Contents
8.2 Construction Phase – Evaluation of Waste Generation
8.3 Construction Phase – Recommended Mitigation Measures
8.5 Residual Environmental Impacts
Appendices
Appendix 8A HKLR –
Construction & Demolition Materials Management Plan
Appendix
8B HKBCF – Construction &
Demolition Materials Management Plan
8 WASTE MANAGEMENT
8.1.1 The following legislations relate to the handling, treatment and disposal of waste in HKSAR, and will be considered in assessing potential impacts and their avoidance or mitigation:
· Waste Disposal (Amendment) Ordinance (Cap 354);
· Dumping at Sea Ordinance (Cap 466);
· Land (Miscellaneous Provisions) Ordinance (Cap 28), and
· Public Health and Municipal Service Ordinance (Cap 132) – Public Cleansing and Prevention of Nuisances By-laws.
8.1.2 Under the Waste Disposal (Amendment) Ordinance, some of the regulations are relevant to this EIA, including:
· Waste Disposal (Charges for Disposal of Construction Waste) Regulation (Cap 354); and
· Waste Disposal (Chemical Waste) (General) Regulation (Cap 354).
Waste Disposal (Amendment) Ordinance and the Waste Disposal (Charges for Disposal of Constrcution Waste) Regulation
8.1.3 The Waste Disposal (Amendment) Ordinance (WDO) prohibits unauthorised disposal of wastes. Schedule 5 of the Waste Disposal (Charges for Disposal of Construction Waste) Regulation (Charging Regulation) defines that inert construction waste includes rock, rubble, boulder, earth, soil, sand, concrete, brick, tile, masonry or used bentonite.
8.1.4 Under the WDO and the Charging Regulation, wastes can only be disposed of at designated waste disposal facilities licensed by EPD. For construction work with a value of more than HK$1M, the main contractor is required to establish a billing account at EPD before transporting the construction waste to the designated waste disposal facilities (eg landfill, public fill etc). The vessels for delivering construction waste to public fill reception facility would need prior approval from EPD. Breach of these regulations can lead to a fine and/or imprisonment.
Waste Disposal (Chemical Waste) (General) Regulation
8.1.5 Chemical waste includes any scrap materials, or unwanted substances specified under Schedule 1 of this Regulation, if such a substance or chemical occurs in such a form, quantity or concentration that causes pollution or constitutes a danger to health or risk of pollution to the environment.
8.1.6 A person shall not produce, or cause to be produced, chemical wastes unless he is registered with EPD. Any person who contravenes this requirement commits an offence and is liable to a fine and/or imprisonment. Chemical wastes must be treated, utilising on-site plant licensed by EPD or have a licensed collector to transport the wastes to a licensed facility. For each consignment of wastes, the waste producer, collector and disposer of the wastes must sign all relevant parts of a computerised trip ticket. The system is designed to trace wastes from production to disposal.
8.1.7 This regulation also prescribes the storage facilities to be provided on site including labelling and warning sign. To minimise the risks of pollution and danger to human health or life, the waste producer is required to prepare and make available written emergency procedures for spillage, leakage or accidents arising from storage of chemical wastes. The waste producer must also provide employees with training for such procedures.
Dumping at Sea Ordinance
8.1.8 According to the Dumping at Sea Ordinance, a permit from EPD is required if any waste producer intend to dump materials from vessels to designated marine dumping areas. The Authority will consider a number of factors including sources and nature of materials to be dumped, dumping rates, need for inspection/ testing, water pollution avoidance measures etc before determining whether such a permit would be granted and, where deemed necessary, any conditions to be complied with. Breach of the requirements in the permit would result in a fine and/ or to imprisonment.
Public Cleansing and Prevention of Nuisances Regulation
8.1.9 This regulation provides further control on illegal dumping of litter or waste in street and public places (including water course, stream, channel etc). Offence of this regulation would result in a fine and / or to imprisonment.
8.1.10 The following documents and guidelines also relate to waste management and disposal:
Table 8-1 Other relevant documents and information
|
Bureau / Department |
Documents / Guidelines / Technical Circulars |
|
EPD |
· Technical Memorandum on Environmental Impact Assessment Process (TM-EIAO), Annex 7 – Criteria for Evaluating Waste Management Implications and Annex 15 – Guidelines for Assessment of Waste Management Implications · Waste Reduction Framework Plan, 1998 · Code of Practice on the Packaging, labeling and Storage of Chemical Wastes (1992) |
|
Development Bureau |
· Works Branch Technical Circular (WBTC) No. 32/92, The Use of Tropical Hard Wood on Construction Site · WBTC No. 2/93, Public Dumps · WBTC No 2/93B, Public Filling Facilities · WBTC No. 16/96, Wet Soil in Public Dumps · WBTC Nos. 4/98 and 4/98A, Use of Public Fill in Reclamation and Earth Filling Project · WBTC Nos. 25/99, 25/99A and 25/99C, Incorporation of Information on Construction and Demolition Material Management in Public Works Sub-committee Papers · WBTC No. 12/2000, Fill Management · WBTC No. 19/2001, Metallic Site Hoardings and Signboards · WBTC No. 06/2002, Enhanced Specification for Site Cleanliness and Tidiness · WBTC No. 12/2002, Specification Facilitating the Use of Recycled Aggregates · Environment, Transport and Works Bureau Technical Circular (ETWBTC) (Works) No. 33/2002, Management of Construction and Demolition Material Including Rock · ETWBTC (Works) No. 34/2002, Management of Dredged / Excavated Sediment · ETWBTC (Works) No. 31/2004, Trip-ticket System for Disposal of Construction and Demolition Material · ETWBTC (Works) No. 19/2005, Environmental Management on Construction Sites |
|
EPD / CEDD |
· New Disposal Arrangements for Construction Waste (1992) |
|
PlanD |
· Environmental Guidelines for Planning In |
Construction & Demolition Material Management
8.1.11 According to ETWBTC (Works) No. 33/2002, for Designated Projects, a Construction & Demolition Material Management Plan (C&DMMP) has to be submitted together with the Environmetnal Impact Assessment (EIA) Report to the Public Fill Committee (PFC) for approval in case of C&D materials exceed 50,000m³.
