Table 1 Bird
Species Recorded within the Study Area and Area in the Vicinity (from Ecological
Study for SENT Landfill Extension ([1])
and Hong Kong Bird Report Year 1990-2000 ([2]))
|
Common Name |
Scientific Name |
Commonness |
Status |
Location |
|
Artic Warbler |
Phylloscopus borealis |
U |
PM |
SENT |
|
Asian |
Terpsiphone paradise |
R |
PM |
|
|
Barn Swallow |
Hirundo rustica |
CW |
SV |
SENT |
|
Black Bittern |
Dupetor flavicollis |
VR |
PM |
|
|
Black Bird |
Mandarinus |
U |
WV |
|
|
Black Drongo |
Dicrurus macrocercus |
CW |
SV |
Tseung Kwan
O Industrial Estate* |
|
Black-eared Kite |
Milvus lineatus |
CW |
R, WV |
SENT |
|
Black–faced Laughing Thrush |
Garrulax perspicillatus |
CW |
R |
|
|
Black-necked Starling |
Sturnus nigricollis |
CW |
R |
|
|
Black-winged Stilt |
Himantopus himantopus |
R |
PM, WV |
Tseung Kwan
O* |
|
Bright-capped Cisticola |
Cisticola exilis |
VR |
WV |
|
|
Chinese Bulbul |
Pycnonotus sinensis |
CW |
R |
|
|
Chinese Francolin |
Francolinus pintadeanus |
CW |
R |
SENT |
|
Common Tailorbird |
Orthotomus sutorius |
CW |
R |
|
|
Crested Bulbul |
Pycnonotus jocosus |
CW |
R |
|
|
Crested Myna |
Acridotheres cristatellus |
CW |
R |
SENT, |
|
Daurian Redstart |
Phoenicurus auroreus |
U |
WV |
|
|
Dusky Warbler |
Phylloscopus fuscatus |
U |
WV |
|
|
Eurasian Eagle Owl |
Bubo bubo |
VR |
R |
Tseung Kwan
O |
|
|
Dendronanthus indicus |
R |
PM |
|
|
Greater Necklaced Laughing Thrush |
Garrulax pectoralis |
R |
R |
|
|
Grey Heron |
Ardea cinerea |
CW |
WV |
Tseung Kwan
O* |
|
House Swift |
Apus nipalensis |
CW |
R |
SENT |
|
Japanese White Eye |
Zosterops japonica |
CW |
R |
|
|
Jungle Crow |
Corvus macrorhynchus |
CW |
R |
|
|
Lesser Coucal |
Centropus bengalensis |
U |
R |
SENT |
|
Light-vented Bulbul |
Pycnonotus sinensis |
CW |
R |
SENT |
|
Long-tailed Tailorbird |
Orthotomus sutorius |
CW |
R |
SENT |
|
Magpie |
Pica pica |
CW |
R |
|
|
Magpie Robin |
Copsychus saularis |
CW |
R |
|
|
Masked Laughing Thrush |
Garrulax chinensis |
CW |
R |
SENT |
|
Olive-backed Pipit |
Anthus hodgsoni |
CW |
PM, WV |
|
|
Pacific Reef Egret |
Egretta sacra |
U |
R |
SENT |
|
Pacific Swift |
Apus pacificus |
CW |
|
SENT |
|
Plain Prinia |
Prinia inornata |
U |
R |
|
|
Red-vented Bulbul |
Pycnonotus aurigaser |
CW |
R |
|
|
Red-whiskered Bulbul |
Pycnonotus jocosus |
CW |
R |
SENT |
|
Richard’s Pipit |
Anthus richardi |
CW |
R, PM,
WV |
SENT |
|
Rufous-backed Shrike |
Lanius schach |
CW |
R |
|
|
Rufous-tailed Robin |
Luscinia sibilans |
R |
PM, WV |
|
|
Sooty-headed Bulbul |
Pycnonotus aurigaster |
CW |
R |
SENT |
|
Spotted Dove |
Streptopelia chinensis |
CW |
R |
SENT |
|
Whiskered Tern |
Chlidonias hybridus |
R |
PM |
Tseung Kwan
O* |
|
White-bellied Sea Eagle |
Haliaeetus leucogaster |
U |
R |
SENT |
|
White Wagtail |
Motacilla alba |
CW |
WV |
|
|
Yellow-bellied Prinia |
Prinia flaviventris |
CW |
R |
SENT, |
|
Zitting Cisticola |
Cisticola juncidis |
U |
PM, WV |
Tseung Kwan
O Industrial Estate* |
‘*’ Sighting
records reported in the Hong Kong Bird Report 1990-2000.
Commonness
& Distribution: CW
= common and widespread, U = uncommon and localised, R = rare and localized, VR
= very rare
Main Status: R
= Resident, WV = Winter Visitor, PM = Passage Migrant, SV = Summer Visitor
Table 2 Plant
Species Recorded Within the Study Area
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Relative
Abundance |
|
|
|
Species |
Growth Form |
Origin |
Status |
|
Shrubland |
Grassland |
Seasonal Stream |
Disturbed/ Developed Area |
|
Acacia
auriculiformis |
T |
E |
C |
F |
|
|
|
A |
|
Acacia confusa |
T |
E |
VC |
D |
S |
|
|
|
|
Acacia Mangium |
T |
E |
VC |
F |
|
|
|
|
|
Adiantum capillus |
F |
N |
VC |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ageratum
conyzoides |
H |
N |
VC |
|
F |
|
|
|
|
Albizia lebbeck |
T |
N |
C |
O |
|
|
|
O |
|
Alocasia
macrorrhiza |
H |
N |
VC |
|
|
|
F |
|
|
Alpinia katsumadai |
H |
N |
C |
|
S |
S |
|
|
|
Antirrhoea
chinensis |
S |
N |
C |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aporusa dioica |
S |
N |
VC |
|
|
|
F |
|
|
Archidendron
clypearis |
S |
N |
VC |
|
F |
|
|
|
|
Archidendron
lucidum |
S |
N |
VC |
|
F |
|
|
|
|
Alyxia sinensis |
C |
N |
VC |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Baeckea frutescens |
S |
N |
VC |
|
F |
|
|
|
|
Bauhinia blackeana |
T |
N |
VC |
|
|
|
|
O |
|
Bauhinia galphinii |
C |
N |
C |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Berchemia racemosa |
C |
N |
C |
|
F |
|
|
|
|
Bidens bipinnata |
H |
N |
VC |
O |
F |
F |
F |
|
|
Breynia fruticosa |
S |
N |
VC |
O |
F |
F |
|
|
|
Bridelia tomentosa |
S |
N |
VC |
|
F |
F |
|
|
|
Caesalphinia
vernalis |
C |
N |
VC |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Callicarpa
cathayana |
S |
N |
C |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Canthium dicoccum |
S |
N |
