11
Waste Management Implications
This chapter
presents the findings of the assessment of waste management implications
arising from the Project during the construction and operational phases. Opportunities for waste
avoidance, minimisation, reuse,
recycling and disposal were examined. With the construction material import/
export balancing design approach and the appropriate mitigation measures
implemented during the different phases of the Project, potential environmental
impacts associated with waste management would be insignificant.
The waste
management implication assessment has been conducted in accordance with the
requirements of Annexes 7 and 15 of the TM-EIAO and Clause 3.4.6 of the
EIA Study Brief for the Project.
The relevant legislation
and associated guidance applicable to the present study for the assessment of
water quality impacts include:
The relevant legislation and associated guidance notes relate to the
study for the assessment of waste management implications include:
·
Waste Disposal (Amendment) Ordinance (Cap 354) and
subsidiary Regulations;
·
Environmental Impact Assessment Ordinance (Cap 499)
and subsidiary Regulations;
·
Dumping at Sea Ordinance (Cap 466);
·
Land (Miscellaneous Provisions) Ordinance (Cap 28);
and
·
Public Health and Municipal Service Ordinance (Cap
132) – Public Cleansing and Prevention of Nuisances By-laws.
Under the Waste Disposal (Amendment) Ordinance, some of the regulations
are relevant to this EIA, including:
·
Waste Disposal (Chemical Waste) (General)
Regulation (Cap 354); and
·
Waste Disposal (Charges for Disposal of
Construction Waste) Regulation (Cap 354).
11.2.1 Waste Disposal (Amendment) Ordinance
The Waste Disposal Ordinance (WDO) prohibits unauthorised disposal of
wastes. Construction and Demolition (C&D) waste is not directly defined in
the WDO but is considered as “trade waste” which is defined as waste from any
trade, manufacturer or business, or any wasted building, or civil engineering
materials, but does not include animal waste.
Under the WDO, wastes can only be disposed of
at sites licensed by EPD. Breach of
these regulations can lead to a fine and/ or
imprisonment. The WDO also stipulates the requirements for issuing
licenses for the collection and transportation of wastes. Licenses are however not required for the
collection and transportation of C&D waste or trade waste.
11.2.2
Waste
Disposal (Charges for Disposal of Construction Waste) Regulation
Under the WDO and the Charging Regulation, wastes can only be disposed
of at designated waste disposal facilities licensed by EPD. Schedule 5 of Regulation defines that inert
construction waste includes rock, rubble, boulder, earth, soil, sand, concrete,
brick, tile, masonry or used bentonite. According to Schedule 6 of the
Regulation, construction waste delivered to a landfill for disposal must not
contain more than 50% by weight of inert material. Construction waste delivered
to a sorting facility for disposal must contain more than 50% by weight of
inert material, and construction waste delivered to a public fill reception
facility for disposal must consist entirely of inert material.
For construction work with a value of more than HK$1M, the main
contractor is required to establish a billing account at EPD before
transporting the construction waste to the designated waste disposal facilities
(eg landfill, public fill etc). The vessels for delivering construction waste
to public fill reception facility would need prior approval from EPD. Breach of these regulations can lead to a
fine and/or imprisonment.
Depending on
the percentage of inert materials in the construction waste, construction waste
can be disposed at public fill, sorting facilities, landfills and outlying
islands transfer facilities where different disposal cost would be applied. The
scheme encourages reducing, reusing and sorting of construction waste such that
the waste producer can minimise their disposal fee.
11.2.3
Waste
Disposal (Chemical Waste) (General) Regulation
Chemical waste includes any scrap materials, or unwanted substances
specified under Schedule 1 of this Regulation, if such a substance or chemical
occurs in such a form, quantity or concentration that causes pollution or
constitutes a danger to health or risk of pollution to the environment.
A person shall not produce, or cause to be produced, chemical wastes
unless he is registered with EPD. Any
person who contravenes this requirement commits an offence and is liable to a
fine and/or imprisonment. Chemical wastes must be treated, utilising on-site
plant licensed by EPD or have a licensed collector to transport the wastes to a
licensed facility. For each consignment
of wastes, the waste producer, collector and disposer of the wastes must sign
all relevant parts of a computerised trip ticket. The system is designed to
trace wastes from production to disposal.
This regulation also prescribes the storage facilities to be provided on
site including labelling and warning sign. To minimise the risks of pollution
and danger to human health or life, the waste producer is required to prepare
and make available written emergency procedures for spillage, leakage or
accidents arising from storage of chemical wastes. The waste producer must also
provide employees with training for such procedures.
11.2.4
Dumping
at Sea Ordinance
According to the Dumping at Sea Ordinance, a permit from EPD is required
if any waste producer intend to dump materials from vessels to designated
marine dumping areas. The Authority will
consider a number of factors including sources and nature of materials to be
dumped, dumping rates, need for inspection / testing, water pollution avoidance
measures etc before determining whether such a permit would be granted and,
where deemed necessary, any conditions to be complied with. Breach of the requirements in the permit
would result in a fine and / or to imprisonment.
11.2.5 Land (Miscellaneous Provisions)
Ordinance
The inert portion of C&D materials may be taken to public filling
facilities including public filling area, public filling barging points and
stockpiling areas. These facilities usually form part of land reclamation
schemes and are operated by CEDD. This ordinance requires Dumping Licenses (to
be issued by CEDD) to be obtained by individuals or companies, who deliver
inert C&D materials to the public filling facilities.