8.1.12 ETWBTC (Works) No. 19/2005 sets out the policy and procedures requiring contractors to prepare and implement an environmental management plan to encourage on-site sorting of C&D materials and to reduce C&D waste generation during construction.
Disposal Criteria for Dredged Sediment
8.1.13 ETWBTC (Works) No. 34/2002 stipulates the procedures for seeking approval to dredged sediment and the management framework for marine disposal of such sediment. Applications for approval of dredging proposal and allocation of marine disposal shall be made to the Secretary of Marine Fill Committee (MFC). Marine Dumping Permits as stipulated under the Dumping at Sea Ordinance are required from EPD for the disposal of dredged sediment.
8.2.1 The construction of HKLR and HKBCF will involve a number of activities which will generate wastes. The major construction activities are described in Section 4 and are summarised below:
|
HKLR |
· Dredging, construction of seawalls, and reclamation to a formation level of about +5.0mPD to provide an approximately 23 ha land platform in which about 19 ha is for the tunnel/at-grade road in HKLR and the remaining 4 ha is provided for HKBCF to construct the connection road between HKBCF and airport; · Construction of land and marine viaducts with a total length of about 9.4 km; · Construction of about 1.1 km long tunnel; and · Construction of roads, footpaths, roadside planters, signage and road markings, road lighting, utility works, landscaping works and all other associated roadworks. |
|
HKBCF |
· Dredging, construction of seawalls, and reclamation to a formation level of about +5.0mPD to provide an approximately 130 ha land platform; · Construction of buildings including Passenger Clearance Buidling and accommodation for and facilities of the frontline departments; · Construction of highway structures and roads for connection of HKBCF to HZMB, HKLR, TMCLKL and Airport; · Construction of the Automated People Mover (APM) to serve the transit passengers between HKBCF and the Airport; · Construction of stormwater drainage system, sewerage system, water supply system; · Construction of supporting infrastructure including public transport interchange and government supporting facilities, etc; and · Construction of roads, footpaths, roadside planters, signage and road markings, road lighting, utility works, landscaping works and all other associated roadworks. |
8.2.2 These construction activities would generate a variety of wastes including:
· Dredged marine sediment;
· C&D materials / waste;
· Chemical waste; and
· General refuse.
8.2.3 In addition to the above materials and wastes, the reclamation would also require fill materials. The handling and disposal of these materials and wastes will require proper management in order not to cause environmental impacts and nuisance. The nature and quantity of each of these waste types are discussed below.
Assessment Methodology
8.2.4 The C&DMMP has been prepared as per ETWBTC (Works) No. 33/2002 and is attached in Appendix 8A for HKLR and Appendix 8B for HKBCF for reference. The quantities and nature of the wastes have been estimated in the C&DMMP and are extracted and presented in this EIA Report for easy reference.
8.2.5 The potential environmental impacts associated with the handling and disposal of waste arising from the construction works will be assessed in accordance with the following:
· Estimation of the types, timing and quantities of the wastes to be generated; and
· Assessment of the potential environmental impact on the capacity of waste collection, transfer and disposal facilities.
8.2.6 Secondary environmental impacts due to the management of waste, including potential air emission and noise impact arising from the temporary surcharging, barging facility etc have been assessed and evaluated in other relevant sections.
Dredged Marine Sediment – HKLR & HKBCF
8.2.7 As discussed in the C&DMMP attached in Appendix 8A and Appendix 8B, both non-dredged and dredged reclamation methods had been considered in various aspects including environmental, engineering practicability, proven technology etc. It has been concluded that, irrespective of using either non-dredged or dredged reclamation methods, the use of non-dredge method such as Sand Compaction Piles (SCP) in HKLR and HKBCF is subject to the site constrains and programme requirements. Therefore, the dredging for seawall foundation would be inevitable so as to achieve the required stability of seawalls.
8.2.8 The current engineering design in the reclamation of HKLR and HKBCF has minimized the fully dredged areas so as to reduce the sediment dredging as far as practicable. The detailed description of the reclamation layout of HKLR and HKBCF considered in this Chapter of EIA Report is provided in the C&DMMP attached in Appendix 8A and Appendix 8B. A summary of the reduction in dredging amount (bulk volume with bulking factor of 1.3) between the dredged and proposed reclamation method is given below.
|
|
Dredged Method |
Proposed Reclamation Method |
Reduction in Dredging Amount |
|
HKLR (reclamation+ piling) |
6.3 Mm3 |
6.0 Mm3 |
0.3 Mm3 (ie about 5 % reduction) |
|
HKBCF |
45.1 Mm3 |
18.7 Mm3 |
26.4 Mm3 (ie about 59 % reduction) |
Note: Above figures include dredging to form the pits for Mf sediment and the excavation of sediments in bored pile excavation works.
8.2.9
For the reclamation of HKLR, it is narrow in shape along the east
shoreline of
8.2.10 To summarise, this minimized amount of marine sediment (ie 5.3 Mm3 in HKLR and 17.8 Mm3 in HKBCF) has to be dredged due to the following reasons. The generation of the sediment would be mostly within the first and second years of construction.
