mitigation affect. Residual impact is expected to be slight/moderate.

Travellers

10.8.1.17 Travellers on Deep Bay Road (T1) would have intermittent, single vista views to the DBL mainline.Views fromm the road approaching Ngau Hom Shek will more likely be dominated by the SWC. Screen planting will be well established by Year 10. Residual impact is expected to be negligible/slight.

10.8.1.18 Travellers on Yuen Long Highway (T2) would have direct views to the DBL mainline and Lam Tei interchange. Views from the road approaching Lam Tei interchange will be dramatically interrupted by the introduction of ramps, elevated road decks and other structures. Views will be seen against a backdrop of adjacent development. Screen planting will be well established by Year 10. Residual impact is expected to be negligible/slight.

10.8.1.19 Travellers on Castle Peak (T3) would have intermittent views to the DBL mainline and Lam Tei interchange. Views from the road approaching Lam Tei interchange will be interrupted by the introduction of ramps, elevated road decks and other structures. Views will be seen against a backdrop of adjacent development. Screen planting will be well established by Year 10. Residual impact is expected to be negligible/slight.

10.8.1.20 Travellers on the proposed West Rail (T4) would have intermittent views to the the DBL mainline and Lam Tei interchange.Views from the train approaching Hung Shui Kiu will be interrupted by the introduction of ramps, elevated road decks and other structures. Views will be seen against a backdrop of adjacent development. Screen planting will be well established by Year 10. Residual impact is expected to be negligible.

10.8.1.21 Travellers on Deep Bay Link (T5) will have views of the new road, noise barriers from HSK to Lam Tei interchange, a semi-enclosure at HSK near HSK interchange and other structures and night lighting. Positive views over the valley and to Tin Shui Wai and Tai Lam Country Park will be provided to travellers on the road between Ngau Hom Shek and HSK interchange. planting adjacent to the road is expected to be well established by Year 10. Residual impact is expected to be negligible/slight.

10.9 Environmental Monitoring and Audit

10.9.0.1 It is recommended that EM&A during the design, construction and operational stages is undertaken. The design stage EM&A will consist of auditing the detailed landscape designs. Construction and operational stage EM&A will comprise audit of the EIA recommendations together with planting and planting establishment in the form of site inspection. The operational stage auditing will be undertaken for one year during the Contractor's maintenance period. Further details of the specific EM&A requirements are detailed in another section of this report and in the EM&A Manual.

10.9.0.2 The extent of the works areas should be regularly checked during the construction phase. Any trespass by the Contractor outside the limit of the works, including any damage to landscape areas should be reported to the Engineer. The progress of the engineering works should be regularly reviewed on site to identify the earliest practical opportunities for implementing landscape and visual mitigation measures.

10.9.0.3 The Monthly Report shall provide a statement on the general state of the landscape and visual aspects in the study area, and confirm that required mitigation measures are being implemented.

10.9.0.4 Details of the EM&A programme are provided in the EM&A Manual which is required to be made available for public exhibition under the EIAO.

10.10 Conclusions

10.10.0.1 The proposed works include 5.4km of new trunk road of dual-3 lane standard which will provide a link between SWC (landfall at Ngau Hom Shek) and Yuen Long Highway and the proposed Route 10 at Lam Tei. The works will include a large dual-3 lane mainline elevated up to 28 metres at Lam Tei and elevated for much of the rest of alignment except for areas adjacent to Ha Tsuen and Ngau Hom Shek.

10.10.0.2 The works will also include on/off ramps connecting with the YLH at Lam Tei (Lam Tei interchange), on/off ramps at HSK NDA (HSK interchange), and ramps at Ha Tsuen. The road is supported on columns at 30-40 metres spacings. Noise barriers ranging in height from 3m to 5.5m with a cantilever extension of 2.5m will line the sides and centreline of the road and ramps from Lam Tei to HSK interchange. A semi-enclosure of 200m in length is proposed just north of the HSK interchange. Additional works include a helipad, access road and maintenance area north of Ha Tsuen, and reprovisioning and modification works to San Wai Sewerage Treatment Plant.

10.10.0.3 Some of the landscape resources and character areas within the study area are of reasonable quality. These include the mangrove and mudflat areas at Ngau Hom Shek; the marsh, agricultural, orchards and plantation areas around Ngau Hom Shek and Ha Tsuen; and the woodland areas at the foothills of Yuen Tau Shan. All these resources have been judged to have a high sensitivity to change. Landscape Character areas which also have a high sensitivity to change include the Greenbelt Foothills, the Sea Edge, and the Greenbelt / Country Park Uplands.

