10.1.1
This section presents the assessment on the cultural
heritage impact during the construction and operation phases of the proposed Project. Cultural heritage resources were identified
and the potential direct and indirect impacts from proposed works on these
resources were assessed. Appropriate
mitigation measures were identified, where necessary, to mitigate the potential
impacts.
10.1.2
This assessment has based on the criteria and
guidelines for evaluation and assessment of cultural heritage impact as stated
in Annexes 10 and 19 of the EIAO-TM and has covered the scope outlined in
Section 3.4.8 of the EIA Study Brief. As there are no sites of archaeological
interest in the Project area, no archaeological impact assessment is considered
necessary. With the use of HDD for the construction of the submarine outfall,
marine excavation works will be largely avoided. Only a very small area of seabed
for the proposed diffuser will need to be excavated. Side sonar scan from
geophysical survey has revealed no anomalies in and on the seabed which maybe
archaeological materials at the proposed diffuser area. Hence marine
archaeological investigation is considered not necessary. Section 3.4.8.2 of
the EIA Study Brief stipulates that the cultural heritage impact assessment
shall include a Built Heritage Impact Assessment.
10.2.1
Legislation, Standards, Guidelines and Criteria
relevant to the consideration of Cultural Heritage impacts under this study
include the following:
·
Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance;
·
Environmental Impact Assessment Ordinance;
·
Hong Kong Planning Standards and Guidelines;
·
Technical Memorandum on Environmental Impact
Assessment Process; and
·
Guidelines for Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment.
Antiquities and Monuments
Ordinance (Cap. 53)
10.2.2
The
Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance (the Ordinance) provides the statutory
framework to provide for the preservation of objects of historical,
archaeological and paleontological interest.
The Ordinance contains the statutory procedures for the Declaration of
Monuments. The proposed monument can be any place, building, site or structure,
which is considered to be of public interest by reason of its historical,
archaeological or paleontological significance.
10.2.3
Under
Section 6 and subject to sub-section (4) of the Ordinance, the following acts
are prohibited in relation to certain monuments, except under permit:
·
To
excavate, carry on building works, plant or fell trees or deposit earth or
refuse on or in a proposed monument or monument; and
·
To
demolish, remove, obstruct, deface or interfere with a proposed monument or
monument.
10.2.4
The
discovery of an Antiquity, as defined in the Ordinance must be reported to the
Antiquities Authority (the Authority), or a designated person. The Ordinance also provides that, the
ownership of every relic discovered in Hong Kong after the commencement of this
Ordinance shall vest in the Government from the moment of discovery. The Authority on behalf of the Government may
disclaim ownership of the relic.
10.2.5
No
archaeological excavation may be carried out by any person, other than the
Authority and the designated person, without a licence issued by the Authority.
A licence will only be issued if the Authority is satisfied that the applicant
has sufficient scientific training or experience to enable him to carry out the
excavation and search satisfactorily, is able to conduct, or arrange for, a
proper scientific study of any antiquities discovered as a result of the
excavation and search and has sufficient staff and financial support.
Environmental Impact Assessment
Ordinance (Cap. 499)
10.2.6
Schedule
1 Interpretation of the EIAO defines “Sites of Cultural Heritage” as “an
antiquity or monument, whether being a place, building, site or structure or a
relic, as defined in the Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance and any place,
building, site, or structure or a relic identified by the Antiquities and Monuments
Office to be of archaeological, historical or palaeontological significance”.
Technical Memorandum on
Environmental Impact Assessment Process
10.2.7
The
criteria and guidelines for evaluating and assessing impacts are listed in
Annexes 10 and 19 of the EIAO-TM respectively. The criteria for evaluating
impact on sites of cultural heritage include:
·
The
general presumption in favour of the protection and conservation of all sites
of cultural heritage because they provide an essential, finite and irreplaceable
link between the past and the future and are points of reference and identity
for culture and tradition; and; or
·
Adverse
impacts on sites of cultural heritage shall be kept to an absolute minimum
Guidelines for Cultural Heritage
Impact Assessment
10.2.8
The Guidelines
for Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment (CHIA) is issued by the Antiquities and
Monuments Office of the Leisure and Cultural Services Department, which has
been updated continuously in the past decades in responding to the issues
generated from the practice of CHIA.
10.2.9
The
Guidelines stipulate in detail the basic requirements for CHIA in the Baseline
Study and Impact Assessment Study.
Introduction
Background
10.3.1
The EIA
Study Brief stipulates that a Built Heritage Impact Assessment (BHIA) have to
be conducted for Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment (CHIA) as part of the EIA
for the Project. The Built Heritage Survey (BHS) and Assessment for the Project
are therefore carried out.
Objective
of Built Heritage Survey
10.3.2
The main
objective of the BHS is to identify and record all the known and unknown built
heritage resources through a desk-top study and a field survey within the BHS
Area. The result of the BHS will provide
information on the location, historic value and current condition of the
identified built heritage items for the assessment of built heritage impact and
following mitigation measures if necessary.