· Achieve the required stability of seawalls; and
· Avoid the stability and seepage problems due to deep excavation in the soft materials during construction of the underground structures (such as the tunnel and underground APM station) after the land is reclaimed.
8.2.11 A preliminary marine ground investigation with sediment sampling and laboratory testing has been undertaken in accordance with the requirements in ETWBTC (Works) No. 34/2002.
8.2.12 According to the ETWBTC (Works) No. 34/3002, the marine sediment to be dredged is classified as Category L (i.e. require Type 1 - Open Sea Disposal), Category Mp (i.e. require Type 1 - Open Sea Disposal (Dedicated Sites)), Category Mf (i.e. require Type 2 - Confined Marine Disposal), Category Hp (i.e. require Type 2 - Confined Marine Disposal) and Category Hf (i.e. require Type 3 - Special Treatment /Disposal).
8.2.13 Chemical and biological tests had been conducted as per the technical requirements in ETWBTC (Works) No. 34/2002. The measurement and assessment methodology are detailed in Section 7. The following table summarises the estimated quantity of each category of sediment to be dredged:
Table 8-2 Summary of Sediment to be Disposed
|
Disposal Method [1] |
Category [1] |
Quantity to be disposed (bulk volume), Mm3 |
|
HKLR |
|
|
|
Type 1 – |
L [2] |
5.44 Mm3 [5] |
|
Type 1 – |
0.18 Mm3 [5] |
|
|
Type 2 – Confined Marine Disposal |
Mf [4] |
0.33 Mm3 [6] |
|
Type 2 – Confined Marine Disposal |
Hp |
-- |
|
Type 3 – Special Treatment/Disposal |
Hf |
-- |
|
Total |
|
5.95 Mm3 |
|
HKBCF |
|
|
|
Type 1 – |
L [2] |
13.69 Mm3 [5] |
|
Type 1 – |
4.68 Mm3 [5] |
|
|
Type 2 – Confined Marine Disposal |
Mf [4] |
0.35 Mm3 [6] |
|
Type 2 – Confined Marine Disposal |
Hp |
-- |
|
Type 3 – Special Treatment/Disposal |
Hf |
-- |
|
Total |
|
18.72 Mm3 |
Notes: [1] as per ETWBTC (Works) No. 34/2002
[2] < Lower Chemical Exceedance Level
[3] > Lower & =< Upper Chemical Exceedance Level, biological test passed.
[4] > Lower & =< Upper Chemical Exceedance Level, biological test failed.
[5] For Category L and Mp sediments, cross-boundary disposal to mainland is proposed.
[6] For the Category Mf sediment, it is proposed to redeposit the dredged Mf sediment within the corresponding reclamation site (i.e. Mf from HKLR to be redeposited within HKLR reclamation site and Mf from HKBCF to be redeposited within HKBCF reclamation site). Details and the assessment of water quality impacts are provided in Section 9.10.4.
8.2.14 The dredging operations, and the handling and disposal of contaminated sediments may cause impacts to the marine environment and its ecology if proper management measures are not implemented. The dispersion of suspended solids and the release of contaminants from the contaminated sediment into the water column can lead to significant consequences, including effects to marine organisms and the food chain. Assessment of potential impacts relating to sediment and water quality has been documented in Section 9. With proper preventive and mitigation measures in place for handling, transport and disposal as per the requirements given in the ETWBTC (Works) No. 34/2002, no insurmountable environmental impacts would be anticipated.
C&D Materials Generated – HKLR
8.2.15 The following Table 8-3a gives the estimated quantity of C&D materials to be generated in accordance with the C&D Material Management Plan for HKLR (see Appendix 8A).
Table 8-3a Estimated Quantities of C&D Materials Generated in HKLR
|
Material |
Weight (million tonnes) |
Sources |
|
Inert
C&D soft
materials
|
1.00 |
· Excavation for tunnels. · Bored pile excavation of viaducts (land portion). |
|
0.90 |
· Materials generated from removal of surplus surcharge materials from the reclamation at last stage. |
|
|
Grade III rock (low quality rock) |
0.10 |
· Excavation for tunnels. · Bored pile excavation of viaducts. |
|
Grade I & II rock (good quality rock) |
0.40 |
· Excavation for tunnels. · Bored pile excavation of viaducts. |
|
C&D Waste |
0.019 |
· Formwork after used. · Excavated top soil. |
|
Total: |
2.42 |
|
Notes:
1. The above quantities are based on the insitu density of soil and rock to be 2.0 tonnes/m3 and 2.5 tonnes/m3 respectively. The density of soil and rock (bulked) is 1.8 tonnes/m3 and 2.0 tonnes/m3 respectively.
2. The above quantities are estimated from ground investigation information currently available. These quantities will be reviewed when the foundation design of infrastructure works and the further ground investigation information are available in the detailed design stage.
8.2.16 The estimated quantity of C&D materials (soft and rock material, not including surplus surcharge) generated in HKLR is about 1.5 million tonnes (bulk volume 0.81 Mm3). It is anticipated that a large portion of the C&D materials from the infrastructure works (such as the tunnel excavation works within the reclamation) would be generated after the reclamation of HKLR. For those excavated C&D materials (about 0.78 million tonnes out of the total of 1.5 million tonnes) generated after Early 2013 when the reclamation is completed, it could not be reused as the reclamation fill in HKLR and therefore they would need to be disposed off site. These surplus C&D materials would be delivered to HKBCF and reused as the fill material in HKBCF reclamation in which filling work is scheduled to be carried out up to 2014 according to the tentative programme. The above arrangement will be reviewed when the detailed construction programme of HKLR and HKBCF is available.