Individual licenses and windscreen stickers are issued for each vehicle
involved. Public filling areas will
accept only inert building debris, soil, rock and broken concrete. There is no
size limitation on the rock and broken concrete, and a small amount of timber
mixed with inert material is permissible. The material should, however, be free
from marine mud, household refuse, plastic, metal, individual and chemical
wastes, animal and vegetable matters and any other materials considered unsuitable
by the Filling Supervisor.
11.2.6
Public
Cleansing and Prevention of Nuisances Regulation
This regulation provides further control on illegal dumping of litter or
waste in street and public places (including water course, stream, channel
etc). Offence of this regulation would
result in a fine and / or to imprisonment.
11.2.7
Other
Relevant Guidelines
The following documents and guidelines also relate to waste management
and disposal:
Table
11.1:
Other relevant documents and information
|
Bureau / Department |
Documents / Guidelines / Technical Circulars |
|
ex-Planning,
Environmental and Lands Branch |
·
Waste Disposal Plan for · Waste Reduction Framework Plan, 1998 to 2007 |
|
ex-
Environment, Transport and Works Bureau |
· Works Branch Technical Circular (WBTC) No. 32/92, The Use of Tropical Hard Wood on Construction Site · WBTC No. 2/93, Public Dumps · Works Bureau TC No 2/93B, Public Filling Facilities · WBTC No. 16/96, Wet Soil in Public Dumps · Works Bureau TC Nos. 4/98 and 4/98A, Use of Public Fill in Reclamation and Earth Filling Project · Works Bureau TC Nos. 25/99, 25/99A and 25/99C, Incorporation of Information on Construction and Demolition Material Management in Public Works Sub-committee Papers · Works Bureau TC No. 12/2000, Fill Management · Works Bureau TC No. 19/2001, Metallic Site Hoardings and Signboards · Works Bureau TC No. 06/2002, Enhanced Specification for Site Cleanliness and Tidiness · Works Bureau TC No. 12/2002, Specification Facilitating the Use of Recycled Aggregates · Chapter 4 of the General Guidelines for Management of the Project Administration Handbook (PAH) · ETWBTC (Works) No. 34/2002, Management of Dredged / Excavated Sediment · ETWBTC (Works) No. 19/2005, Environmental Management on Construction Site |
|
DEVB |
· DEVB TC (Works) No 6/2010, Trip-ticket System for Disposal of Construction and Demolition Materials |
|
EPD / CEDD |
· New Disposal Arrangements for Construction Waste (1992) |
|
EPD |
· A Policy Framework for Management of Municipal Solid Waste (2005 -2014), (December 2005) · Code of Practice on the Packaging, Labeling and Storage of Chemical Wastes (1992) |
|
PlanD |
·
|
According to Chapter
4 of the General Guidelines for Management of the Project Administration
Handbook (PAH), for Designated Projects, a Construction &
Demolition Material Management Plan (C&DMMP) has to be submitted to the
Public Fill Committee in case of C&D materials exceed 50,000m3.
ETWBTC (Works) No. 19/2005, Environmental Management on Construction
Site, sets out the policy, procedures and requirements for contractor to
prepare and implement and enhanced Waste Management Plan, which becomes a part
of the Environmental management Plan in accordance with the aforesaid ETWBTC
(Works) No. 19/2005.
11.2.8
Disposal Criteria
for Excavated Sediment
ETWBTC (Works) No. 34/2002 stipulates the procedures for seeking
approval to excavated sediment and the management framework for marine disposal
of such sediment. Applications for
approval of dredging proposal and allocation of marine disposal shall be made
to the Secretary of Marine Fill Committee (MFC).
The potential environmental impacts associated with the handling and
disposal of waste during the construction and operational phase will be
assessed in accordance with the following:
·
Estimation of the
types, timing and quantities of the wastes to be generated; and
·
Assessment of the
potential impact on the capacity of waste collection, transfer and disposal
facilities.
Secondary environmental impacts due to the management of waste,
including potential air emission and noise arising from the temporary spoil
stockpiling and barging facility has been assessed and evaluated in Sections 7 and 8 of this Report respectively.
During the construction phase of the Project, the main activities (land
based) that will potentially generate waste include excavation, demolition and
construction of stations, stabling sidings and associated structures. Typical
waste types associated with these activities include:
·
C&D materials;
·
C&D waste;
·
Excavated marine
sediments;
·
Chemical waste;
and
·
General refuse.
Bituminous materials generated will be
separated from other inert material during the onsite sorting process as far as
practicable.
The proposed station, stabling sidings and
alignment will run through various layers of materials including rock at the bottom
and marine sediments at some of the locations, and fill material on the top.
These materials will need to be excavated for cut-&-cover and open-cut
activities (e.g. tunnels, stations etc). The construction works under this EIA
are to be conducted in stages and the major construction sites are shown in Table 11.2 and Table 11.3 gives the estimated
quantity of C&D materials to be excavated during construction phase.