C |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Carallia brachiata |
S |
N |
C |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Carex chinensis |
G |
N |
C |
|
F |
F |
S |
F |
|
Cassytha
filiformis |
C |
N |
VC |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Casuarina
equisetifolia |
T |
E |
VC |
O |
|
|
|
O |
|
Celtis sinensis |
T |
N |
C |
|
S |
|
|
|
|
Cerbera manghas |
T |
E |
C |
|
S |
|
|
|
|
Chrysanthemum
indicum |
S |
N |
C |
|
F |
|
|
|
|
Cirsium japonicum |
H |
N |
C |
|
O |
O |
|
|
|
Clerodendrum
fortunatum |
S |
N |
VC |
|
F |
|
|
|
|
Clerodendrum
inerme |
S |
N |
C |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cratoxylum
cochinchinensis |
S |
N |
VC |
|
A |
|
|
|
|
Cyperus rotundus |
G |
N |
VC |
|
F |
O |
|
|
|
Dalbergia benthami |
C |
N |
C |
|
F |
|
|
|
|
Dalbergia
millettii |
C |
N |
VC |
|
F |
|
|
|
|
Daphniphyllum
calycinum |
T |
N |
C |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Delonix regia |
T |
E |
VC |
|
|
|
|
O |
|
Desmos
cochinchinensis |
C |
N |
VC |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dianella ensifolia |
H |
N |
VC |
|
|
F |
|
|
|
Dicranopteris
linearis |
F |
N |
VC |
|
O |
|
|
|
|
Digitaria
sanquinalis |
G |
N |
C |
|
|
F |
|
|
|
Dimocarpus longan |
T |
N |
C |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diospyros
vaccinioides |
S |
N |
C |
|
F |
|
|
|
|
Duranta repens |
S |
E |
C |
|
F |
O |
|
O |
|
Embelia laeta |
C |
N |
VC |
|
F |
O |
|
|
|
Embelia ribes |
C |
N |
C |
|
F |
O |
|
|
|
Erigeron
floribundus |
H |
N |
VC |
|
F |
F |
|
|
|
Eurya japonica |
S |
N |
VC |
|
F |
|
|
|
|
Ficus microcapus |
T |
N |
VC |
F |
O |
|
|
F |
|
Ficus superba |
T |
N |
VC |
|
O |
|
|
|
|
Ficus hispida |
T |
N |
VC |
|
|
|
|
O |
|
Ficus variolosa |
S |
N |
VC |
|
F |
|
|
|
|
Gardenia
jasminoides |
S |
N |
VC |
|
F |
|
|
|
|
Glochidion
eriocarpum |
S |
N |
C |
|
F |
|
|
|
|
Glochidion
zeylancium |
S |
N |
C |
|
F |
O |
|
|
|
Gnetum montanum |
C |
N |
C |
|
F |
O |
|
|
|
Hedyotis
acutangula |
H |
N |
VC |
|
F |
O |
|
|
|
Ilex asprella |
S |
N |
VC |
|
F |
O |
|
|
|
Ilex pubescens |
S |
N |
C |
|
F |
|
|
|
|
Indocalamus
sinicus |
S |
N |
VC |
|
|
O |
|
|
|
Ipomoea cairica |
C |
N |
VC |
|
|
|
F |
O |
|
Ischaemum
aristatum |
G |
N |
VC |
|
F |
A |
|
|
|
Itea chinensis |
T |
N |
C |
|
F |
|
|
|
|
Lagerstroemia
speciosa |
T |
E |
VC |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lantana camara |
S |
E |
VC |
O |
F |
O |
F |
O |
|
Leucaena
leucocephala |
S |
N |
VC |
F |
|
|
|
F |
|
Ligustrum sinensis |
S |
N |
VC |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Litsea cubeba |
T |
N |
C |
|
F |
|
|
|
|
Litsea glutinosa |
T |
N |
VC |
|
F |
|
|
|
|
Litsea
rotundifolia |
S |
N |
VC |
|
F |
|
|
|
|
Livistona
chinensis |
P |
N |
VC |
|
O |
|
|
O |
|
Lophostemon
conferta |
T |
E |
VC |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lygodium
dichotomum |
C |
N |
VC |
|
F |
|
O |
|
|
Macaranga tanarius |
T |
N |
VC |
|
F |
|
|
|
|
Maesa perlarius |
S |
N |
VC |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mallotus
paniculatus |
T |
N |
C |
|
O |
|
|
|
|
Melastoma candidum |
S |
N |
VC |
|
F |
F |
|
|
|
Melia azedarach |
T |
E |
C |
O |
|
|
|
|
|
Melodinus
monogynus |
C |
N |
C |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Michelia alba |
T |
E |
C |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Microcos
paniculata |
S |
N |
C |
|
F |
|
|
|
|
Mikania micrantha |
C |
E |
VC |
O |
F |
|
F |
|
|
Millettia
reticulata |
C |
N |
VC |
|
F |
|
|
|
|
Mimosa pudica |
S |
N |
VC |
O |
F |
F |
F |
F |
|
Miscanthus
sinensis |
G |
N |
VC |
|
F |
F |
F |
F |
|
Morus alba |
S |
N |
C |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mussaenda erosa |
S |
N |
VC |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Neyraudia
arundinacea |
G |
N |
VC |
|
F |
F |
|
F |
|
Opuntia dillenii |
S |
N |
C |
|
S |
|
|
|
|
Ormosia emarginata |
S |
N |
C |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Paederia scandens |
C |
N |
C |
|
|
|
F |
|
|
Panicum maximum |
G |
N |
C |
|
O |
|
|
O |
|
Paspalum conjugatum |
G |
N |
C |
|
F |
|
|
F |
|
|
P |
N |
C |
|
S |
|
|
|
|
Phyllanthus
emblica |
T |
N |
C |
|
F |
|
|
|
|
Phyllanthus
cochinchinensis |
S |
N |
VC |
|
O |
|
F |
|
|
Pinus elliottii |
T |
E |
C |
|
S |
|
|
|
|
Psychotria rubra |
S |
N |
VC |
|
O |
|
|
|
|
Psychotria serpens |
C |
N |
VC |
|
F |
|
|
|
|
Rhapis excelsa |
S |
N |
VC |
|
F |
|
|
O |
|
Rhaphiolepis
indica |
S |
N |
VC |
|
A |
O |
|
|
|
Rhodomyrtus
tomentosa |
S |
N |
VC |
|
A |
O |
|
|
|
Rhus chinensis |
S |
N |
VC |
|
F |
F |
|
|
|
Rhus succedanea |
S |
N |
VC |
|
F |
F |
F |
|
|
Rhynchelytrum
repens |
G |
N |
VC |
|
F |
F |
|
|
|
Rourea microphylla |
C |
N |
C |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sapium discolor |
S |
N |
C |
|
F |
|
|
|
|
Sapium sebiferum |
S |
N |
C |
|
F |
|
|
|
|