Extent
of the Built Heritage Survey
10.3.3
The built heritage survey (BHS) area is located at Sha
Tau Kok, primarily including two sub-areas: the village of Ha Tam Shui Hang 下担水坑and the town of Sha
Tau Kok 沙頭角 within the Closed
Area (Figure
10.1).
10.3.4
The locations of all the identified heritage items in
the two sub-areas are marked in Figure 10.2.
Methodology of Built Heritage
Survey
Scope
of Built Heritage Survey
10.3.5
According
to the EIA Study Brief (No. ESB253/2012) Appendix I-1 Guidelines for Cultural
Heritage Impact Assessment, the built heritage features which fall within the
scope of built heritage survey are as follows:
·
all declared
monuments and all proposed monuments ;
·
all buildings/
structures/sites graded or proposed to be graded by the Antiquities Advisory
Board;
·
Government
historic sites identified by AMO;
·
buildings/
structures/ sites of high architectural/ historical significance and interest
which are not included above; and
·
cultural
landscapes including places associated with historic event, activity, or person
or exhibiting other cultural or aesthetic values, such as sacred religious
sites, battlefields, a setting for buildings or structures of architectural or
archaeological importance, historic field patterns, clan graves, old tracks,
fung shui woodlands, and ponds, and etc.
Three
Approaches to the Identification of Built Heritage
10.3.6
The
first approach to the identification of built heritage is to search all sorts
of direct dating references, which include:
·
historical
documents, such as county gazettes;
·
studies
of Hong Kong history, especially those relevant to the study area;
·
government
resources, such as the List of 1,444 Historic Buildings in Building Assessment
(latest version) publicized by the AMO and the list of established villages;
and
·
dating
records on features and relics associated with the features, such as the marks
of the year of house construction which are often seen on many vernacular
village houses, the inscriptions of grave epitaph stones and inscriptions cast
on temple bells.
10.3.7
The direct
dating references are unavailable in many cases, especially for ordinary
structures in rural areas. This
approach, therefore, should be supplemented by the second approach:
interviewing with the locals for additional or specific information. This approach, however, also has its
limits. It is quite often in the field
to encounter villagers who are not positive to the survey of their properties,
and the responses are often vague or inaccurate. Therefore, the information acquired from the
interviews should be cross-checked against other dating resources.
10.3.8
The
third approach to the identification of built heritage is to date built
heritage items based on a study of stylistic characteristics of the
structures. In Hong Kong, numerous
historic buildings and graves have been recorded by previous surveys during the
past decades and some basic characteristics of built heritage can be
generalized. For historic buildings, the
common characteristics of house structures dating to the late 19th century to
early 20th century include:
·
foundations
and front steps that were built with granite rocks, and upper walls were made
of gray bricks which are much larger in size than post-war bricks;
·
Ngang Shan (硬山) type of pitched roof that was covered with
clay tiles on top of wooden rafters;
·
rectangular
shape in layout with narrow front width and deep room depth. Because of the
lack of cross beam, brick walls directly support the weight of the roof, the
width of the room is consequently narrow; but this style allows additional
rooms added to the old ones on both sides to form a long row of houses;
·
one
storey structure with the a height reaching 4 – 5m; a small attic with small
windows was usually formed on the top of wooden beams; and
·
painted,
carved or moldered patterns decorated on main ridge, on fascia board, on gable
frieze or wall frieze and on front door lintel as well.
10.3.9
The
majority of the historic graves built since the early Qing dynasty is
horse-hoof shaped in layout, which, in cross section, is composed of four basic
structural units on four slope tiers, including (1) a curved wall at the top
and back decorated with sun and cloud patterns, (2) a round wall above the
grave chamber, (3) an altar platform with straight and perpendicular walls for
the epitaph stone and offerings, and (4) a half-moon shaped “fung shui pond” in
the front. At some locations, a stone
wall was built to protect the slope of front platform. In addition, usually two small earth-god
shrines are arranged beside the main grave structure.
Specific
Dating Issues
10.3.10
Many
pre-1950 built structures have been rebuilt, renovated or redecorated through
time. For domestic or vernacular
residential buildings, if the main structure of a building remains in original
style or with direct evidence of historical origin, the building will be
identified as a built heritage item. For
structures with documented or significant historic and/or cultural value, they
will all be recorded during the survey although they may have been considerably
modified or even totally rebuilt.
10.3.11
In the
old villages of Hong Kong, the most important structures that bear the history
or tradition of a village are probably temples, clan-lineage ancestral halls
and earth-god shrines. Because of their
significance to the villagers, these structures have usually been repaired,
redecorated, relocated or even totally rebuilt through time. In some cases, there is no trace left
indicating their historical origin.
These structures, however, will all be recorded during the survey even
though they may be built or rebuilt only recently.