Table 11.2 : Key Working Sites during Construction of the Project
|
Working Sites |
Activity Period |
|
|
From |
To |
|
|
DIH |
2012 |
2016 |
|
KAT and Refuge Sidings |
2012 |
2015 |
|
HUH Modification Works |
2013 |
2015 |
|
Stabling Sidings at Hung Hom Freight Yard |
2013 |
2017 |
The total volume of C&D materials and
sediments generated is estimated to be 1,458,840m3. A total of
460,000m3 of the materials will be reused in the project, whilst the
remaining 998,840m3 is required to be disposed.
The C&D surplus materials are mainly generated
from station and stabling sidings construction works in early stage of the
Project (Year 2012 - 2015). The fill materials are used for backfilling on top
of station and cut & cover tunnel at later stage (Year 2015 ~ 2017).
Scheduling of construction programme to minimise spoil materials is therefore
not feasible. With the programme mismatch of excavation and backfilling, and
the lack of sufficient temporary stockpile area in urban city area, surplus
materials are required to be disposed of off-site. The construction programme,
however, will be reviewed during the detailed design stage to maximize the
quantity of on-site reused of surplus C&D material when there is
opportunity arisen. Certain amount of surplus materials will be used by other
projects in
Measures have been adopted to minimise
the generation of C&D materials at the outset during the design stage. As excavation cannot be avoided, only limited
measures can be taken to minimise the quantity of C&D materials, including:
·
Reduction
of the size and the number of offline plant rooms;
·
Minimisation
of the overall size of the plant buildings and tunnel box sections through
effective structural scheming for plant building and tunnel layout; and
·
Efficient
use of the space for station layout to minimise the overall width of the
station and tunnel box sections.
On-site sorting of
C&D material
All C&D
materials arising from the construction works will be sorted on-site to recover
the inert C&D materials and reusable and recyclable materials prior to
disposal off-site. All inert C&D
materials will be broken down according to the Dumping Licence conditions
before disposal to public filling outlets by barges. Materials which are not
suitable to use as aggregate will also be separated at the source site as far
as practicable and prevent from delivering to crushing facilities.
The Contractor will
be responsible for devising a system to work for on-site sorting of C&D
materials and promptly remove all sorted and processed material arising from
the construction activities to minimise temporary stockpiling on-site. It is recommended that the system should
include the identification of the source of generation, estimated quantity,
arrangement for on-site sorting and/ or collection, temporary storage areas,
and frequency of collection by recycling Contractors or frequency of removal
off-site.
It has been assumed
that inert C&D materials (e.g. soil, building debris, concrete) will be
sorted out from C&D materials at source. Non-contaminated alluvial and
marine sediments will be transported by leak proof trucks to eliminate water
leakage during transportation to the barging facility for open sea disposal.
The trucks should also be covered with impervious sheeting to prevent any dust
emissions.
In order to identify
materials which are not suitable to use as aggregate in structural concrete
(e.g. volcanic rock, Aplite dyke rock, etc), geological assessment would be
carried out by competent persons on site during excavation. Volcanic rock and
Aplite dyke rock will be separated at the source sites as far as practicable
and stored at designated stockpile areas preventing them from delivering to
crushing facilities. The crushing plant operator would also be reminded to set
up measures to prevent unsuitable rock from ended up at concrete batching
plants and be turned into concrete for structural use. Details regarding
control measures at source site and crushing facilities will be submitted by
the Contractors for the Engineer to review and agree. In addition, site records
will also be kept for the types of rock materials excavated and the
traceability of delivery will be ensured with the implementation of Trip Ticket
System and enforced by site supervisory staff as stipulated under DEVB TC(W)
No. 6/2010 for tracking of the correct delivery to the rock crushing facilities
for processing into aggregates. Alternative disposal option for the reuse of
volcanic rock and Aplite Dyke rock, etc will also be explored.
Due to the nature of the project, it is not
possible to achieve cut and fill balance for individual construction contracts.
With the limited space of project sites, it is also not practicable to stockpile
the excavated materials at individual worksites for subsequent backfilling.
Some of the excavated materials have to be exported off-site. A summary of the reused materials generated
during construction phase is given in Tables
11.3a-b below.
The reused C&D
materials would consist of fill Grade IV and V decomposed granite materials. It
is anticipated that the excavated Grade IV and V decomposed granite materials
consists of mainly Grade V, which is suitable for backfilling. Concrete debris
will not be used as an on-site backfill material due to its relatively large
size, except for those less than 150mm in diameter which can be used as fill
when mixed with general fill materials. It is also difficult to control the quality
of compaction using concrete debris as fill. The actual amount of reused
C&D material will depend on the content and quality of the excavated
materials.