Schefflera
octophylla |
S |
N |
VC |
|
F |
|
O |
F |
|
Scleria harlandi |
Se |
N |
VC |
|
F |
|
|
|
|
Smilax china |
C |
N |
VC |
|
F |
|
|
|
|
Solanum nigrum |
H |
N |
VC |
|
|
|
|
O |
|
Sterculia
lanceolata |
T |
N |
C |
|
S |
|
|
|
|
Strophanthus
divaricatus |
C |
N |
VC |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tetracera asiatica |
C |
N |
VC |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Thespesia populnea |
T |
N |
C |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tricalysia dubia |
S |
N |
VC |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wedelia chinensis |
C |
N |
VC |
|
S |
|
O |
O |
|
Wikstroemia
chinensis |
S |
N |
VC |
|
F |
F |
|
|
|
Zanthoxylum
avicennae |
S |
N |
VC |
O |
F |
|
|
|
|
Zanthoxylum
nitidum |
S |
N |
VC |
|
F |
|
|
|
|
Zingiber
officinale |
H |
N |
C |
|
O |
|
O |
|
|
Total no. of
Species |
|
|
|
14 |
80 |
30 |
12 |
22 |
Abundance: A=Abundant; F=Frequent; O=Occasional;
S=Scarce
Status: C=Common; VC=Very Common; P=Protected
Plant Form: G=Grass; Climber; H=Herb; P=Palm; S=Shrub;
T=Tree, Se=Sedge
Origin: N=Native; E=Exotic
Table 3 Mammal Species Recorded
Within the Study Area in Dry Season
|
Common Name |
Scientific Name |
Status |
Study Area |
|||
|
|
Shrubland |
Grassland |
Disturbed/ Developed Area |
|||
|
Japanese
Pipistrelle |
Pipistrellus abramus |
Abundance |
|
1 |
|
|
|
Tanezumi Rat |
Rattus tanezumi |
Abundance |
|
3 |
|
|
|
Wild Boar |
Sus scrofa |
Common |
|
|
Tracks |
Tracks |
Table 4 Mammal Species
Recorded Within the Study Area in Wet Season
|
Common Name |
Scientific Name |
Status |
Study Area |
|||
|
|
Shrubland |
Grassland |
Distutrbed/ Developed Area |
|||
|
Japanese
Pipistrelle |
Pipistrellus abramus |
Abundance |
|
1 |
|
4 |
|
Brown Noctule Bat |
Nyctalus noctula |
Common |
|
|
|
1 |
|
Wild Boar |
Sus scrofa |
Common |
|
|
Tracks |
Tracks |
Table 5 Bird Species
Recorded within the Study Area
|
Common
Name |
Species
Name |
Commonness |
Status in
|
Habitats
Recorded in Dry Season |
Habitats
Recorded in Wet Season |
|
Barn
Swallow |
Hirudo rustica |
CW |
SV,
PM |
|
S, G, D |
|
Black Drongo |
Dicrurus macrocercus |
CW |
SV |
|
G |
|
Black Kite |
Milvus lineatus |
CW |
R,
WV |
S, P, G, D |
S, P, G, D, C |
|
Black-collared Starling |
Sturnus nigricollis |
CW |
R |
P, D |
S, P, D |
|
Black-crowned Night Heron |
Nycticorax nycticorax |
U |
R |
D |
|
|
Black-faced Bunting |
Emberiza spodocephala |
CW |
Sh#, WV, PM |
S |
|
|
Blue Magpie |
Urocissa erythrorhyncha |
CW |
R |
P |
G, D |
|
Blue Rock Thrush |
Monticola solitarius |
U |
WV,
PM |
G |
|
|
Blue Whistling Thrush |
Myiophoneus
caeruleus |
CW |
R |
S |
|
|
Brown Hawk Owl |
Ninox scutulata |
VR |
PM |
|
S |
|
Brown Shrike |
Lanius cristatus |
U |
PM |
|
G |
|
Chinese Bulbul |
Pycnonotus sinensis |
C |
R |
S, G, P, D |
S, G, P, D |
|
Chinese
Francolin |
Francolinus
pintadeanus |
CW |
R |
|
G |
|
Common Black Bird |
Turdus merula |
U |
WV,
PM |
P, D |
|
|
Common Buzzard |
Buteo buteo |
U |
WV |
S, G |
|
|
Common Kestrel |
Falco
tinnunculus |
U |
WV, PM |
G |
|
|
Common Kingfisher |
Alcedo atthis |
CW |
R |
|
C |
|
Common Koel |
Eudynamis scolopacea |
CW |
R |
|
S |
|
Common Magpie |
Pica pica |
CW |
R |
S, P, D |
P, D |
|
Common Sandpiper |
Actitis hypoleucos |
CW |
WV,
PM |
|
C |
|
Common Tailorbird |
Orthotomus sutorius |
CW |
R |
S, P, D |
S, D |
|
Crested Myna |
Acridotheres cristatellus |
CW |
R |
S, D |
S, P, G, D |
|
Daurian Redstart |
Phoenicurus auroreus |
U |
WV |
S, P,
G, D |
|
|
Dusky Warbler |
Phylloscopus fuscatus |
U |
WV,
PM |
S, P, D |
|
|
Fork-tailed Sunbird |
Aethopyga christinae |
U |
R |
|
|
|
Great Tit |
Parus major |
CW |
R |
P |
|
|
Greater Coucal |
Centropus sinensis |
CW |
R |
S |
S |
|
Grey Wagtail |
Motacilla cinerea |
|
|
|
G |
|
Grey-backed Thrush |
Turdus hortulorum |
U |
WV |
P |
|
|
Hwamei |
Garrulax canorus |
U |
R |
G, |
G |
|
Japanese White-eye |
Zosterops japonicus |
CW |
R,
WV |
S, P, G, D |
P, G, D |
|
Large-billed Crow |
Corvus macrorhynchos |
CW |
R |
S |
P, G |
|
Large Hawk Cuckoo |
Cuculus sparverioides |
U |
SV |
|
|
|
Light-vented Bulbul |
Pycnonotus sinensis |
CW |
R |
S, P, G, D |
S, P, G, D |
|
Little Bunting |
Emberiza pusilla |
U |
WV,
PM |
S |
|
|
Long-tailed Shrike |
Lanius schach |
CW |
R |
S, G |
G |
|
Masked Laughing Thrush |
Garrulax perspicillatus |
CW |
R |
S, |
P |
|
Olive-backed Pipit |
Anthus hodgsoni |
CW |
WV,
PM |
S, D |
|
|
Oriental
Magpie Robin |
Copsychus saularis |
CW |
R |
S, P |
P, D |
|
Oriental
Turtle Dove |
Streptopelia
orientalis |
CW |
WV |
P, G |
|
|
Pacific Swift |
Apus pacificus |
U |
R |
|
|
|
Plain Prinia |
Prinia inornatus |
U |
R |
S, G, D |
S, G, D |
|
Plaintive Cuckoo |
Cacomantis merulinus |
U |
SV |
|
G |
|
Red-whiskered Bulbul |
Pycnonotus jocosus |
CW |
R |
S, P, D |
S, P, G, D |
|
Richard's Pipit |
Anthus richardi |
CW |
WV,
PM |
S, G |