10.3.12
Earth-god
shrines may be built in many natural forms such as tree or rock boulder. These features usually do not have any
characteristics for dating. These
features, however, will all be recorded due to their cultural or religious
significance to the locals.
10.3.13
The
dating of a grave is primarily based on the original and/or rebuilt /
renovation date(s) of the grave indicated by the text of its epitaph. In many cases, however, the dating of a
historic grave is based on a comparison of the structural style when the
inscription of grave epitaph is missing or unclear.
Classification
of Built Heritage
10.3.14
All the
built heritage features identified during the survey will be classified into
three categories: Historic Building (HB) for built structures, Historic Grave
(HG) for pre-1950 graves and Historic Landscape (HL) for historic or cultural
landscape features.
10.3.15
In some
cases, this classification is not iron-clad clear. For example, some earth-god shrines are built
as a formal building, which can be classified as Historic Building; but some
are simply in a natural form such as a tree or a rock boulder, which can be
considered as Historic Landscape. To
deal with this kind of situation, the survey takes a simple criterion for classification:
the earth-god shrines or fung shui ponds with or without artificial structures
are all classified in the category of Historic Landscape.
10.3.16
During
the BHS for the Project, only Historic Buildings have been identified.
Recording
Scheme
10.3.17
The
identified built heritage features are recorded in three forms: written
descriptions in tables, location information in drawings and images in
photographs. The tables of written
descriptions include a Check List and a table for Historic Building. The locations of the identified built
heritage resources are marked in Figure 10.2. The photograph images of the identified built
heritage features are shown in Plate 1 to Plate 23 in Annex 10A.
10.3.18
The
built heritage features in the BHS Area are identified in two sub-areas and
these sub-areas are named using village names respectively, i.e. Ha Tam Shui
Hang and Sha Tau Kok. The initial
letters of a village name are used as location code for the section. The village Ha Tam Shui Hang is coded HTSH
and the sub-area Sha Tau Kok coded STK.
Each of the identified structures is coded with the location initials
followed by HB (for historic building) and then a sequential number. For example, the first historic building
identified at Ha Tam Shui Hang is coded as HTSH-HB1.
10.3.19
All the
identified built heritage features are briefly presented in the Check List (Table 10.1) for quick inspection. The list includes the location, name, address
and the type of each coded built heritage feature. Besides, the corresponding plate number(s) are
also listed for the checking of cross references. For the convenience of impact assessment, the
distance from the identified items to the nearest Project site is also listed
in Table
10.1.
Table 10.1 – Check List of Identified Built Heritage Features
|
Code |
Name |
Address |
Type |
Plate
No. in Annex 10A |
Distance
to Nearest Project Site (m) |
|
|
Ha Tam Shui Hang |
HTSH-HB1 |
121A Ha Tam Shui Hang |
121A Ha Tam Shui Hang, Sha Tau
Kok |
Residence |
Plate 1:1 |
>150 |
|
HTSH-HB2 |
Wan Ancestral Hall 温氏宗祠 |
206--209 Ha Tam Shui Hang, Sha
Tau Kok |
Ancestral Hall |
Plate 1:2-3 Plate 2 |
>150 |
|
|
HTSH-HB3 |
Tse Ancestral 謝氏宗祠 |
211 Ha Tam Shui Hang, Sha Tau
Kok |
Ancestral Hall |
Plate 3 |
>150 |
|
|
HTSH-HB4 |
108-110A Ha Tam Shui Hang |
108-110A Ha Tam Shui Hang, Sha
Tau Kok |
Residence |
Plate 4 |
>150 |
|
|
HTSH-HB5 |
104 Ha Tam Shui Hang |
104 Ha Tam Shui Hang, Sha Tau
Kok |
Residence |
Plate 5 |
>150 |
|
|
HTSH-HB6 |
82 Ha Tam Shui Hang |
82 Ha Tam Shui Hang, Sha Tau
Kok |
Residence |
Plate 6 |
>150 |
|
|
HTSH-HB7 |
122 Ha Tam Shui Hang |
122 Ha Tam Shui Hang, Sha Tau
Kok |
Residence |
Plate 7 |
>150 |
|
|
HTSH-HB8 |
123-124A Ha Tam Shui Hang |
123-124A Ha Tam Shui Hang, Sha
Tau Kok |
Residence |
Plate 8 |
>150 |
|
|
HTSH-HB9 |
Chung Ancestral Hall 鍾氏祖祠 |
133D Ha Tam Shui Hang, Sha
Tau Kok |
Ancestral Hall |
Plate 9 |
>150 |
|
|
HTSH-HB10 |
126-126A Ha Tam Shui Hang |
126-126A Ha Tam Shui Hang, Sha
Tau Kok |
Residence |
Plate 10 |
>150 |
|
|
HTSH-HB11 |
132 Ha Tam Shui Hang |