Table 11.3a: Summary of quantities of C&D materials
generated, reused and disposed for the Project
|
Locations |
C&D Materials |
Quantity of C&D Materials, m3 |
|||
|
Generated |
Reused |
Disposed |
|||
|
DIH |
Soft Material |
|
367,900 |
0 |
367,900 |
|
Rock |
All grades |
34,190 |
0 |
34,190 |
|
|
Artificial hard material (AHM) |
Bituminous / Concrete pavement |
11,000 |
5,000 |
6,000 |
|
|
Non-inert |
|
17,650 |
0 |
17,650 |
|
|
Total: |
430,740 |
5,000 |
425,740 |
||
|
KAT |
Soft Material |
|
730,540 |
455,000 |
275,540 |
|
Rock |
All grades |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
Artificial hard material (AHM) |
Bituminous / Concrete pavement |
13,000 |
0 |
13,000 |
|
|
Non-inert |
|
14,880 |
0 |
14,880 |
|
|
Total: |
758,420 |
455,000 |
303,420 |
||
|
HUH |
Soft Material |
|
20,490 |
0 |
20,490 |
|
Rock |
All grades |
40 |
0 |
40 |
|
|
Artificial hard material (AHM) |
Bituminous / Concrete pavement |
2,490 |
0 |
2,490 |
|
|
Non-inert |
|
460 |
0 |
460 |
|
|
Total: |
23,480 |
0 |
23,480 |
||
|
HHS |
Soft Material |
|
169,400 |
0 |
169,400 |
|
Rock |
All grades |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
Artificial hard material (AHM) |
Bituminous / Concrete pavement |
27,610 |
0 |
27,610 |
|
|
Non-inert |
|
3,940 |
0 |
3,940 |
|
|
Total: |
200,950 |
0 |
200,950 |
||
Note:The quantities of waste shown above are estimates only and will be subject to further review during the detailed design and construction stage.
Table 11.3b: Summary of quantities of sediments
generated, reused and disposed for the Project
|
Locations |
Quantity
of Land-based Sediment, m3 |
||
|
Generated |
Reused |
Disposed |
|
|
DIH |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
KAT |
45,250 |
0 |
45,250 |
|
HUH |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
HHS |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Total: |
45,250 |
0 |
45,250 |
Note: The quantities shown above are estimates only and will be subject to further review during the detailed design and construction stage.
The total quantities of C&D materials generated,
reused and disposed for SCL-HHS are summarised in Tables 11.4a-b below.
Table 11.4a: Summary of quantities of C&D materials generated, reused and
disposed for SCL-HHS
|
C&D
Materials |
Quantity
of C&D Materials, m3 |
|||
|
Generated |
Reused |
Disposed |
||
|
Soft
Material |
|
1,288,330 |
455,000 |
833,330 |
|
Rock |
All grades |
34,230 |
0 |
34,230 |
|
Artificial hard
material (AHM) |
Bituminous /
Concrete pavement |
54,100 |
5,000 |
49,100 |
|
Non-inert |
|
36,930 |
0 |
36,930 |
|
Total: |
1,413,590 |
460,000 |
953,590 |
|
Note: The quantities shown above are estimates only and will be subject to further review during the detailed design and construction stage.
Table 11.4b: Summary of quantities of sediments generated, reused and disposed for
SCL-HHS
|
Material |
Quantity
of Land-based Sediment, m3 |
||
|
Generated |
Reused |
Disposed |
|
|
Land-based
Sediment (SCH-HHS) |
45,250 |
0 |
45,250 |
|
Total: |
45,250 |
0 |
45,250 |
Note:The quantities shown above are estimates only and will be subject to further review during the detailed design and construction stage.
Disposal Programme for C&D Material
The Project Proponent shall notify CEDD of the
estimated spoil volumes to be generated, and liaise and agree with the Public
Fill Committee for the disposal of surplus inert C&D materials including
good quality rock during the detailed design phase of the project.
Surplus of rock and spoils materials would be
accepted by other local projects such as Hong Kong Boundary Crossing Facilities
(HKBCF).
The C&D
materials include those from the construction of the stations, stabling sidings
and cut-&-cover tunnels. Certain amount of surplus materials
will be used by other projects in
It is estimated that about 54,100m3 of artificial hard
materials (AHM) will be generated. Broken asphalt will be recycled where
practicable, whereas broken concrete will be disposed of at the public fill.
These hard materials are proposed to be disposed of by trucks or barges to the
Tuen Mun Area 38 or Tseung Kwan O Area 137, as directed by CEDD or to local
recycling facilities.
The estimated disposal programme of surplus
C&D material during construction is shown in Tables
11.5a-b
below:
Table 11.5a: Summary of annual disposal quantities of C&D materials for the
Project
|
Locations |
C&D
Materials |
Annual
Disposal Quantities, m3 |
||||||
|
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
2016 |
2017 |
|||
|
DIH |
Soft
Material |
|
41,760 |
129,130 |
172,310 |
19,000 |
5,700 |
0 |
|
Rock |
All grades |
18,120 |
10,520 |
1,580 |
3,840 |
130 |
0 |
|
|
Artificial
hard material (AHM) |
Bituminous /
Concrete pavement |
3,000 |
3,000 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
Non-inert |
|
2,860 |
4,510 |
4,110 |
4,110 |
2,060 |
0 |
|
|
Total: |
65,740 |
147,160 |
178,000 |
26,950 |
7,890 |
0 |
||
|
KAT |
Soft
Material |
|
43,420 |
131160 |
60700 |
40,260 |
0 |
0 |
|
Rock |
All grades |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
Artificial
hard material (AHM) |
Bituminous /
Concrete pavement |
9,320 |
3,680 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
Non-inert |
|
2,480 |
4,960 |
4,960 |
2,480 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
Total: |
55,220 |
139,800 |
65,660 |
42,740 |
0 |
0 |
||
|
HUH |
Soft
Material |
|
0 |
1390 |
0 |
19100 |
0 |
0 |
|
Rock |
All grades |
0 |
9 |
0 |
30 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
Artificial
hard material (AHM) |
Bituminous /
Concrete pavement |
0 |
380 |
0 |
2100 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
Non-inert |
|
0 |
40 |
0 |
420 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
Total: |
0 |
1820 |
0 |
21660 |
0 |
0 |
||
|
HHS |
Soft
Material |
|
0 |
0 |
166,580 |
1,950 |
0 |
870 |
|
Rock |
All grades |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
Artificial
hard material (AHM) |
Bituminous /
Concrete pavement |
0 |
26,740 |
870 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
Non-inert |
|
0 |
540 |
3,340 |
40 |
0 |
20 |
|
|
Total: |
0 |
27,280 |
170,790 |
1,990 |
0 |
890 |
||
Note: The quantities shown above are estimates only and will be subject to further review during the detailed design and construction stage.