S, G |
|
Scaly-breasted Munia |
Lonchura punctulata |
U |
R |
P |
D |
|
Sooty-headed Bulbul |
Pycnonotus augrigaster |
CW |
R |
S, G |
S, G |
|
Spotted Dove |
Streptopelia chinensis |
CW |
R |
S, P, D |
S, P, D |
|
Tree Sparrow |
Passer montanus |
CW |
R |
|
S, P, D |
|
White Wagtail |
Motacilla alba |
CW |
WV,
PM |
S, P, G, D |
S, P, G, D |
|
White-bellied Sea Eagle |
Haliaeetus
leucogaster |
U |
R |
G, D |
G |
|
White-rumped Munia |
Lonchura striata |
CW |
R |
S, P, G, D |
S |
|
Yellow-bellied Prinia |
Prinia flaviventris |
CW |
R |
S, G, D |
S, P, G |
|
Yellow-browed Warbler |
Phylloscopus inornatus |
CW |
WV,
PM |
S, P, G, |
|
|
Zitting Cisticola |
Cisticola juncidis |
U |
WV,
PM |
G |
|
|
|
|
|
Total Species |
41 |
36 |
Habitats:
S = Shrubland, P =
Commonness
& Distribution: CW = common and widespread, U = uncommon and localised, R =
rare and localized, VR = very rare
Main Status: R = Resident, WV = Winter Visitor,
PM = Passage Migrant
Table 6 Bird Species
Recorded Quantitatively within Study Area in Dry Season
|
Common Name |
Species Name |
Study Area |
|||
|
|
Shrubland |
Grassland |
Disturbed/ Developed Area |
||
|
Black Kite |
Milvus
migrans |
5 |
81 |
17 |
13 |
|
Black-collared
Starling |
Sturnus
nigrocollis |
1 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
|
Black-faced
Bunting |
Emberiza
spodocephala |
0 |
6 |
0 |
0 |
|
Blue
Whistling Thrush |
Myiophoneus
caeruleus |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
|
Chinese
Bulbul |
Pycnonotus
sinensis |
8 |
61 |
11 |
11 |
|
Common
Black Bird |
Turdus
merula |
2 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
|
Common
Buzzard |
Buteo
buteo |
0 |
2 |
1 |
0 |
|
Common
Magpie |
Pica
pica |
1 |
1 |
0 |
3 |
|
Common
Tailorbird |
Orthotomus
sutorius |
4 |
3 |
0 |
1 |
|
Crested
Myna |
Acridotheres
cristatellus |
0 |
8 |
0 |
21 |
|
Daurian
Redstart |
Phoenicurus
auroreus |
1 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
|
Dusky
Warbler |
Phylloscopus
fuscatus |
2 |
4 |
0 |
4 |
|
Great Tit |
Parus
major |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Greater
Coucal |
Centropus
sinensis |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
|
Grey-backed
Thrush |
Turdus
hortulorum |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Hwamei |
Garrulax
canorus |
0 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
|
Japanese
White-eye |
Zosterops
japonicus |
3 |
7 |
6 |
7 |
|
Large-billed
Crow |
Corvus
macrorhynchos |
0 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
|
Long-tailed
Shrike |
Lanius
schach |
0 |
3 |
1 |
0 |
|
Magpie
Robin |
Copsychus
saularis |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
|
Masked
Laughing Thrush |
Garrulax
perspicillatus |
0 |
8 |
0 |
0 |
|
Olive-backed
Pipit |
Anthus
hodgsoni |
0 |
3 |
0 |
3 |
|
Plain
Prinia |
Prinia
inornatus |
0 |
2 |
5 |
2 |
|
Red-vented
Bulbul |
Pycnonotus
augrigaster |
0 |
2 |
3 |
0 |
|
Red-whiskered
Bulbul |
Pycnonotus
jocosus |
2 |
10 |
0 |
8 |
|
Richard's
Pipit |
Anthus
richardi |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
|
Rufous
Turtle Dove |
Streptopelia
orientalis |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
|
Scaly-breasted
Munia |
Lonchura
pun |
7 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Spotted
Dove |
Streptopelia
chinensis |
5 |
3 |
0 |
1 |
|
White
Wagtail |
Motacilla
alba |
5 |
9 |
1 |
4 |
|
White-backed
Munia |
Lonchura
striata |
12 |
29 |
3 |
2 |
|
Yellow-bellied
Prinia |
Prinia
flaviventris |
0 |
14 |
1 |
2 |
|
Yellow-browed
Warbler |
Phylloscopus
inornatus |
2 |
12 |
2 |
0 |
|
|
Total Species |
19 |
26 |
15 |
17 |
|
|
Total Individuals |
65 |
280 |
57 |
90 |
Table 7 Bird Species
Recorded Quantitatively within Study Area in Wet Season
|
Common Name |
|
Study
Area |
|||
|
Species
Name |
|
Shrubland |
Grassland |
Disturbed/ Developed Area |
|
|
Barn
Swallow |
Hirudo
rustica |
0 |
1 |
3 |
3 |
|
Black
Drongo |
Dicrurus
macrocercus |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
|
Black Kite |
Milvus
migrans |
9 |
19 |
31 |
11 |
|
Black-collared
Starling |
Sturnus
nigrocollis |
3 |
6 |
0 |
1 |
|
Blue Magpie |
Urocissa
erythrorhyncha |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
|
Brown Hawk
Owl |
Ninox
scutulata |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
|
Brown
Shrike |
Lanius cristatus |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
|
Chinese
Bulbul |
Pycnonotus
sinensis |
5 |
27 |
15 |
6 |
|
Chinese
Francolin |
Francolinus
pintadeanus |
0 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
|
Common
Kingfisher |
Alcedo
atthis |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Common Koel |
Eudynamis scolopacea |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
|
Common
Magpie |
Pica
pica |
1 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
|
Common
Sandpiper |
Actitis