132 Ha Tam Shui Hang, Sha Tau
Kok |
Residence |
Plate 11 |
>150 |
|
|
Sha Tau Kok |
STK-HB1 |
Tin Hau Temple 天后宮 |
East of the Sha Tau Kok Sewage
Treatment Works Filter Bed |
Temple |
Plates 12-13 |
4 |
|
STK-HB2 |
11 Che Ping Street |
11 Che Ping Street, Sha Tau Kok |
Residence & Shop |
Plates 14, 15:3 |
>100 |
|
|
Sha Tau Kok |
STK-HB3 |
2 Che Ping Street |
2 Che Ping Street, Sha Tau Kok |
Residence & Shop |
Plate 15 |
>100 |
|
STK-HB4 |
4 Che Ping Street |
4 Che Ping Street, Sha Tau Kok |
Residence & Shop |
Plate 15 |
>100 |
|
|
STK-HB5 |
6 Che Ping Street |
6 Che Ping Street, Sha Tau Kok |
Residence & Shop |
Plate 15 |
>100 |
|
|
STK-HB6 |
No.1 San Lau Street |
San Lau Street, Sha Tau
Kok |
Shophouse |
Plates 16, Plate 17:1 |
>80 |
|
|
STK-HB7 |
No.2 San Lau Street |
San Lau Street, Sha Tau
Kok |
Shophouse |
Plates 16, Plate 17:2 |
>80 |
|
|
STK-HB8 |
No.3 San Lau Street |
San Lau Street, Sha Tau
Kok |
Shophouse |
Plates 16, Plate 17:3 |
>80 |
|
|
STK-HB9 |
No.4 San Lau Street |
San Lau Street, Sha Tau
Kok |
Shophouse |
Plates 16, Plate 18:1 |
>80 |
|
|
STK-HB10 |
No.5 San Lau Street |
San Lau Street, Sha Tau
Kok |
Shophouse |
Plates 16, Plate 18:2 |
>80 |
|
|
STK-HB11 |
No.6 San Lau Street |
San Lau Street, Sha Tau
Kok |
Shophouse |
Plates 16, Plate 18:3 |
>80 |
|
|
STK-HB12 |
No.7 San Lau Street |
San Lau Street, Sha Tau
Kok |
Shophouse |
Plates 16, Plate 19:1 |
>80 |
|
|
STK-HB13 |
No.8 San Lau Street |
San Lau Street, Sha Tau
Kok |
Shophouse |
Plates 16, Plate 19:2 |
>80 |
|
|
STK-HB14 |
No.9 San Lau Street |
San Lau Street, Sha Tau
Kok |
Shophouse |
Plates 16, Plate 19:3 |
>80 |
|
|
STK-HB15 |
No.10 San Lau Street |
San Lau Street, Sha Tau
Kok |
Shophouse |
Plates 16, Plate 20:1 |
>80 |
|
|
STK-HB16 |
No.11 San Lau Street |
San Lau Street, Sha Tau
Kok |
Shophouse |
Plates 16, Plate 20:2 |
>80 |
|
|
STK-HB17 |
No.12 San Lau Street |
San Lau Street, Sha Tau
Kok |
Shophouse |
Plates 16, Plate 20:3 |
>80 |
|
|
STK-HB18 |
No.13 San Lau Street |
San Lau Street, Sha Tau
Kok |
Shophouse |
Plates 16, Plate 21:1 |
>80 |
|
|
STK-HB19 |
No.14 San Lau Street |
San Lau Street, Sha Tau
Kok |
Shophouse |
Plates 16, Plate 21:2 |
>80 |
|
|
STK-HB20 |
No.15 San Lau Street |
San Lau Street, Sha Tau
Kok |
Shophouse |
Plates 16, Plate 21:3 |
>80 |
|
|
STK-HB21 |
No.16 San Lau Street |
San Lau Street, Sha Tau
Kok |
Shophouse |
Plates 16, Plate 22:1 |
>80 |
|
|
STK-HB22 |
No.17 San Lau Street |
San Lau Street, Sha Tau
Kok |
Shophouse |
Plates 16, Plate 22:2 |
>80 |
|
|
STK-HB23 |
No.18 San Lau Street |
San Lau Street, Sha Tau
Kok |
Shophouse |
Plates 16, Plate 22:3 |
>80 |
|
|
Sha Tau Kok |
STK-HB24 |
No.19 San Lau Street |
San Lau Street, Sha Tau
Kok |
Shophouse |
Plates 16, Plate 23:1 |
>80 |
|
STK-HB25 |
No.20 San Lau Street |
San Lau Street, Sha Tau
Kok |
Shophouse |
Plates 16, Plate 23:2 |
>80 |
|
|
STK-HB26 |
No.21 San Lau Street |
San Lau Street, Sha Tau
Kok |
Shophouse |
Plates 16, Plate 23:3 |
>80 |
|
|
STK-HB27 |
No.22 San Lau Street |
San Lau Street, Sha Tau
Kok |
Shophouse |
Plates 16, Plate 23:4 |
>80 |
|
|
Notes: -
Details of the
identified historic buildings are shown in Table 10.2: Identified Historic
Buildings -
Places with bold
font type and underline are Graded Historic Building. |
||||||
10.3.20 Table 10.2 is a comprehensive inventory of the identified historic buildings. The data of the buildings are grouped into three major categories: Location, Description and Note. Within the category “Location”, if a building has its specific name, such Wan Ancestral Hall, the building is named accordingly; otherwise, the building is named with its address number, such as No.206-209 Ha Tam Shui Hang. Within the category “Description”, the sub-category “General Feature” refers to the structural layout and building material; the “Decoration and Inscription” refers to all the observable images and written texts; the “Type” refers to the use or functional type(s) of a building in the past and present; the “Age” refers to the original and renovation or rebuilt date(s) based on written year mark on the building, interview with the locals and architectural styles. All other relevant information besides described features is grouped in the category “Note”, including references, condition of preservation, dating issues, associated events and so forth.