Table 11.5b: Summary of annual disposal quantities of sediments for the Project
|
Locations |
Annual
Disposal Quantities, m3 |
|||||
|
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
2016 |
2017 |
|
|
DIH |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
KAT |
3,120 |
29,490 |
9,830 |
2,810 |
0 |
0 |
|
HUH |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
HHS |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Total: |
3,120 |
29,490 |
9,830 |
2,810 |
0 |
0 |
Note: The quantities shown above are estimates only and will be subject to further review during the detailed design and construction stage.
The total quantities of annual disposal for
the Project are summarised in Table 11.6a-b below.
Table 11.6a: Summary of annual disposal
quantities of C&D materials for the Project
|
C&D
Materials |
Annual
Disposal Quantities, m3 |
||||||
|
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
2016 |
2017 |
||
|
Soft Material |
|
85,180 |
261,680 |
399,590 |
80,310 |
5,700 |
870 |
|
Rock |
All grades |
18,120 |
10,530 |
1,580 |
3,870 |
130 |
0 |
|
Artificial
hard material (AHM) |
Bituminous /
Concrete pavement |
12,320 |
33,800 |
870 |
2,110 |
0 |
0 |
|
Non-inert |
|
5,340 |
10,050 |
12,410 |
7,050 |
2,060 |
20 |
|
Total: |
120,960 |
316,060 |
414,450 |
93,340 |
7,890 |
890 |
|
Note: The quantities shown above are estimates only and will be subject to further review during the detailed design and construction stage.
Table 11.6b: Summary of annual disposal
quantities of sediments for the Project
|
Material |
Annual
Disposal Quantities, m3 |
|||||
|
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
2016 |
2017 |
|
|
Land-based
Sediment (SCH-HHS) |
3,120 |
29,490 |
9,830 |
2,810 |
0 |
0 |
|
Total: |
3,120 |
29,490 |
9,830 |
2,810 |
0 |
0 |
Note: The quantities shown above are estimates only and will be subject to further review during the detailed design and construction stage.
11.4.1.2
C&D Waste
C&D waste will
be generated throughout the construction works from general site clearance
works, tree felling, piling works and earthworks for construction of various
structures. These C&D non-inert materials will be disposed of at NENT
Landfill.
11.4.1.3
Imported Fill Material
It is estimated by
the Engineer that approximately 27,000m³ of fill materials will need to be imported. The imported fill materials are used for
backfilling on top of station and cut and cover tunnel. With the programme
mismatch of excavation and backfilling and the lack of sufficient temporary
stockpiling area in urban city area, surplus materials will be disposed of
off-site. And some of the backfilling materials will have to be imported. The
project proponent shall review the programme during the detail design stage and
maximize the quantity of on-site reused of surplus C&D material.
11.4.1.4 Excavated Contamination Materials
and Marine Sediment
A Contamination Assessment Plan (CAP) has been prepared to set out the
requirements for a contamination evaluation of the Project and it is confirmed that no land contamination
impact is observed within the study area of HHS. The CAP was approved by EPD on
11 October 2011 and is attached in Appendix 12.1 of Section 12 for reference.
No marine sediment
layer was identified for Diamond Hill area. The construction of KAT and refuge
siding, however, requires excavation and disposal of land based sediment. The
sediment quality assessment and disposal will be implemented under SCL(TAW-HUH)
EIA. Given the assessment area under SCL(TAW-HUH) EIA had already covered the
additional refuge siding under this EIA, no additional sediment sampling and
testing would be required.
It is advised by the
Engineer that the general excavation level for Stabling Sidings at Hung Hom
Freight Yard would be ranged from -1.0 mPD to -4.0 mPD. According to the Independent Review Reports (IRRs) on Sediment
Quality Reports (SQRs) for Tai Wai to Hung Hom Section, Cross Harbour Session –
Phase I Mong Kok to Hung Hom Section and Phase II – Hung Hom to Admiralty
Section submitted to EPD in February and March 2011, the marine sediment layer
at Hung Hom area was estimated to lay below -10 mPD and thus it is anticipated
that the marine sediment layer would not be disturbed during construction
phase.
11.4.1.5
Chemical
Waste
Chemical wastes likely to be generated from
the construction activities for the Project and associated facilities will
include:
·
Scrap
batteries or spent acid/alkali from their maintenance;
·
Used
paint, engine oils, hydraulic fluids and waste fuel;
·
Spent
mineral oils/cleansing fluids from mechanical machinery; and
·
Spent
solvents/solutions, some of which may be halogenated, from equipment cleansing
activities.