8.2.17 The reclamation surcharge material is the imported public fill and it would be reused as the reclamation fill or the surcharge for the subsequent stages of reclamation works. However, the last stage surcharge material would need to be disposed off site. The estimated quantity of last stage surcharge material to be disposed is about 0.9 million tonnes (bulk volume 0.5 Mm3).
8.2.18 Measures to minimise generation of C&D materials in HKLR including:
· Use the non-dredged reclamation method as far as practicable – Apart from the seawall trench and tunnel area in which full-dredging is required, the non-dredge method with band drains and surcharge is adopted in other reclamation areas as far as practicable.
· Adoption of viaduct instead of tunnel – It is proposed to adopt tunnel only from Scenic Hill to the SE side of Airport Island in order to minimize the environmental and visual impacts to Tung Chung. The use of viaduct instead of tunnel at other portions of HKLR would reduce the generation of C&D materials.
· Adoption of steel forwork for standard sections of RC structures – steel formwork would be used for the RC structural works as far as practicable to minimize the use of timber formwork and generation of C&D waste.
C&D Materials Generated – HKBCF
8.2.19 The following Table 8-3b gives the estimated quantity of C&D materials to be generated in accordance with the C&D Material Management Plan for HKBCF (see Appendix 8B).
Table 8-3b Estimated Quantities of C&D Materials Generated in HKBCF
|
Material |
Weight (million tonnes) |
Soruces |
|
Inert
C&D soft
materials
|
2.55 |
· Bored pile excavation for viaducts, footbridges and other structures. · Excavation for the shallow foundation of the buildings. · Excavation for land portion of APM tunnel and the underground station in HKBCF. |
|
4.50 |
· Materials generated from removal of surplus surcharge materials from the reclamation at last stage. |
|
|
Others C&D (reusable bituminous material) |
0.018 |
· Excavation of existing bituminuous
carriageways in |
|
Grade III or below rock |
0.36 |
· Bored pile excavation (i.e. rock socket) for the viaducts, footbridges and other structures. |
|
C&D Waste |
0.012 |
· Timber formwork after used. · Muddy material (i.e. marine sediment) from bored pile escavation. |
|
Total: |
7.44 |
|
Notes:
1. The above quantities are based on the insitu density of soil and rock to be 2.0 tonnes/m3 and 2.5 tonnes/m3 respectively. The density of soil and rock (bulked) is 1.8 tonnes/m3 and 2.0 tonnes/m3 respectively.
2. The above quantities are estimated from ground investigation information currently available. These quantities will be reviewed when the foundation design of infrastructure works and the further ground investigation information are available in the detailed design stage.
8.2.20 The estimated quantity of C&D materials (soft and rock material, not including surplus surcharge) generated in HKBCF is about 2.93 million tonnes (bulk volume 1.61Mm3). It is anticipated that most of the C&D materials generated from the works in HKBCF Phase 1 would be utilized as fill materials for subsequent reclamation works in HKBCF Phase 2, and thus minimizing disposal of C&D materials off site. However, the C&D materials generated from the works in HKBCF Phase 2 (about 0.71 million tonnes out of the total of 2.93 million tonnes) would need to be disposed off site as these land works are to be carried out after the reclamation.
8.2.21 The reclamation surcharge material is the imported public fill and it would be reused as the reclamation fill or the surcharge for the subsequent stages of reclamation works. However, the last stage surcharge materials would need to be disposed off site. The estimated volume of last stage surcharge materials to be disposed is about 4.5 million tonnes (bulk volume 2.5 Mm3).
8.2.22 The excavated bituminuous material of carriageway (an inert construction material) could be transported to the asphalt production plant/recycling facilitate for the production of reclaimed asphalt pavement material which could be mixed with virgin aggregates and bitumen for new asphalt materials for use in the pavement construction in HKBCF or other roadwork projects.
8.2.23 Measures to minimise generation of C&D materials in HKBCF including:
· Minimize the reclamation area – The BCF layout has been considered in the Value Management Workshop as well as the Option Assessment Report with a view to minimize the reclamation area necessary to support the infrastructure required for the operation of BCF.
· Use the non-dredged reclamation method as far as practicable – The recommended reclamation method is Sequence B given in Section 4 which maximize the use of non-dredged reclamation method with band drains and surcharge as far as practicable.
· Adoption of steel formwork for standard sections of RC structures – The reduction in using steel formwork for the RC structural works would minimize the generation of C&D waste.
On-site sorting of C&D material & Temporary Stockpiles – HKLR & HKBCF
8.2.24 All C&D materials arising from the construction will be sorted on-site to recover the inert C&D materials and reusable and recyclable materials prior to disposal off-site. All inert C&D materials will be broken down by handheld breakers according to the Dumping Licence conditions before disposal to public filling outlets.
8.2.25 Any surplus C&D materials will become the property of the Contractor once they are removed from the site. The Contractor will be responsible for devising a system to work for on-site sorting of C&D materials and promptly remove all sorted and processed material arising from the construction activities to optimise temporary stockpiling on-site. It is recommended that the system should include the identification of the source of generation, estimated quantity, arrangement for on-site sorting and / or collection, temporary storage areas, and frequency of collection by recycling Contractors or frequency of removal off-site.
8.2.26 It has been assumed that inert C&D materials (e.g. soil, building debris, concrete) will be sorted out from C&D materials at source to avoid double handling.