Table
10.2
– Comprehensive Inventory of the Identified Historic Buildings
|
|
DESCRIPTION
|
NOTE |
||||||||
|
Place |
Bldg
No. |
Bldg
Name |
Address |
Facing |
General
Feature |
Decoration
& Inscription |
Type |
Age |
Reference,
Preservation and Associated Events |
|
|
Ha Tam Shui Hang |
HTSH-HB1 |
121A Ha Tam Shui Hang |
121A Ha Tam Shui Hang, Sha Tau
Kok |
S |
Brick structure in
one-hall-one-courtyard plan with pitched roof of clay tiles |
Lime paint on walls |
Residence |
Pre-1950 |
Not in use; dating based on
architectural style |
|
|
HTSH-HB2 |
Wan Ancestral Hall 温氏宗祠 |
206--209 Ha Tam Shui Hang, Sha
Tau Kok |
S |
Concrete and stone structure
with 3 adjacent rooms in one-hall-one-courtyard plan and with a recessed
entrance; glazed ceramic tiles on pitched roof |
Roof ridge decorated with
ceramic dragon in the middle and mysterious animals at two ends; altars with
fine wooden carvings of flowers and birds |
Ancestral Hall |
Originally over 100 years ago;
rebuilt in the 1990s |
Each room with difference
ancestral soul tablets for different branches of the Wans; well maintained
for the Wans to make ancestral worship with offerings |
||
|
HTSH-HB3 |
Tse Ancestral 謝氏宗祠 |
211 Ha Tam Shui Hang, Sha Tau
Kok |
S |
Concrete and brick structure in
one-hall-one-courtyard plan with a recessed entrance; glazed ceramic tiles on
pitched roof |
Front surface and doorframe
decorated colored ceramic bricks; simplified animal figures decorated on the
two ends of the ridge |
Ancestral Hall |
Originally over 100 years ago;
rebuilt in the 1990s |
Ancestral soul tablets for
different branches of the Tses; well maintained for the Tses to make
ancestral worship with offerings |
||
|
Ha Tam Shui Hang |
HTSH-HB4 |
108-110A Ha Tam Shui Hang |
108-110A Ha Tam Shui Hang, Sha
Tau Kok |
S |
Brick structure on stone
foundation and with stone doorframes; 4 adjacent rooms in
one-hall-one-courtyard plan; pitched roof covered with clay tiles |
Lime paint on walls |
Residence |
Pre-1950 |
Currently not in use but under
renovation; dating based on architectural style |
|
|
HTSH-HB5 |
104 Ha Tam Shui Hang |
104 Ha Tam Shui Hang, Sha Tau
Kok |
S |
Brick structure in square shape
on stone foundation with a recessed entrance; pitched roof covered with clay
tiles; metal frame used for front door and windows |
Walls painted light yellow |
Residence |
Pre-1950 |
Well retained. Minor renovation
after the 1950s for door and windows; dating based on architectural style |
||
|
Ha Tam Shui Hang |
HTSH-HB6 |
82 Ha Tam Shui Hang |
82 Ha Tam Shui Hang, Sha Tau
Kok |
S |
Brick structure with 2 adjacent
rooms in one-hall-one-courtyard plan; pitched roof of clay tiles for the
halls and flat roof for the front portion with open balustrate parapets in
the front over the recessed entrance |
Green parapets on front flat
roof and yellow paint on walls |
Residence |
1920s-1930s |
Well retained. The residents of
the house stated that the house is over 90 years old; dating also based on
architectural style |
|
|
HTSH-HB7 |
122 Ha Tam Shui Hang |
122 Ha Tam Shui Hang, Sha Tau
Kok |
SE |
Brick and concrete structure in
square shape with pitched roof of clay tiles; stone used for wall corners and
foundation |
|
Residence |
Pre-1950 |
Abandoned house covered with
plants; dating based on architectural style |
||
|
Ha Tam Shui Hang |
HTSH-HB8 |
123-124A Ha Tam Shui Hang |
123-124A Ha Tam Shui Hang, Sha
Tau Kok |
SE |
Brick structures of 2 adjacent
rooms in square shape; granite used for doorframe and lower course of the
front wall |
|
Residence |
Pre-1950 |
Abandoned house; dating based
on architectural style |
|
|
HTSH-HB9 |
Chung Ancestral Hall 鍾氏祖祠 |
133D Ha Tam Shui Hang, Sha Tau
Kok |
SE |
Stone & brick building in
one-hall-one-open courtyard plan, with walls supporting pitched roofs of
timber |
The altar at end wall of the
hall decorated with fine wooden carvings of flowers, birds and others. The
name of the ancestral hall engraved on stone and flanked by wall paintings of
flowers and rocks and calligraphy. The year jiaxu 甲戌 written on painting. |
Ancestral Hall |
1874 |