Chemical waste may pose serious
environmental, health and safety hazards if not stored and disposed of in an
appropriate manner as outlined in the Waste Disposal (Chemical Waste) (General)
Regulation and the Code of Practice on the Packing, Labelling and Storage of Chemical
Waste. These hazards may include:
·
Toxic
effects to workers;
·
Adverse
effects on air, water and land from spills; and
·
Fire
hazards.
It is difficult to quantify the amount of
chemical waste as it will be highly dependent on the Contractor’s on-site maintenance
practice and the quantities of plant and vehicles utilized. However, it is
anticipated that the quantity of chemical waste, such as lubricating oil and
solvent produced from plant maintenance will be small and in the order of few
hundred litres per month.
Chemical waste, irrespective of the likely
small amount, would pose serious environmental, health and safety hazards if
not properly managed. Such hazards would
include:
·
Toxic
effects to workers;
·
Adverse
effects on water quality from spills;
·
Fire
hazards; and
·
Disruption
of sewage treatment works should the chemical waste enter the sewerage
system.
The amount of chemical waste arising from
the construction activities would depend on the contractor’s on-site
maintenance practices and the amount of plant and number of vehicles
deployed. Relatively small quantity of
chemical waste, such as lubricating oil and solvent, produced from plant
maintenance would be anticipated, which would be collected by licensed
collectors for subsequent disposal at licensed waste disposal facilities, such
as the Chemical Waste Treatment Centre in Tsing Yi. With the implementation of
proper preventive and mitigation measures for handling, transport and disposal,
no insurmountable environmental impacts would be anticipated.
11.4.1.6
General
Refuse
The presence of a construction site with
workers and site office will result in the generation of a variety of general
refuse requiring disposal. General refuse will mainly consist of food waste,
aluminium cans and waste paper.
The storage of general refuse has the
potential to give rise to adverse environmental impacts. These include odour if
the waste is not collected frequently (for example, daily), windblown litter,
water quality impacts if waste enters waster bodies, and visual impact. The
sites may also attract pests, vermin, and other disease vectors if the waste
storage areas are not well maintained and cleared regularly. In addition,
disposal of wastes at sites other than approved landfills, can also lead to
similar adverse impacts at those sites.
The number of work force (clerical and
workers) to be employed for the project is not available at this stage, but is
anticipated to be over 450 staff. On
this basis, the total refuse generated per day would be about 300kg/day, assuming
the refuse generated rate is 0.65kg/head/day. Provided that the mitigation
measures are adopted, the potential environmental impacts caused by the
storage, handling, transport and disposal of general refuse are expected to be
minimal. It is recommended that general refuse should be collected on a daily
basis for disposal. Given the small quantity of general refuse, adverse impacts
to the operation of the landfills are not expected.
During the operational phase, the station and the associated facilities
will generate the following wastes:
·
General refuse;
·
Industrial waste;
and
·
Chemical waste.
11.4.2.1 General Refuse and Industrial Waste
General refuse will arise from the public, station employees and
commercial operators within the stations. Waste would include food, paper,
wood, plastic, office waste, metal containers etc. The storage and handling of these wastes may
give rise to environmental impacts.
Maintenance activities of the station and tracks will generate
industrial waste including scrap materials from rail and carriage maintenance,
used fluorescent tubes, used welding rods, cleansing materials and discarded
electronic equipment.
A reputable waste collector should be employed to remove general refuse
and industrial waste from the stations, separately from chemical wastes, on a
daily basis to minimise odour, pest and litter impacts.
Similar to industrial waste, lubricants, paints, used batteries, mineral
oil, coolants, and solvents will be generated during the operational phase
within the stations and alignment areas.
These wastes may pose significant environmental, health and safety
hazard if they are not properly managed.
The requirements given in the Code of Practice on the Packaging,
Labelling and Storage of Chemical Wastes should be followed in handling of
these chemical wastes. A trip-ticket system should be operated in accordance
with the Waste Disposal (Chemical Waste) (General) Regulation to monitor all
movements of chemical wastes which will be collected by a licensed collector to
a licensed facility for final treatment and disposal.
The requirements as recommended in ETWB(W)
No. 19/2005 Environmental Management on Construction Sites and its latest
version, and other relevant guidelines, should be included in the Particular
Specification for the Contractor as appropriate.
The Contractor should incorporate waste management recommendations into
a comprehensive on-site Environmental Management Plan (EMP) based on the Construction
and Demolition Material Management Plan (C&DMMP). The EMP shall be
submitted to the Engineer for approval after commencement of construction. This
should include all factors dependent on individual work sites including
designation of areas for the segregation and temporary storage of materials for
future use or recycling. Such provision cannot be specified at this stage.
Contractors should follow the recommendations of ETWBTC (Works) No. 19/2005 for
on-site separation of waste, and DEVBTC (Works) No. 6/2010 for trip-ticket
system for disposal of construction and demolition material. The EMP shall also
define clearly the hierarchy for waste management on and off-site as well as a
complete list of mitigation measures for handling excavated materials.
Waste management options with less
environmental impacts are preferred. The
waste management hierarchy should be as follows:
·
Avoidance
and minimization;
·
Reuse
of materials;
·
Recovery
and recycling; and
·
Treatment
and disposal.