10.10.0.4 Other resources and character areas have been so disturbed by uncontrolled development and access, fire and storage / dumping of materials that their sensitivity to change has been reduced to low or medium.

Landscape Impacts

10.10.0.5 There will be moderate to substantial impacts to the woodland areas during construction phase. The extent of loss is expected to be around 12,000m2. This can be mitigated to some extent through the transplanting of some existing trees and the planting of new stock. Mitigation via new planting within the road alignment will be more established after completion and several years after commencement of operation. The impact is expected to be reduced to slight / moderate.

10.10.0.6 There will be moderate impacts during construction to mangrove and mudflat areas and to agriculture, orchards and plantations. This will be due to the construction of the SWC. Replanting of mangroves is expected to result in slight/moderate residual impacts 10 years after commencement of operations. The re-planting mitigation is detailed under the ecological impact study. The planting of new native woodland is expected to help mitigate the impact to the agricultural areas, orchards and plantations. Residual impacts after 10 years of operation are expected to be negligible.

10.10.0.7 There is expected to be moderate to substantial impacts during construction to the landscape character of the village coastal lowland and the sea edge. Given the nature of the construction the character of these areas will be permanently and irreversibly changed. At Year 10 operation, the impacts are expected to remain at moderate to substantial.

10.10.0.8 There are a total 5,829 trees within the proposed alignment. These include native woodland, orchard and plantation trees. Of these, 1,671 trees are proposed to be retained, 373 transplanted and 3,785 are proposed to be felled. A proposed 6,473 new trees are proposed within the Compensatory and Master Landscape Plan. Most of these will be native woodland species.

Visual Impacts

10.10.0.9 Residents in the Coastal Protection Area and at the village of Ngau Hom Shek will experience moderate visual impact during construction. This will be a result of the construction works associated with the mainline connecting with the SWC and the temporary works areas to the east of the village. This impact is expected to remain as moderate due to the significant and permanent magnitude of change to the area.

10.10.0.10 There is expected to be moderate and substantial visual impacts during construction to residents in existing and proposed edevelopments east of San Hing Tsuen and the undetermined area northwest of San Hing Tsuen (VSR11) and residents in residnetial developments and CDA area east of Lam Tei Tsuen (VSR12). These residents will have direct, close views of the construction of the works including the mainline and Lam Tei interchange ramps. These residents will experience the construction of an elevated mainline (dual-3 lane trunk road of approximately 33m wide) sitting on concrete columns which are spaced at 30- 40 metres. The deck will be elevated from 29mPD to 41mPD which translates into a relative height of approximately 8 to 28 metres. On top of the road there will be noise barriers along the side and median. The tallest of these barriers is a cantilever barrier of 5.5m height with a 2.5m extension to be located on the eastern side of the mainline and along the ramps at Lam Tei interchange. Additionally, there will are more noise barriers of similar dimensions proposed for the Yuen Long Highway widening.

10.10.0.11 The magnitude of change to these areas will be large during construction and operation phases and the impacts are difficult to mitigate. The noise barriers proposed to use vision panels which will help reduce the visual bulk of the structure of overall. However, the mass of the road deck, ramps and columns will still be significant. In addition, there are concerns regarding glare created by the use of vision panels due to reflected sunlight. In addition the visual impacts expected by the construction of Route are expected to exacerbate the situation for these VSRs. Route 10 is expected to add road structure and substantial slope cutting to the visual environment.

10.10.0.12 The completion of construction of the DBL is scheduled for mid 2006. Since the VSRs identified within the future HSK NDA will not be constructed before the DBL is completed, these VSRs are not expected to be subjected to construction impacts. However, during operation phase, moderate to substantial residual impacts are expected upon the residential and community facilities at HSK NDA (VSR 5), the proposed village type development and community facilities at HSK NDA (VSR6) and the amenity area of HSK NDA located adjacent to the DBL mainline. The mainline structures and associated noise barriers and semi-enclosure will have significant visual impact upon these receivers. Mitigation in the form of screen planting and earth mounding will assist in ameliorating these impacts but the residual impacts will remain moderate to substantial.