hypoleucos |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Common
Tailorbird |
Orthotomus
sutorius |
0 |
6 |
0 |
1 |
|
Crested
Myna |
Acridotheres
cristatellus |
5 |
12 |
2 |
11 |
|
Greater
Coucal |
Centropus
sinensis |
0 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
|
Grey
Wagtail |
Motacilla cinerea |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
|
Hwamei |
Garrulax
canorus |
0 |
0 |
7 |
0 |
|
Japanese
White-eye |
Zosterops
japonicus |
9 |
5 |
1 |
3 |
|
Large-billed
Crow |
Corvus
macrorhynchos |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
|
Long-tailed
Shrike |
Lanius
schach |
0 |
0 |
5 |
0 |
|
Magpie
Robin |
Copsychus
saularis |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
|
Masked
Laughing Thrush |
Garrulax
perspicillatus |
2 |
4 |
0 |
0 |
|
Pacific
Swift |
Apus
pacificus |
|
|
|
|
|
Plain
Prinia |
Prinia
inornatus |
0 |
11 |
1 |
1 |
|
Plaintive
Cuckoo |
Cacomantis
merulinus |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
|
Red-vented
Bulbul |
Pycnonotus
augrigaster |
0 |
6 |
16 |
0 |
|
Red-whiskered
Bulbul |
Pycnonotus
jocosus |
2 |
6 |
1 |
8 |
|
Richard's
Pipit |
Anthus
richardi |
0 |
1 |
2 |
0 |
|
Scaly-breasted
Munia |
Lonchura
pun |
0 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
|
Spotted
Dove |
Streptopelia
chinensis |
2 |
7 |
0 |
1 |
|
Tree
Sparrow |
Passer
montanus |
5 |
1 |
0 |
6 |
|
White
Wagtail |
Motacilla
alba |
2 |
7 |
2 |
4 |
|
White-backed
Munia |
Lonchura
striata |
0 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
|
White-bellied
Sea Eagle |
Haliaeetus
leucogaster |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
|
Yellow-bellied
Prinia |
Prinia
flaviventris |
2 |
20 |
2 |
2 |
|
|
Total Species |
14 |
20 |
21 |
17 |
|
|
Total Individuals |
49 |
148 |
97 |
66 |
Table 8 Butterfly
Species Recorded within the Study Area
|
Common Name |
Species Name |
Status |
Habitat Recorded
in Dry Season |
Habitat Recorded
in Wet Season |
|
Blue Admiral |
Kaniska canace |
Common |
D |
|
|
Blue Tiger |
Tirumala limniace |
Common |
S |
|
|
Blue-spotted Crow |
Euploea midamus |
Very
Common |
D |
G |
|
|
Ideopsis similis |
Very
Common |
|
P, G |
|
Common Bluebottle |
Graphium sarpedon |
Very
Common |
S |
S |
|
Common Dart |
Potanthus pseudomaesa |
Rare |
|
S |
|
Common Evening Brown |
Melanitis leda |
Common |
P |
|
|
Common Grass Yellow |
Eurema hecabe |
Very
Common |
P, S,G,
D |
P, S, G |
|
Common Mapwing |
Cyrestis thyodamas |
Common |
|
P |
|
Common Mime |
Chilasa clytia |
Common |
|
P, S, G |
|
Common Mormon |
Papilio polytes |
Very
Common |
S, D |
P, S, G |
|
Common Nawab |
Polyura athamas |
Uncommon |
S |
|
|
Common Sailer |
Neptis hylas |
Common |
P, G |
G |
|
Common Sergeant |
Athyma perius |
Common |
S, G |
S, G |
|
Common Tiger |
Danaus genutia |
Very
Common |
S, D |
|
|
Contiguous Swift |
Polytremis lubricans |
Common |
|
G |
|
Dark Cerulean |
Jamides bochus |
Common |
S |
|
|
Dark Grass Blue |
Zizeeria karsandra |
Rare |
G, D |
G |
|
Dark-brand Bush Brown |
Mycalesis mineus |
Very
Common |
|
S, G |
|
Grass Demon |
Udaspes folus |
Rare |
|
G |
|
Great Eggfly |
Hypolimnas bolina |
Common |
P, S |
P, D |
|
Indian Cabbage White |
Pieris candida |
Very
Common |
|
P, G |
|
Indian Fritillary |
Argyreus hyperbius |
Uncommon |
S |
S |
|
Indian Palm Bob |
Suastus gremius |
Uncommon |
S |
|
|
Large Faun |
Faunis eumeus |
Very
Common |
|
S, P |
|
Lemon Emigrant |
Catopsilia |
Common |
P, G |
P,S, G,
D |
|
Lesser Band Dart |
Potanthus trachala |
Rare |
S, G |
G |
|
Lesser Grass Blue |
Zizina otis |
Common |
G, D |
|
|
Lime Blue |
Chilades lajus |
Very
Common |
|
G |
|
Lime Butterfly |
Papilio demoleus |
Common |
|
S |
|
Little Branded Swift |
Pelopidas agna |
Common |
G |
|
|
Long-tailed Blue |
Lampides boeticus |
Very
Common |
G, D |
|
|
Mottled Emigrant |
Catopsilia pyranthe |
Common |
P, S |
P, S, G |
|
Pale Grass Blue |
Zizeeria maha |
Very
Common |
S, D |
P, G |
|
Pale Palm Dart |
Telicota colon |
Common |
|
G |
|
|
Papilio paris |
Very
Common |
S |
|
|
Peacock Pansy |
Junonia almana |
Common |
|
P |
|
|
Abisara echerius |
Very Common |
S, G, D |
S, G |
|
Red Helen |
Papilio helenus |
Very Common |
|
S, P |
|
Red Ring Skirt |
Hestina assimilis |
Common |
P |
|
|
Red-base Jazebel |
Delias pasithoe |
Very Common |
P, S |
|
|
Rustic |
Cupha erymanthis |
Very Common |
G |
S |
|
Slate Flash |
Rapala manea |
Common |
G, D |
|
|
Small Grass Blue |
Famegana alsulus |
Uncommon |
G |
|
|
Spangle |
Papilio protenor |
Very
Common |
|
P |
|
Straight Five-ring |
Ypthima lisandra |
Common |
P, S, G |
S, G |
|
Swallowtail |
Papilio xuthus |
Rare |
S |
|
|
Tailed Cupid |
Everes lacturnus |
Common |
|
G |
|
Toothed Sunbeam |
Curetis dentate |
Uncommon |
|
S |
|
White-edged Blue Baron |
Euthalia phemius |
Uncommon |
|
S |
|
|
|
Total Species |
32 |
34 |
P =
plantation, S = shrubland, D = developed area, G = grassland,.