C&D Waste – HKLR & HKBCF
8.2.27 About 18,800 tonnes or 10,000 m3 (bulk volume) of C&D waste will be generated in HKLR throughout the construction works of general site clearance works (i.e. excavation of top soil) and the used formwork for construction of various structures. The content of the waste include vegetation/ organic waste, timber, metal, packaging waste etc. About 14,800 tonnes or 8,000 m3 (bulk volume) of C&D waste is the excavated top soil generated during construction of the tunnel portal. It is proposed to stockpile the excavated top soil and reuse it as the planting soil at the proposed roadside planters and landscaping areas within the site. For the remaining 4,000 tonnes or 2,000 m3 (bulk volume) of C&D waste, it has to be disposed of at landfills after on-site sorting/separation of recyclable waste.
8.2.28 About 12,000 tonnes or 6,700 m3 (bulk volume) of C&D waste will be generated in HKBCF throughout the construction works and the used formwork for construction of various structures. For the bored pile foundation of viaducts, footbridges and other structures located within the non-dredged areas of HKBCF reclamation, it is estimated that an average thickness of 20m soil excavated from the bored piles of these structures would be muddy in nature as the marine deposit at these areas had not been dredged. The total insitu volume of muddy soil spoil generated would be around 0.2 million m3. Based on the current GI information, this muddy material (i.e. marine sediment) is classified as Category L and Mp sediment. As the excavated muddy material could not be reused as fill material and therefore they would be disposed together with the dredged Category L and Mp sediment from the reclamation works of HKBCF. However, if Category Mf or H sediment is found at the areas of above bored pile foundation in the detailed GI works to be carried, a review will be carried out to see if the Mf or H material excavated from bored piles needs to be disposed to the landfill
8.2.29 The majority of the C&D waste in HKBCF is the muddy soil excavated from the bored piles of viaducts, footbridges and other structures located at the non-dredged reclamation areas. The content of waste includes organic waste and other artificial materials such as timber, metal, packaging waste etc. The C&D waste has to be disposed of at landfills after on-site sorting/separation of recyclable waste.
Summary of Materials to be Reused or Disposed – HKLR & HKBCF
8.2.30 The following Tables 8-4a and 8-4b summarise the C&D materials, C&D wastes and marine sediment in HKLR and HKBCF to be reused or disposed of, together with the breakdown for various disposal destinations.
Table 8-4a Summary of C&D Materials, Wastes & Marine Sediment in HKLR
|
Material |
Estimated Quantities [1] |
||||
|
Generated |
Reused on Site |
Rused in other projects[3] |
Disposed of at Landfill |
Other [4] |
|
|
Inert C&D Soft Material |
1.00 (0.55) |
0.4 (0.22) |
0.60 (0.33) |
- |
- |
|
Surplus surcharge |
0.90 [2] (0.50) |
- |
0.90 (0.50) |
- |
- |
|
Grade III rock (Low quality rock) |
0.10 (0.05) |
0.06 (0.03) |
0.04 (0.02) |
- |
- |
|
Grade I or II rock (Good quality rock) |
0.40 (0.20) |
0.26 (0.13) |
0.14 (0.07) |
- |
- |
|
C&D Waste |
0.019 (0.010) |
0.015 (0.008) |
- |
0.004 (0.002) |
- |
|
Category L sediment |
6.28 (5.44) |
- |
- |
- |
6.28 (5.44) |
|
Category Mp sediment |
0.21 (0.18) |
- |
- |
- |
0.21 (0.18) |
|
Category Mf sediment |
0.38 (0.33) |
- |
- |
- |
0.38 (0.33) |
Notes:
1. The unit of above figures is million tonnes (measured in weight). For those figures in brackets, they are bulk volume and the unit is million m3. The density of soil and rock (bulked) is 1.8 tonnes/m3 and 2.0 tonnes/m3 respectively
2. All the surcharge materials is the imported public fill and it is included in the imported public fill (soft materials) in Table 8-5a below. The last stage of surcharge is about 0.9 million tonnes and this figure represents the surplus surcharge material to be disposed off site.
3. Arrangement will be made to reuse the surplus C&D materials in HKBCF reclamation as far as practicable. This will be reviewed when the detailed construction programme of HKLR and HKBCF is available.
4. For the Category L and Mp sediments, cross-boundary disposal to Mainland is proposed. For the Category Mf sediment, it is proposed to redeposit the dredged Mf sediment within the corresponding reclamation site (i.e. Mf from HKLR to be redeposited within HKLR reclamation site and Mf from HKBCF to be redeposited within HKBCF reclamation site). Details and the assessment of water quality impacts are provided in Section 9.10.4.
Table 8-4b Summary of C&D Materials, Wastes & Marine Sediment in HKBCF
|
Material |
Estimated Quantities [1] |
|||||
|
Generated |
Reused on Site |
Reused in Other Projects[4] |
Disposed of at Public Fill Reception Facilities |
Disposed of at Landfill |
Other[5] |
|
|
Inert C&D Soft Material |
2.55 (1.42) |
1.85 (1.03) |
0.70 (0.39) |
- |
- |
- |
|
Surplus surcharge |
4.50 [2] (2.50) |
- |
0.45 [5] (0.25) |
4.05 (2.25) |
- |
- |
|
Grade III or below rock |
0.36 (0.18) |
0.35 (0.17) |
- |
0.01 (0.01) |
- |
- |
|
Others C&D (Reusable Bituminous Material) |
0.018 (0.01) |
0.018 [3] (0.01) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
C&D Waste |
0.012 (0.0067) |
- |
- |
- |
0.012 (0.0067) |
- |
|
Category L sediment |
15.80 (13.69) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
15.80 (13.69) |
|
Category Mp sediment |
5.40 (4.68) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
5.40 (4.68) |
|
Category Mf sediment |
0.41 (0.35) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
0.41 (0.35) |
Notes:
1. The unit of above figures is million tonnes (measured in weight). For those figures in brackets, they are bulk volume and the unit is million m3. The density of soil and rock (bulked) is 1.8 tonnes/m3 and 2.0 tonnes/m3 respectively.