Grade 3 Historic Building
confirmed by AMO on 22 Jan 2010. The Chungs come back at the Chinese New Year
and at the Chung Yeung and Ching Ming Festivals to make ancestral worship
with offerings |
||
|
Ha Tam Shui Hang |
HTSH-HB10 |
126-126A Ha Tam Shui Hang |
126-126A Ha Tam Shui Hang, Sha
Tau Kok |
SE |
Brick structure on stone
foundation; 3 adjacent rooms in rectangular shape with a recessed central
entrance; pitched roof covered clay tiles |
Painting of auspitious animals
and calligraphy under eave over the entrance, with the year mark gengwu 庚午 in writing; beams under middle eave painted red; frieze on front and
side walls painted black; walls painted light yellow |
Residence |
1930 |
The year gengwu 庚午 can also be 1870, but the style of the building is similar to the
known buildings of the early 20th century, such as HTSH-HB6 registered above |
|
|
HTSH-HB11 |
132 Ha Tam Shui Hang |
132 Ha Tam Shui Hang, Sha Tau
Kok |
SE |
Brick structures of 2 adjacent
rooms in square shape; pitched roof covered with clay tiles; granite used for
doorframe and window frames |
|
Residence |
Pre-1950 |
Abandoned. Next to a series of abandoned and partially
ruined rooms covered with plants; dating based on architectural style |
||
|
Sha Tau Kok |
STK-HB1 |
Tin Hau Temple 天后宮 |
East of the Sha Tau Kok Sewage
Treatment Works Filter Bed |
S |
One-block concrete structure
with one hall and 2 side rooms; recessed entrance on stairways with columns
supporting front eave; roof covered with glazed ceramic tiles |
Green roof tiles, red front
columns and crimson stairways; altar inside decorated with drapes and flags |
Temple |
Origin in early 19th century;
rebuilt 1992 |
According to the stone tablet
inside the temple, the temple was originally built at Sha Lam Ha of Sha Tau
Kok during the early 19th century (清嘉慶年間), then it was removed to different locations after 1958 and finally
rebuilt at the present location in 1992 |
|
|
STK-HB2 |
11 Che Ping Street |
11 Che Ping Street, Sha Tau Kok |
NE |
2-storey brick and concrete
structure with pitched roof of clay tiles; the ground floor room has been
heavely modified |
|
Residence & Shop |
Pre-1950 |
Dating based on interview with
the locals and architectural style |
||
|
Sha Tau Kok |
STK-HB3 |
2 Che Ping Street |
2 Che Ping Street, Sha Tau Kok |
NW |
2-storey brick and concrete
structure with pitched roof of clay tiles; the ground floor and the upper
floor both have been heavely modified |
|
Residence & Shop |
|
Dating based on interview with
the locals and architectural style |
|
|
STK-HB4 |
4 Che Ping Street |
4 Che Ping Street, Sha Tau Kok |
NW |
2-storey brick and concrete
structure with pitched roof of clay tiles; the ground floor and the upper
floor both have been heavely modified |
|
Residence & Shop |
|
Dating based on interview with
the locals and architectural style |
||
|
STK-HB5 |
6 Che Ping Street |
6 Che Ping Street, Sha Tau Kok |
NW |
2-storey brick and concrete
structure with pitched roof of clay tiles; the ground floor and the upper
floor both have been heavely modified |
|
Residence & Shop |
|
Dating based on interview with
the locals and architectural style |
||
|
Sha Tau Kok |
STK-HB6 |
No.1 San Lau Street |
1 San Lau Street, Sha Tau Kok |
NE |
STK-HB6 and adjacent 21 units
STK-HB7 to STK-HB27 constitute a two-storey concrete complex sharing common
party walls. The main portions of the
building have pitched roof of clay tiles. The upper floor on the front
elevation projects over the pavement and is supported on columns to form a
covered walkway in front of ground floor shops; the roofs over the front
portions are flat with open balustrade parapets. The back portions are treated in a similar
way. The brick walls are painted, the
windows are regularly spaced and metal framed. Except some modern additions
such as air-conditioners and some temporary structures, the building
primarily retains its original appearance |
Shophouse |
1933-1934 |
Grade 2 Historic Building
confirmed on 22 Mar 2011. These 22 adjacent units are the largest group of
remaining vernacular buildings in Hong Kong.