Table 9 Butterfly
Species Recorded within the Study Area in Dry Season
|
Common Name |
Species Name |
Status |
Study Area |
|||
|
|
Shrubland |
Grassland |
Disturbed/ Developed Area |
|||
|
Blue Admiral |
Kaniska canace |
C |
|
|
|
1 |
|
Blue Tiger |
Tirumala limniace |
C |
|
3 |
|
|
|
Blue-spotted Crow |
Euploea midamus |
VC |
|
|
|
1 |
|
Common Bluebottle |
Graphium sarpedon |
VC |
|
1 |
|
|
|
Common Evening Brown |
Melanitis leda |
C |
1 |
|
|
|
|
Common Grass Yellow |
Eurema hecabe |
VC |
1 |
2 |
2 |
6 |
|
Common Mormon |
Papilio polytes |
VC |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
Common Nawab |
Polyura athamas |
UC |
|
1 |
|
|
|
Common Sailer |
Neptis hylas |
C |
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
Common Sergeant |
Athyma perius |
C |
|
2 |
2 |
|
|
Common Tiger |
Danaus genutia |
VC |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
Dark Cerulean |
Jamides bochus |
C |
|
2 |
|
|
|
Dark Grass Blue |
Zizeeria karsandra |
R |
|
|
10 |
26 |
|
Great Eggfly |
Hypolimnas bolina |
C |
2 |
1 |
|
|
|
Indian Fritillary |
Argyreus hyperbius |
UC |
|
3 |
|
|
|
Indian Palm Bob |
Suastus gremius |
UC |
|
1 |
|
|
|
Large Faun |
Faunis eumeus |
VC |
|
1 |
|
|
|
Lemon Emigrant |
Catopsilia |
C |
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
Lesser Band Dart |
Potanthus trachala |
R |
|
1 |
2 |
|
|
Lesser Grass Blue |
Zizina otis |
C |
|
|
10 |
5 |
|
Little Branded Swift |
Pelopidas agna |
C |
|
|
1 |
|
|
Long-tailed Blue |
Lampides boeticus |
VC |
|
|
31 |
20 |
|
Mottled Emigrant |
Catopsilia pyranthe |
C |
6 |
1 |
|
|
|
Pale Grass Blue |
Zizeeria maha |
VC |
|
2 |
|
3 |
|
|
Papilio paris |
VC |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
Abisara echerius |
VC |
|
44 |
24 |
1 |
|
Red Ring Skirt |
Hestina assimilis |
C |
1 |
|
|
|
|
Red-base Jazebel |
Delias pasithoe |
VC |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
Rustic |
Cupha erymanthis |
VC |
|
|
1 |
|
|
Slate Flash |
Rapala manea |
C |
|
|
1 |
1 |
|
Small Grass Blue |
Famegana alsulus |
UC |
|
|
2 |
|
|
Straight Five-ring |
Ypthima lisandra |
C |
1 |
4 |
21 |
|
|
Swallowtail |
Papilio xuthus |
R |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
Total Species |
|
9 |
21 |
14 |
11 |
|
|
Total Individuals |
|
15 |
75 |
110 |
65 |
P =
plantation, S = shrubland, De = developed area, G= grassland
VC = Very
Common, C = Common, UC = Uncommon, R = Rare
Table10 Butterfly
Species Recorded within the Study Area in Wet Season
|
Common Name |
Species Name |
Status |
Study Area |
|||
|
|
Shrubland |
Grassland |
Disturbed/ Developed Area |
|||
|
Blue-spotted Crow |
Euploea midamus |
VC |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
Ideopsis similis |
VC |
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
Common Bluebottle |
Graphium sarpedon |
VC |
|
3 |
|
|
|
Common Dart |
Potanthus pseudomaesa |
R |
|
2 |
|
|
|
Common Grass Yellow |
Eurema hecabe |
VC |
5 |
10 |
8 |
|
|
Common Jay |
Graphium doson |
C |
|
1 |
|
|
|
Common Mapwing |
Cyrestis thyodamas |
C |
1 |
|
|
|
|
Common Mime |
Chilasa clytia |
C |
1 |
12 |
3 |
|
|
Common Mormon |
Papilio polytes |
VC |
2 |
10 |
8 |
|
|
Common Sailer |
Neptis hylas |
C |
|
|
2 |
|
|
Common Sergeant |
Athyma perius |
C |
|
3 |
1 |
|
|
Contiguous Swift |
Polytremis lubricans |
C |
|
|
2 |
|
|
Dark Grass Blue |
Zizeeria karsandra |
R |
|
|
6 |
|
|
Dark-brand Bush Brown |
Mycalesis mineus |
VC |
|
9 |
3 |
|
|
Grass Demon |
Udaspes folus |
R |
|
|
1 |
|
|
Great Eggfly |
Hypolimnas bolina |
C |
3 |
|
|
1 |
|
Indian Cabbage White |
Pieris candida |
VC |
3 |
|
2 |
|
|
Indian Fritillary |
Argyreus hyperbius |
UC |
|
1 |
|
|
|
Large Faun |
Faunis eumeus |
VC |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
Lemon Emigrant |
Catopsilia |
C |
53 |
17 |
10 |
2 |
|
Lesser Band Dart |
Potanthus trachala |
R |
|
|
1 |
|
|
Lime Blue |
Chilades lajus |
VC |
|
|
1 |
|
|
Lime Butterfly |
Papilio demoleus |
C |
|
|
1 |
|
|
Mottled Emigrant |
Catopsilia pyranthe |
C |
19 |
3 |
5 |
|
|
Pale Grass Blue |
Zizeeria maha |
VC |
5 |
|
81 |
|
|
Pale Palm Dart |
Telicota colon |
C |
|
|
4 |
|
|
Peacock Pansy |
Junonia almana |
C |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
Abisara echerius |
VC |
|
10 |
1 |
|
|
Red Helen |
Papilio helenus |
VC |
1 |
2 |
|
|
|
Spangle |
Papilio protenor |
VC |
2 |
|
|
|
|
Straight Five-ring |
Ypthima lisandra |
C |
|
14 |
15 |
|
|
Tailed Cupid |
Everes lacturnus |
C |
|
|
10 |
|
|
Toothed Sunbeam |
Curetis dentate |
UC |
|
1 |
1 |
|
|
White-edged Blue Baron |
Euthalia phemius |
UC |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
Total Species |
|
14 |
17 |
23 |
2 |
|
|
Total Individuals |
|
98 |
101 |
178 |
3 |
P =
plantation, S = shrubland, D = developed area, G = grassland,
VC = Very
Common, C = Common, UC = Uncommon, R = Rare
Table 11 Dragonfly Species Recorded within Study
Area
|
Common Name |
Species Name |
Status |
Habitat Recorded in Dry Season |
Habitat Recorded in Wet Season |
|
Common Bluetail |
Ischnura senegalensis |
Abundant |
D |
|
|
Amber-winged
Glider |
Hydrobasileus croceus |
Common |
S |
|
|
Common Blue
Skimmer |
Orthetrum glaucum |
Abundant |
D |
P |
|
Common Red Skimmer |
Orthetrum pruinosum |
Abundant |
|
S, G, D |
|
Green Skimmer |
Orthetrum sabina |
Common |
|
D |
|
Wandering Glider |
Pantala flavescens |
Abundant |
S, D |
P, S,
D, G |
|
|
|
Total Species |
4 |
4 |
P =
plantation, S = shrubland, D = developed area, G = grassland
Table 12 Dragonfly Species Recorded within
Study Area in Dry Season
|
Common Name |
Species Name |
Status |
Study Area |
|||
|
|
Shrubland |
Grassland |
Disturbed/ Developed Area |
|||
|
Common Bluetail |
Ischnura senegalensis |
A |
|
|
|
1 |
|
Amber-winged Glider |
Hydrobasileus croceus |
C |
|
1 |
|
|
|
Common Blue Skimmer |
Orthetrum glaucum |
A |
|
|
|
1 |
|
Wandering Glider |
Pantala flavescens |
A |
|
31 |
|
1 |
|
|
Total Species |
|
2 |
|
3 |
|
|
|
Total Individuals |
|
31 |
|
3 |
|
A =
Abundant, C = Common, UC = Uncommon.