2. All the surcharge materials is the imported public fill and it is included in the imported public fill (soft materials) in Table 8-5b below. The last stage of surcharge is about 4.5 million tonnes and this figure represents the surplus surcharge material to be disposed off site (i.e. to be reused in other projects or disposed of at Public Fill Reception Facilities).
3. The bituminous material will be reused for pavement construction n HKBCF or other roadwork projects.
4. The disposal of surplus C&D material to other projects is subject to further discussions with the project office of these projects. Details of the liaison with the project office of these projects are given in Appendix 8B.
5. For the Category L and Mp sediments, cross-boundary disposal to Mainland is proposed. For the Category Mf sediment, it is proposed to redeposit the dredged Mf sediment within the corresponding reclamation site (i.e. Mf from HKLR to be redeposited within HKLR reclamation site and Mf from HKBCF to be redeposited within HKBCF reclamation site). Details and the assessment of water quality impacts are provided in Section 9.10.4.
Imported Fill Material – HKLR & HKBCF
8.2.31 The estimated quantity of imported fill/ rock materials in the reclamation of HKLR is about 10.98 million tonnes or 6.04 Mm3 (bulk volume). The tentative programme for importing fill/ rock materials is detailed in Table 8-5a below.
Table 8-5a Tentative Programme for Importing Fill/ Rock Materials in HKLR
8.2.32 The estimated quantity of imported fill/ rock materials in the reclamation of HKBCF is about 69.17 million tonnes or 37.97 Mm3 (bulk volume). The tentative programme for importing fill/ rock materials is detailed in Table 8-5b below.
Table 8-5b Tentative Programme for Importing Fill/ Rock Materials in HKBCF
|
Material Type |
Weight (million tonnes) |
|||||||
|
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
2016 |
Total |
|
|
Soil (sandfill) |
2.47 |
22.50 |
16.60 |
1.85 |
|
|
|
43.42 |
|
Others (armour) |
|
|
0.90 |
0.60 |
|
|
|
1.50 |
|
Others (public fill – soft materials) including surcharge |
|
0.45 |
12.05 |
4.30 |
0.65 |
|
|
17.45 |
|
Others (public fill –rock materials) |
|
5.05 |
1.75 |
|
|
|
|
6.80 |
|
Total |
2.47 |
28.00 |
31.30 |
6.75 |
0.65 |
|
|
69.17 |
8.2.33 For the public fill (soft materials) to be used in the reclamation of this project, it should (besides meeting the general requirements for public fill) also comply with the requirements for General Filling material as stipulated in the General Specification for Civil Engineering Works.
8.2.34 For the public fill (rock materials) to be used in seawalls, it should (besides meeting the general requirements for public fill) also comply with the requirements of Grade 400 Rock Fill materials as stipulated in the General Specificiation for Civil Engineering Works for the filling in seawall trench and seawall core.
8.2.35 Sandfill is assumed from various sources such as Mainland China. Public fill is assumed from the Fill Bank and other projects which generate substantial C&D materials. According to the latest information from MTRCL on their new railway projects, about 6.8 million tonnes public fill (rock materials) would be available from Early 2011 to Mid 2012 and it is planned that these materials would be reused in the construction of seawalls in HKBCF project. Therefore the rock fill material required in HKLR needs to be imported from other sources. Liaison is being made with the project office of other projects such as Development at Anderson Road and Harbour Area Treatment Scheme Stage 2A to see if surplus rock material could be available from these projects and priority will be given to use these materials in HKLR.
8.2.36 For the public fill (soft materials), about 22 million tonnes would be available from MTRCL’s projects between 2011 and 2016. In addition, there is about 0.57 million tonnes of surcharge material stockpiled at Tung Chung Phase IIIA and more than 10 million tonnes public fill available from the Fill Bank for the reclamation works of HKLR and HKBCF. Arrangement will also be made to reuse the surplus C&D materials from HKLR and TMCLKL as filling materials in HKBCF as far as practicable. Therefore, there should be sufficient supply of public fill (soft materials) from the above sources. Liaison with relevant parties such as CEDD and MTRCL is in progress to confirm the detailed arrangement of supplying the public fill materials to HKLR and HKBCF.
8.2.37 According to the latest information received, the tentative programme showing the C&D materials available from other projects (e.g. MTRCL’s railway projects) and the demand of public fill in HKLR and HKBCF is given in Appendix 8C.
8.2.38 Chemical wastes likely to be generated from the construction activities and associated facilities will include:
· Scrap batteries or spent acid/alkali from their maintenance;
· Used paint, engine oils, hydraulic fluids and waste fuel;
· Spent mineral oils/cleansing fluids from mechanical machinery; and
· Spent solvents/solutions, some of which may be halogenated, from equipment cleansing activities.
8.2.39 Chemical waste may pose serious environmental, health and safety hazards if not stored and disposed of in an appropriate manner as outlined in the Waste Disposal (Chemical Waste) (General) Regulation and the Code of Practice on the Packing, Labelling and Storage of Chemical Waste. These hazards may include:
· Toxic effects to workers;
· Adverse effects on air quality, water quality and land contamination from spills;
· Disruption of sewerage treatment works if chemical waste enter into the sewerage system; and
· Fire hazards.
8.2.40 It is difficult to quantify the amount of chemical waste as it will be highly dependent on the Contractor’s on-site maintenance practice and the quantities of plant and vehicles utilized. However, it is anticipated that the quantity of chemical waste, such as lubricating oil and solvent produced from plant maintenance will be small and in the order of few hundred litres per month.