Up to the present, the lower floors units have been mainly for
commercial uses and the upper ones for residential purposes. |
||
|
STK-HB7 |
No.2 San Lau Street |
2 San Lau Street, Sha Tau Kok |
NE |
Ditto |
Shophouse |
1933-1934 |
Grade 2 Historic Building confirmed
on 22 Mar 2011 |
|||
|
STK-HB8 |
No.3 San Lau Street |
3 San Lau Street, Sha Tau Kok |
NE |
Ditto |
Shophouse |
1933-1934 |
Grade 2 Historic Building
confirmed on 14 June 2012 |
|||
|
Sha Tau Kok |
STK-HB9 |
No.4 San Lau Street |
4 San Lau Street, Sha Tau Kok |
NE |
Ditto |
Shophouse |
1933-1934 |
Grade 2 Historic Building
confirmed on 14 June 2012 |
||
|
STK-HB10 |
No.5 San Lau Street |
5 San Lau Street, Sha Tau Kok |
NE |
Ditto |
Shophouse |
1933-1934 |
Grade 2 Historic Building
confirmed on 22 Mar 2011 |
|||
|
STK-HB11 |
No.6 San Lau Street |
6 San Lau Street, Sha Tau Kok |
NE |
Ditto |
Shophouse |
1933-1934 |
Grade 2 Historic Building
confirmed on 22 Mar 2011 |
|||
|
STK-HB12 |
No.7 San Lau Street |
7 San Lau Street, Sha Tau Kok |
NE |
Ditto |
Shophouse |
1933-1934 |
Grade 2 Historic Building
confirmed on 14 June 2012 |
|||
|
STK-HB13 |
No.8 San Lau Street |
8 San Lau Street, Sha Tau Kok |
NE |
Ditto |
Shophouse |
1933-1934 |
Grade 2 Historic Building
confirmed on 31 Aug 2010 |
|||
|
STK-HB14 |
No.9 San Lau Street |
9 San Lau Street, Sha Tau Kok |
NE |
Ditto |
Shophouse |
1933-1934 |
Grade 2 Historic Building
confirmed on 14 June 2012 |
|||
|
STK-HB15 |
No.10 San Lau Street |
10 San Lau Street, Sha Tau Kok |
NE |
Ditto |
Shophouse |
1933-1934 |
Grade 2 Historic Building
confirmed on 22 Mar 2011 |
|||
|
STK-HB16 |
No.11 San Lau Street |
11 San Lau Street, Sha Tau Kok |
NE |
Ditto |
Shophouse |
1933-1934 |
Grade 2 Historic Building
confirmed on 14 June 2012 |
|||
|
STK-HB17 |
No.12 San Lau Street |
12 San Lau Street, Sha Tau Kok |
NE |
Ditto |
Shophouse |
1933-1934 |
Grade 2 Historic Building
confirmed on 14 June 2012 |
|||
|
Sha Tau Kok |
STK-HB18 |
No.13 San Lau Street |
13 San Lau Street, Sha Tau Kok |
NE |
Ditto |
Shophouse |
1933-1934 |
Grade 2 Historic Building
confirmed on 14 June 2012 |
||
|
STK-HB19 |
No.14 San Lau Street |
14 San Lau Street, Sha Tau Kok |
NE |
Ditto |
Shophouse |
1933-1934 |
Grade 2 Historic Building
confirmed on 14 June 2012 |
|||
|
STK-HB20 |
No.15 San Lau Street |
15 San Lau Street, Sha Tau Kok |
NE |
Ditto |
Shophouse |
1933-1934 |
Grade 2 Historic Building
confirmed on 22 Mar 2011 |
|||
|
STK-HB21 |
No.16 San Lau Street |
16 San Lau Street, Sha Tau Kok |
NE |
Ditto |
Shophouse |
1933-1934 |
Grade 2 Historic Building
confirmed on 14 June 2012 |
|||
|
STK-HB22 |
No.17 San Lau Street |
17 San Lau Street, Sha Tau Kok |
NE |
Ditto |
Shophouse |
1933-1934 |
Grade 2 Historic Building
confirmed on 14 June 2012 |
|||
|
STK-HB23 |
No.18 San Lau Street |
18 San Lau Street, Sha Tau Kok |
NE |
Ditto |
Shophouse |
1933-1934 |
Grade 2 Historic Building
confirmed on 22 Mar 2011 |
|||
|
STK-HB24 |
No.19 San Lau Street |
19 San Lau Street, Sha Tau Kok |
NE |
Ditto |
Shophouse |
1933-1934 |
Grade 2 Historic Building
confirmed on 14 June 2012 |
|||
|
STK-HB25 |
No.20 San Lau Street |
20 San Lau Street, Sha Tau Kok |
NE |
Ditto |
Shophouse |
1933-1934 |
Grade 2 Historic Building
confirmed on 22 Mar 2011 |
|||
|
STK-HB26 |
No.21 San Lau Street |
21 San Lau Street, Sha Tau Kok |
NE |
Ditto |
Shophouse |
1933-1934 |
Grade 2 Historic Building
confirmed on 14 June 2012 |
|||
|
Sha Tau Kok |
STK-HB27 |
No.22 San Lau Street |
No.22 San Lau Street, Sha Tau
Kok |
NE |
Ditto |
Shophouse |
1933-1934 |
Grade 2 Historic Building
confirmed on 14 June 2012 |
||
Note: Information was obtained from
interview with the locals for buildings no. HTSH-HB6 and STK-HB2 to STK-HB5.