Table 13 Dragonfly Species Recorded within
Study Area in Wet Season
|
Common Name |
Species Name |
Status |
Study Area |
|||
|
|
Shrubland |
Grassland |
Disturbed/ Developed Area |
|||
|
Common Blue Skimmer |
Orthetrum glaucum |
A |
1 |
|
|
|
|
Common Red Skimmer |
Orthetrum pruinosum |
A |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
Green Skimmer |
Orthetrum sabina |
C |
|
|
|
1 |
|
Wandering Glider |
Pantala flavescens |
A |
15 |
14 |
35 |
3 |
|
|
Total Species |
|
3 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
|
|
Total Individuals |
|
17 |
15 |
36 |
5 |
A =
Abundant, C = Common, UC = Uncommon
Table 14 Amphibian
and Reptile Species Recorded within Study Area in Wet Season
|
Common Name |
Species Name |
Status |
Habitat Recorded in Dry Season |
Habitat Recorded in Wet Season |
|
Amphibians |
|
|
|
|
|
Asian Common Toad |
Bufo melanostictus |
A |
|
D |
|
Gunther’s Frog |
Rana guentheri |
A |
|
D, G, P |
|
Paddy Frog |
Fejevarya limnocharis |
A |
|
D, G |
|
Brown Tree Frog |
Polypedates megacephalus |
A |
D |
D, G, P |
|
Ornate Pygmy Frog |
Microhyla ornata |
A |
|
D, G |
|
Reptiles |
|
|
|
|
|
Changeable Lizard |
Calotes versicolor |
C |
|
S |
|
Common Rat Snake |
Ptyas mucosus |
P |
|
S |
|
|
Total Species |
1 |
7 |
|
P =
plantation, S = shrubland, D = developed area, G = grassland
A =
Abundant, UC = Uncommon, P = Protected.
Table 15 Amphibian
and Reptile Species Recorded within Study Area in Dry Season
|
Common Name |
Species Name |
Status |
Study Area |
|||
|
|
Shrubland |
Disturbed/ Developed Area |
Grassland |
|||
|
Amphibians |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Brown Tree Frog |
Polypedates egacephalus |
A |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
Total Species |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
Total Individuals |
|
|
1 |
|
|
A =
Abundant, UC = Uncommon, P = Protected.
Table 16 Amphibian
and Reptile Species Recorded within Study Area in Wet Season
|
Common Name |
Species Name |
Status |
Study Area |
|||
|
|
Shrubland |
Grassland |
Disturbed/ Developed Area |
|||
|
Amphibians |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asian Common Toad |
Bufo melanostictus |
A |
|
|
|
5 |
|
Gunther’s Frog |
Rana guentheri |
A |
2 |
|
2 |
3 |
|
Paddy Frog |
Fejevarya limnocharis |
A |
|
|
tadpoles |
3,
tadpoles |
|
Brown Tree Frog |
Polypedates megacephalus |
A |
3, eggs |
|
8,
tadpoles, eggs |
5,
tadpoles, |
|
Ornate Pygmy Frog |
Microhyla ornata |
A |
|
|
tadpoles |
tadpoles |
|
Reptiles |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changeable Lizard |
Calotes versicolor |
C |
|
2 |
|
|
|
Common Rat Snake |
Ptyas mucosus |
P |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
Total Species |
2 |
2 |
4 |
5 |
|
|
|
Total Individuals |
5 |
3 |
10 |
16 |
|
A =
Abundant, UC = Uncommon, P = Protected
Table 17 Results
of the Qualitative Surveys
|
Zone |
Description |
|
A |
The seabed was composed of mainly rubbles and sands with
sparse boulders. Visibility was
poor (~0.5m) and only a few small hard coral colonies were found e.g. Coscinaraea sp., Goniastrea aspersa, Plesiastrea versipora, Hydnophora exesa, Porites sp.,
Favia favus. A few small colonies of Tubastrea sp. and Cladiella sp. were also encountered. |
|
B |
The seabed was mainly composed of boulders/bedrocks with
sand and rubbles in between. Very
few scattering Dendronephtha sp.
and Coscinaraea sp. were found. |
|
C |
The seabed was composed of boulders/bedrocks and in some
parts with sand. In the shallow
areas, a few small colonies of Oulastrea
crispate and Psammocora superficialis
were found. |
|
D |
The seabed was mainly composed of bedrocks/ boulders at
the southern exposed part and gradually become rubbles and sands in the more
sheltered bay. Hard coral
colonies were more abundant at the sheltered area than the exposed southern
and western areas. |
|
E |
The seabed was composed of boulder and sand. Visibility was fair (~1m). Coral species included Psammocora superficialis, Favia favus,
Favia lizardensis, Favia rotumana, Plesiastrea versipora, Coscinarea sp. Oulastrea crispate and Goniopora stutchburyi were recorded. |
|
Artificial Seawall |
The
seabed was composed of artificial boulders. Visibility was fair (~1m). A few small colonies of Oulastrea
crispata recorded. |
Table 18 Description
of the Seabed Recorded along each Transect
|
Transect |
Depth |
Description |
|
A1 |
-5 to -8 mPD |
The seabed was composed of mainly rubbles and sands with
sparse boulders. Visibility was
poor (~0.5m) and along the transect, more than 70
colonies of soft corals including Euplexaura and Echinomuricea were found. The transect started
at the north-eastern end. |
|
B1 |
-3 to - 5 mPD |
The seabed was mainly composed of boulders/bedrocks with
sand and rubbles in between. Visibility
was fair (~1.0m) along the transect. Several encrusting form coral colonies were
recorded along the transect e.g. Porites sp., Goniopora stutchburyi, Plesiastrea versipora plus a few branching
soft coral Euplaxuea. The transect started
from north-west to south-east direction. |
|
C1 |
-4 to –6 mPD |
The seabed was composed of boulders/bedrocks and in some
parts with sand. Visibility was
fair (~1.0m) along the transect. Seven hard coral colonies were recorded
along the transect which are Turbinaria peltata, Porites sp., Plesiastrea versipora, Favia speciosa, Cyphastrea serailia, Favites
abdita. The
transect started from the west to the east. |
|
D1 |
-3 to –5 mPD |
The seabed was mainly composed of bedrocks/ boulders at
the southern exposed part (at the beginning of the transect)
and gradually become rubbles and sands in the more sheltered bay (at the end
of transect). Visibility was fair
(~1m – 1.5m) along the transect. Over ten hard coral colonies were found
along the transect e.g. Goniastrea aspera, Platygyra acuta, Plesiastrea versipora, Porites sp.,
Favia speciosa, Acropora solitaryensis, Psammocora superficialis, Pavona
decussata, Leptastrea purpurea etc. A patch of sea anemone bed was located at
80m of the transect. The transect started
from the south to north. |
|
E1 |
-2.5 to -4 mPD |
The seabed was composed of boulder and sand. Visibility was fair (~1m). Hard coral colonies were distributed at
the beginning of the transect. Coral species included Psammocora superficialis, Favia favus,
Favia lizardensis, Favia rotumana, Plesiastrea versipora, Coscinarea sp.
etc. were recorded along the transect. The transect started
from the south to the north. |
Table 19 Seabed
Attributes Along the Survey Transects
|
|
Transect |
||||
|
|
A1 |
B1 |
C1 |
D1 |
E1 |
|
Seabed attributes * |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hard
substrate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Continuous
pavement |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bedrock |
|
3 |
4 |
3 |
|
|
Rubble |
3 |
1 |
|
3 |
2 |
|
Sand |
2 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
|
Silt |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Boulders
– large |
1 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
|
Boulders
– small |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ecological
attributes * |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hard
coral |
|
1 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
|
Dead
standing coral |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Soft
coral |
2 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
Antipatharia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Macroalgae |
|
|
|
|
|
Note: 1 = 1-10% Cover, 2 = 11-30%
Cover, 3 = 31-50% Cover, 4 = 51-75% Cover, 5 = 76-100% Cover.