8.2.41 Chemical waste, irrespective of the likely small amount, would pose serious environmental, health and safety hazards if not properly managed. Such hazards would include:
· Toxic effects to workers;
· Adverse effects on water quality from spills;
· Fire hazards;
· Disruption of sewage treatment works should the chemical waste enter the sewerage system.
8.2.42 The amount of chemical waste arising from the construction activities would depend on the contractor’s on-site maintenance practices and the amount of plant and number of vehicles deployed. Relatively small quantity of chemical waste, such as lubricating oil and solvent, produced from plant maintenance would be anticipated, which would be collected by licensed collectors for subsequent disposal at licensed waste disposal facilities, such as the Chemical Waste Treatment Centre in Tsing Yi. With the implementation of proper preventive and mitigation measures for handling, transport and disposal, no insurmountable environmental impacts would be anticipated.
8.2.43 Sewage will arise from amenity facilities used by the construction workforce and site office’s sanitary facilities. Night soil from chemical toilets will also be generated. The sludge needs to be properly managed to minimise odour and potential health risks to the workforce by attracting pests and other disease vectors.
8.2.44 The number of construction workers to be employed on site is not available at this stage, but is anticipated to be about 600 staff in HKLR and 700 staff in HKBCF in the peak period. As the workers will be scattered within the construction site, the most cost-effective solution will be to provide adequate number of portable toilets within the site to ensure that sewage from site staff is properly collected. Depending on site conditions, land availability and site activities, the locations and number of portable toilets will be determined in the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to be submitted by the Contractor. No adverse waste impact is envisaged provided that maintenance by licensed contractors is conducted regularly.
8.2.45 The presence of a construction site with workers and site office will result in the generation of a variety of general refuse requiring disposal. General refuse will mainly consist of food waste, aluminium cans and waste paper.
8.2.46 The storage of general refuse has the potential to give rise to adverse environmental impacts. These include odour if the waste is not collected frequently (for example, daily), windblown litter, water quality impacts if waste enters waster bodies, and visual impact. The sites may also attract pests, vermin, and other disease vectors if the waste storage areas are not well maintained and cleared regularly. In addition, disposal of wastes at sites other than approved landfills, can also lead to similar adverse impacts at those sites.
8.2.47 The number of work force (clerical and workers) to be employed for the project is not available at this stage, but is anticipated to be about 600 staff in HKLR and 700 staff in HKBCF in the peak period. On this basis, the total refuse generated per day would be about 850kg/day, assuming the refuse generated rate is 0.65kg/head/day. Provided that the mitigation measures are adopted, the potential environmental impacts caused by the storage, handling, transport and disposal of general refuse is expected to be minimal. It is recommended that general refuse should be collected on a daily basis for disposal. Given the small quantity of general refuse, adverse impacts to the operation of the landfills are not expected.
8.3 Construction Phase – Recommended Mitigation Measures
8.3.1 The requirements as recommended in ETWBTC (Works) No. 19/2005 Environmental Management on Construction Sites and its latest version, and other relevant guidelines, should be included in the Particular Specification for the Contractor as appropriate.
8.3.2 Each tenderer should be requested to submit an outline WMP for tender assessment. Prior to the commencement of construction work, the Contractor should prepare a WMP to provide an overall framework for waste management and reduction. It should contain the following key elements:
· Waste management policy;
· Record of generated waste;
· Waste reduction target;
· Waste reduction programme;
· Role and responsibility of waste management team;
· Benefit of waste management;
· Analysis of waste materials;
· Reuse, recycling and disposal plans;
· Transportation process of waste products; and
· Monitoring and action plan.
8.3.3 Waste management options with less environmental impacts are preferred. The waste management hierarchy should be as follows:
· Avoidance and minimization;
· Reuse of materials;
· Recovery and recycling; and
· Treatment and disposal.
8.3.4 This hierarchy should be used to evaluate the waste management options to allow maximum waste reduction and often reducing costs. For example, by reducing or eliminating over-ordering of construction materials, waste is avoided and costs are reduced both in terms of purchasing raw materials and disposing of wastes. Records of quantities of wastes generated, recycled and disposal (locations) should be properly kept.
8.3.5 A trip-ticket system should be established in accordance with ETWBTC (Works) No. 31/2004 and Waste Disposal (Charges for Disposal of Construction Waste) Regulation to monitor the disposal of public fill and solid wastes at public filling facilities and landfills, and to control fly-tipping. A trip-ticket system will be included as one of the contractual requirements and implemented by the Contractor. The Engineer shall audit the result of the system.
8.3.6 A recording system for the amount of waste generated, recycled and disposed of (including the disposal sites) should be established during the construction phase. The Contractor should provide training to workers on the concepts of site cleanliness and on appropriate waste management procedures, including waste reduction, reuse and recycling at the beginning of the Contract.
8.3.7 The recommended mitigation measures for other waste types are described as follows.
8.3.8 The Project Proponent shall notify CEDD of the estimated spoil volumes to be generated, and liaise and agree with the Public Fill Committee for the disposal of any surplus inert C&D materials including good quality rock during detailed design of the project. Wherever practicable, C&D materials should be segregated from other wastes to avoid contamination and ensure acceptability at public filling areas or reclamation sites. The surplus C&D material, mainly surcharge material resulting from reclamation works, would be reused within the site as much as possible. The following mitigation measures should be implemented in handling the waste:
· Maintain temporary stockpiles and reuse excavated fill material for backfilling and reinstatement;
· Carry out on-site sorting;
· Make provisions in the Contract documents to allow and promote the use of recycled aggregates where appropriate;
· Adopt ‘Selective Demolition’ technique to demolish the existing structures and facilities with a view to recovering broken concrete effectively for recycling purpose, where possible;
· Implement a trip-ticket system for each works contract to ensure that the disposal of C&D materials are properly documented and verified; and
· Implement an enhanced Waste Management Plan similar to ETWBTC (Works) No. 19/2005 – “Environmental Management on Construction Sites” to encourage on-site sorting of C&D materials and to minimize their generation during the course of construction.