This hierarchy should be used to evaluate
the waste management options to allow maximum waste reduction and often
reducing costs. For example, by reducing or eliminating over-ordering of
construction materials, waste is avoided and costs are reduced both in terms of
purchasing raw materials and disposing of wastes. Records of quantities of
wastes generated, recycled and disposal (locations) should be properly kept.
A trip-ticket system should be established
and will comply with the Waste Disposal (Charges for Disposal of Construction
Waste) Regulation to monitor the disposal of public fill and solid wastes at
public filling facilities and landfills, and to control fly-tipping. A trip-ticket system will be included as one
of the contractual requirements and implemented by the Contractor. The Engineer
shall audit the result of the system.
A recording system for the amount of waste
generated, recycled and disposed of (including the disposal sites) should be
established during the construction phase.
The Contractor should provide training to workers on the concepts of
site cleanliness and on appropriate waste management procedures, including
waste reduction, reuse and recycling at the beginning of the Contract.
The Project Proponent shall notify CEDD of
the estimated spoil volumes to be generated, and liaise and agree with the
Public Fill Committee (PFC) for the disposal of any surplus inert C&D
materials including good quality rock during detailed design of the project. A
C&DMMP had been submitted to and subsequently endorsed by PFC on 12 August
2011. The PFC endorsement letter was attached in Appendix
11.1. The Project Proponent
will ensure all the mitigation measures mentioned in the C&DMMP and
conditions stated in the endorsement memo will be complied with. Wherever
practicable, C&D materials should be segregated from other wastes to avoid
contamination and ensure acceptability at public filling areas or reclamation
sites. The surplus C&D material would be reused within the site as much as
possible. The project proponent shall obtain confirmation from PFC on the
proposed disposal arrangement before the commencement of the construction
works. No construction work is allowed to proceed until all issues on
management of C&D materials have been resolved and all relevant
arrangements have been endorsed by the relevant authorities including PFC and
EPD.
The following mitigation measures should be
implemented in handling the C&D materials:
·
Maintain
temporary stockpiles and reuse excavated fill material for backfilling and
reinstatement;
·
Carry
out on-site sorting;
·
Make
provisions in the Contract documents to allow and promote the use of recycled
aggregates where appropriate;
·
Adopt
‘Selective Demolition’ technique to demolish the existing structures and
facilities with a view to recovering broken concrete effectively for recycling
purpose, where possible;
·
Implement
a trip-ticket system for each works contract to ensure that the disposal of
C&D materials are properly documented and verified; and
·
Implement
an enhanced Waste Management Plan, which become a part of the Environmental
Management Plan in accordance with “ETWBTC (Works) No. 19/2005 – Waste
Management on Construction Site”, to encourage on-site sorting of C&D
materials and to minimize their generation during the course of construction.
·
In
addition, disposal of the C&D materials onto any sensitive locations such
as agricultural lands, etc. should be avoided.
The Contractor shall propose the final disposal sites to the Project
Proponent and EPD to get their approval before implementation.
11.5.1.2
C&D Waste
The following mitigation measures should be
implemented in handling of C&D waste:
·
Standard
formwork or pre-fabrication should be used as far as practicable in order to
minimise the arising of C&D materials.
The use of more durable formwork or plastic facing for the construction
works should be considered. Use of
wooden hoardings should not be used, as in other projects. Metal hoarding should be used to enhance the
possibility of recycling. The purchasing
of construction materials will be carefully planned in order to avoid over
ordering and wastage.
·
The
Contractor should recycle as much of the C&D materials as possible
on-site. Public fill and C&D waste
should be segregated and stored in different containers or skips to enhance
reuse or recycling of materials and their proper disposal. Where practicable, concrete and masonry can
be crushed and used as fill. Steel
reinforcement bar can be used by scrap steel mills. Different areas of the
sites should be considered for such segregation and storage.
·
HKSAR
has developed and implemented a charging policy for the disposal of waste to
landfill. It will provide additional incentive to reduce the volume of waste
generated and to ensure proper segregation to allow disposal of inert material
to public filling areas.
11.5.1.3 General Refuse
General refuse generated on-site should be
stored in enclosed bins or compaction units separately from construction and
chemical wastes. A reputable waste collector should be employed by the
Contractor to remove general refuse from the site, separately from construction
and chemical wastes, on a daily basis to minimize odour, pest and litter
impacts. Burning of refuse on
construction sites is prohibited by law.
Aluminium cans are often recovered from the
waste stream by individual collectors if they are segregated and made easily
accessible. Separate labelled bins for
their deposit should be provided if feasible.
Office wastes can be reduced through the
recycling of paper if volumes are large enough to warrant collection.
Participation in a local collection scheme should be considered by the
Contractor. In addition, waste separation facilities for paper, aluminium cans,
plastic bottles etc., should be provided.
11.5.1.4
Land-based
Sediment
Possible mitigation measures to handle the
contaminated/ uncontaminated sediment at Kai Tak Area are summarized as
follows:
·
All
construction plant and equipment shall be designed and maintained to minimise
the risk of silt, sediments, contaminants or other pollutants being released
into the water column or deposited in the locations other than designated
location.
·
All
vessels shall be sized such that adequate draft is maintained between vessels and
the sea bed at all states of the tide to ensure that undue turbidity is not
generated by turbulence from vessel movement or propeller wash.