Table 20 Coral
Species and Their Relative Sizes Recorded Along the Survey Transects
Transect A1
|
Position
(m) |
Species |
Approx.
Colony Diameter (cm) |
Position
(m) |
Species |
Approx. Colony
Diameter (cm) |
|
|
1.5 |
Euplexaura |
30 |
|
46.2 |
Echinomuricea |
20 |
|
9.7 |
Echinomuricea |
30 |
|
46.3 |
Echinomuricea |
30 |
|
12.8 |
Euplexaura |
40 |
|
46.9 |
Echinomuricea |
20 |
|
13.2 |
Euplexaura |
20 |
|
47.2 |
Echinomuricea |
10 |
|
14.4 |
Echinomuricea |
15 |
|
47.8 |
Echinomuricea |
30 |
|
15 |
Echinomuricea |
15 |
|
48.1 |
Echinomuricea |
15 |
|
16 |
Euplexaura |
10 |
|
48.3 |
Euplexaura |
20 |
|
17.4 |
Echinomuricea |
30 |
|
48.4 |
Echinomuricea |
30 |
|
17.5 |
Echinomuricea |
20 |
|
49.1 |
Echinomuricea |
20 |
|
18 |
Echinomuricea |
30 |
|
49.8 |
Echinomuricea |
30 |
|
20.1 |
Euplexaura |
30 |
|
50 |
Echinomuricea |
20 |
|
21.5 |
Euplexaura |
20 |
|
51.2 |
Euplexaura |
30 |
|
23.1 |
Echinomuricea |
20 |
|
52 |
Echinomuricea |
15 |
|
25 |
Echinomuricea |
30 |
|
52.3 |
Euplexaura |
10 |
|
25.1 |
Echinomuricea |
20 |
|
54.5 |
Echinomuricea |
30 |
|
26 |
Echinomuricea |
10 |
|
54.8 |
Echinomuricea |
30 |
|
27.4 |
Echinomuricea |
30 |
|
55.3 |
Echinomuricea |
20 |
|
27.8 |
Echinomuricea |
20 |
|
56.4 |
Echinomuricea |
25 |
|
28.5 |
Euplexaura |
20 |
|
58 |
Echinomuricea |
10 |
|
29.4 |
Echinomuricea |
30 |
|
58.7 |
Echinomuricea |
10 |
|
29.6 |
Euplexaura |
20 |
|
58.8 |
Echinomuricea |
30 |
|
30 |
Euplexaura |
20 |
|
58.9 |
Echinomuricea |
20 |
|
30.5 |
Echinomuricea |
15 |
|
59 |
Echinomuricea |
20 |
|
32 |
Echinomuricea |
20 |
|
60 |
Echinomuricea |
30 |
|
32.8 |
Echinomuricea |
15 |
|
61.5 |
Echinomuricea |
20 |
|
33 |
Echinomuricea |
20 |
|
61.7 |
Echinomuricea |
10 |
|
34.4 |
Echinomuricea |
30 |
|
63 |
Echinomuricea |
30 |
|
36.4 |
Echinomuricea |
25 |
|
64 |
Euplexaura |
25 |
|
37.1 |
Echinomuricea |
15 |
|
65 |
Echinomuricea |
15 |
|
38 |
Euplexaura |
15 |
|
69.5 |
Euplexaura |
20 |
|
40 |
Echinomuricea |
20 |
|
72 |
Echinomuricea |
30 |
|
41.8 |
Echinomuricea |
10 |
|
85.4 |
Echinomuricea |
20 |
|
43 |
Echinomuricea |
30 |
|
90.8 |
Echinomuricea |
30 |
|
43.1 |
Echinomuricea |
40 |
|
92.5 |
Euplexaura |
20 |
|
44.1 |
Echinomuricea |
45 |
|
98.9 |
Echinomuricea |
30 |
|
46.1 |
Echinomuricea |
40 |
|
|
|
|
Transect B1
|
Position
(m) |
Species |
Approx.
Colony Diameter (cm) |
|
0.5 |
Porites sp. |
50 |
|
9.7 |
Porites
sp. |
60 |
|
20.1 |
Porites
sp. |
40 |
|
22 |
Goniopora
stutchburyi |
20 |
|
65.4 |
Euplexaura |
15 |
|
67 |
Plesiastrea
versipora |
40 |
Transect C1
|
Position
(m) |
Species |
Approx.
Colony Diameter (cm) |
|
0.1 |
Turbinaria
peltata |
20 |
|
0.5 |
Porites
sp. |
35 |
|
17.4 |
Porites
sp. |
5 |
|
18.4 |
Goniopora
stutchburyi |
10 |
|
91.5 |
Euplexaura |
25 |
|
92 |
Plesiastrea
versipora |
20 |
|
92.2 |
Plesiastrea
versipora |
15 |
Transect D1
|
Position
(m) |
Species |
Approx.
Colony Diameter (cm) |
|
0.3 |
Goniastrea
aspera |
10 |
|
41.2 |
Platygyra
acuta |
30 |
|
46.8 |
Plesiastrea
versipora |
15 |
|
51.2 |
Porites sp. |
20 |
|
54.8 |
Favia
speciosa |
25 |
|
91 |
Acropora solitaryensis |
15 |
|
93.2 |
Porites
sp. |
20 |
|
94.5 |
Psammocora
superficialis |
25 |
|
95 |
Pavona decussata |
15 |
|
100 |
Leptastrea
purpurea |
15 |
Transect E1
|
Position
(m) |
Species |
Approx.
Colony Diameter (cm) |
|
0.4 |
Psammocora
superficialis |
10 |
|
0.8 |
Favia
favus |
15 |
|
1.1 |
Psammocora
superficialis |
15 |
|
1.3 |
Favia
lizardensis |
5 |
|
14.4 |
Plesiastrea
versipora |
25 |
|
17.4 |
Favia
rotumana |
15 |
|
17.6 |
Favia
speciosa |
20 |
|
18.1 |
Coscinarea
sp. |
15 |
|
28 |
Favia
speciosa |
10 |