· In addition, disposal of the C&D materials onto any sensitive locations such as agricultural lands, etc. should be avoided. The Contractor shall propose the final disposal sites to the Project Proponent and get its approval before implementation.
8.3.9 Standard formwork or pre-fabrication should be used as far as practicable in order to minimise the arising of C&D materials. The use of more durable formwork or plastic facing for the construction works should be considered. Use of wooden hoardings should not be used, as in other projects. Metal hoarding should be used to enhance the possibility of recycling. The purchasing of construction materials will be carefully planned in order to avoid over ordering and wastage.
8.3.10 The Contractor should recycle as much of the C&D materials as possible on-site. Public fill and C&D waste should be segregated and stored in different containers or skips to enhance reuse or recycling of materials and their proper disposal. Where practicable, concrete and masonry can be crushed and used as fill. Steel reinforcement bar can be used by scrap steel mills. Different areas of the sites should be considered for such segregation and storage.
8.3.11 HKSAR has developed and implemented a charging policy for the disposal of waste to landfill. It will provide additional incentive to reduce the volume of waste generated and to ensure proper segregation to allow disposal of inert material to public filling areas.
Chemical Waste
8.3.12 Chemical waste producers should be registered with EPD. For those processes which generate chemical waste, the Contractor shall identify any alternatives that generate reduced quantities or even no chemical waste, or less dangerous types of chemical waste.
8.3.13 Chemical waste should be handled in accordance with the Code of Practice on the Packaging, Handling and Storage of Chemical Wastes as follows. Containers used for storage of chemical wastes should:
· Be suitable for the substance they are holding, resistant to corrosion, maintained in a good condition, and securely closed;
· Have a capacity of less than 450 L unless the specification have been approved by EPD; and
· Display a label in English and Chinese in accordance with instructions prescribed in Schedule 2 of the Regulations.
8.3.14 The storage area for chemical wastes should:
· Be clearly labelled and used solely for the storage of chemical wastes;
· Be enclosed on at least 3 sides;
· Have an impermeable floor and bunding, of capacity to accommodate 110% of the volume of the largest container or 20% by volume of the chemical waste stored in the area, whichever is greatest;
· Have adequate ventilation;
· Be covered to prevent rainfall entering (water collected within the bund must be tested and disposed as chemical waste, if necessary); and
· Be arranged so that incompatible materials are adequately separated.
8.3.15 Disposal of chemical waste should:
· Be via a licensed waste collector; and
· Be to a facility licensed to receive chemical waste, such as the CWTC which also offers a chemical waste collection service and can supply the necessary storage containers; or
· Be to a re-user of the waste, under approval from EPD.
8.3.16 Adequate numbers of portable toilets should be provided for the workers. The portable toilets should be maintained in a reasonable state, which will not deter the workers from utilizing these portable toilets. Night soil should be collected by licensed collectors regularly.
8.3.17 General refuse generated on-site should be stored in enclosed bins or compaction units separately from construction and chemical wastes. A reputable waste collector should be employed by the Contractor to remove general refuse from the site, separately from construction and chemical wastes, on a daily basis to minimize odour, pest and litter impacts. Burning of refuse on construction sites is prohibited by law.
8.3.18 Aluminium cans are often recovered from the waste stream by individual collectors if they are segregated and made easily accessible. Separate labelled bins for their deposit should be provided if feasible.
8.3.19 Office wastes can be reduced through the recycling of paper if volumes are large enough to warrant collection. Participation in a local collection scheme should be considered by the Contractor. In addition, waste separation facilities for paper, aluminium cans, plastic bottles etc., should be provided.
8.4.1 During the operational phase, the station and the associated facilities will generate the following wastes. However, given the variation in the nature of the business, it is not possible to quantify the amount of waste that would be generated by the logistic operators. It is also assumed that each operator would need to consider waste separation within their premises they consider appropriate.
· General refuse.
· Industrial waste.
· Chemical waste.
8.4.2 General refuse will arise from the future operators of the HKLR and HKBCF. It is anticipated there would not be any insurmountable impacts during the operational phase.
8.4.3 The requirements given in the Code of Practice on the Packaging, Labelling and Storage of Chemical Wastes should be followed in handling of these chemical wastes. A trip-ticket system should be operated in accordance with the Waste Disposal (Chemical Waste) (General) Regulation to monitor all movements of chemical wastes which will be collected by a licensed collector to a licensed facility for final treatment and disposal.
8.5.1 With the implementation of recommended mitigation measures, residual impacts are not anticipated for both the construction and operational phases.
8.6.1 The quantity and timing for the generation of waste during the construction phase have been estimated. Measures including the opportunity for on-site sorting, reusing excavated materials for reclamation etc, are devised in the construction methodology to minimise the surplus materials to be disposed off-site. The annual disposal quantities for C&D materials and their disposal methods have also been assessed.
8.6.2 Measures have also been recommended for the Contractor to implement during the construction period to minimise the waste generation and any off-site disposal.
8.6.3 The types and quantities of waste that would be generated during the operational phase have been assessed. Recommendations have been made to ensure proper treatment and proper disposal of these wastes.