·
Before
moving the vessels which are used for transporting dredged material, excess
material shall be cleaned from the decks and exposed fittings of vessels and
the excess materials shall never be dumped into the sea except at the approved
locations.
·
Adequate
freeboard shall be maintained on barges to ensure that decks are not washed by
wave action.
·
The
Contractors shall monitor all vessels transporting material to ensure that no
dumping outside the approved location takes place. The Contractor shall keep and produce logs
and other records to demonstrate compliance and that journeys are consistent
with designated locations and copies of such records shall be submitted to the
Engineers.
·
The
Contractors shall comply with the conditions in the dumping licence.
·
All
bottom dumping vessels (hopper barges) shall be fitted with tight fittings
seals to their bottom openings to prevent leakage of material.
·
The
material shall be placed into the disposal pit by bottom dumping.
11.5.1.5
Chemical
Waste
Chemical waste producers should be
registered with EPD. For those processes which generate chemical waste, the
Contractor shall identify any alternatives that generate reduced quantities or
even no chemical waste, or less dangerous types of chemical waste.
Chemical waste should be handled in
accordance with the Code of Practice on the Packaging, Handling and Storage of
Chemical Wastes as follows. Containers used for storage of chemical wastes
should:
·
Be
suitable for the substance they are holding, resistant to corrosion, maintained
in a good condition, and securely closed;
·
Have a
capacity of less than 450 L unless the specification have been approved by EPD;
and
·
Display
a label in English and Chinese in accordance with instructions prescribed in
Schedule 2 of the Regulations.
The storage area for chemical wastes should:
·
Be
clearly labelled and used solely for the storage of chemical wastes;
·
Be
enclosed on at least 3 sides;
·
Have an
impermeable floor and bunding, of capacity to accommodate 110% of the volume of
the largest container or 20% by volume of the chemical waste stored in the
area, whichever is greatest;
·
Have
adequate ventilation;
·
Be
covered to prevent rainfall entering (water collected within the bund must be
tested and disposed as chemical waste, if necessary); and
·
Be
arranged so that incompatible materials are adequately separated.
Disposal of chemical waste should:
·
Be via
a licensed waste collector; and
·
Be to a
facility licensed to receive chemical waste, such as the CWTC which also offers
a chemical waste collection service and can supply the necessary storage
containers; or
·
Be to a
re-user of the waste, under approval from EPD.
11.5.2.1
General
Refuse and Industrial Waste
A reputable waste collector should be employed to remove general refuse
and industrial wastes from the stations on a daily basis to minimise odour,
pest and litter impacts.
11.5.2.2
Chemical
Waste
The
requirements given in the Code of
Practice on the Packaging, Labelling and Storage of Chemical Wastes should
be followed, where applicable, in handling of these chemical wastes. A trip-ticket system should be operated in
accordance with the Waste Disposal
(Chemical Waste) (General) Regulation to monitor all movements of chemical
wastes which would be collected by a licensed collector to a licensed facility
for final treatment and disposal. The
details of mitigation measures are as described in Section 11.5.1.5.
With the
implementation of recommended mitigation measures, adverse residual impacts are
not anticipated for both the construction and operational phases.
The quantity
and timing for the generation of waste during the construction phase have been
estimated. Measures, including the
opportunity for on-site sorting, reusing excavated fill materials (stored in
stockpiles) etc, are devised in the construction methodology to minimise the
surplus materials to be disposed off-site via the designated barging
facilities. The annual disposal
quantities for C&D materials and their disposal methods have also been
assessed.
Recommendations
have been made for the Contractor for implementation during the construction
period to minimise the waste generation and any off-site disposal.
The types and quantities of waste that would be generated during the
operational phase have been assessed.
Recommendations have been made to ensure proper treatment and disposal
of these wastes.
[11-1] Agreement No. CE35/2006 (CE) Dredging Works for Proposed
Cruise Terminal at Kai Tak, EIA Report (EIA138/2007), Civil Engineering &
Development Department (2007)
[11-2] Pastorok,
R. A. and Bilyard, G.R. (1985) Effects of sewage pollution on coral-reef
communities. Marine Ecology Progress Series 21: 175-189
[11-3] CIRIA
(2000). Scoping the Assessment of Sediment Plumes from Dredging, CIRIA
Publication C547
[11-4] Fischer,
Hugo B. (1979) Mixing in inland and coastal waters
[11-5] Yiu
Lian Dockyard (2006) Environmental Impact Assessment Report Relocation of Yiu
Lian Floating Dock No. 3
[11-6] Ove
Arup & Partners (2009) Environmental Impact Assessment Report
[11-7] CEDD
(2005) EIA Study Peng Chau Helipad
[11-8] USEPA
(2005) Performance Standard for Dredging Re-suspension
[11-9] EPD
(1999) Update on Cumulative Water Quality and Hydrological Effect of Coastal
Developments and Upgrading of Assessment Tool, Report on Calibration and
Verification of the Hydrodynamic Model
[11-10] TDD
(2001) EIA Study Comprehensive Feasibility Study for the Revised Scheme of
South
[11-11] CEDD
(2008) EIA Study Kai Tak Development Engineering Study cum Design and
Construction of Advance Works – Investigation, Design and Construction
[11-12] Mott
(2009) EIA Study Installation of Submarine Gas Pipelines and Associated
Facilities from To Kwa Wan to North Point for