Historic Background
Ha
Tam Shui Hang
10.3.21 The village Tam Shui Hang is one of oldest villages established in the Sha Tau Kok area. The Gazette of Xin’an County issued in 1819 already listed the village Tam Shui Hang as a Hakka village 1.
10.3.22 By the end of the 19th century, when the New Territories was leased to the British colonial government in 1898, this village was also registered as one of the “Established Villages” in the BHS Area along with Shan Tsui山咀 and Kong Ha崗下2.
10.3.23 The village Tam Shui Hang was later split into two villages: Sheung Tam Shui Hang and Ha Tam Shui Hang. Tam Shui Hang is a multi-lineage village inhabited by the Ngs吳, the Wans 溫, the Yaus 丘/邱, the Chungs 鍾, the Chans 陳 and others. The Ngs were the earliest settlers who came in the Shunzhi (順治, 1644-1661) reign of the Qing dynasty. The Chungs moved to the village in the Qianlong (乾隆, 1736-1795) reign of the Qing dynasty. The early villagers were mainly farmers engaged in rice and vegetable growing as well as poultry and pig rearing. Many of the villagers moved overseas to Britain and other European countries in the 1960-70s and they only return to the village on holiday. Some others moved to the urban area due to the constraint of the restricted area 3.
10.3.24
Currently, the ancestral halls of the Wans, the
Tses謝and the Chungs are retained at Ha
Tam Shui Hang and the Wans are the largest lineage group.
Sha
Tau Kok
10.3.25 The major portion of the town of Sha Tau Kok within the BHS area is developed after World War II, including the large estate of Sha Tau Kok Chuen沙頭角邨and other post-war structures and facilities. The pre-war development of this small town is mainly confined to the vicinity of the border.
10.3.26 During the late Qing dynasty, farming, fishing and other economic activities were relatively developed in the Sha Tau Kok area, represented by the prosperous Tung Wo Market東和墟founded by a local inter-village alliance named Shap Yeuk十約. After 1898 when the Qing government of China and Britain signed the Convention for Extension of Hong Kong, Sha Tau Kok was divided into two parts, and the border was developed into a busy street, the famous Chung Ying Street中英街4.
10.3.27
According to the Government Administrative
Report for 1932, a large area of foreshore was reclaimed as a site for the
shophouses. The project also included a new pier and a fish market. Following
this, a complex of shophouses was built at San Lau Street in 1933-1934 as part
of the development of the Tung Wo Market. It is believed that the shophouses
were built by Yip Bill Kee 葉標記
and Wan Lam Kee 溫林記5.
Identified
Built Heritage
Ha Tam Shui Hang (HTSH)
10.3.28
HTSH-HB1:
121A Ha Tam Shui Hang. This is a residential house in brick structure with
pitched roof of clay tiles. It is not in use currently (Plate 1:1).
10.3.29
HTSH-HB2:
Wan Ancestral Hall温氏宗祠. This three-bay ancestral hall in
one-hall-one-courtyard plan is a modern rebuilt of the ancestral hall original
built over 100 years ago (Plate 1:2-3, Plate 2).
10.3.30
HTSH-HB3:
Tse Ancestral 謝氏宗祠. This ancestral hall in
one-hall-one-courtyard plan is a modern rebuilt of the ancestral hall original
built over 100 years ago (Plate 3).
10.3.31
HTSH-HB4:
108-110A Ha Tam Shui Hang. This
residential building has four adjacent rooms in one-hall-one-courtyard plan
with pitched roof of clay tiles. It is
currently under renovation (Plate 4).
10.3.32
HTSH-HB5:
104 Ha Tam Shui Hang. This is a high square shaped residence house with pitched
roof of clay tiles (Plate 5).
10.3.33
HTSH-HB6:
82 Ha Tam Shui Hang. This residential
house is a brick structure in one-hall-one-courtyard plan. It has pitched roof
of clay tiles for the halls and flat roof for the front portion with open
balustrade parapets in the front (Plate 6).
10.3.34
HTSH-HB7:
122 Ha Tam Shui Hang. This is a brick and stone structure with pitched roof of
clay tiles. This house has been
abandoned, now heavily covered with plants (Plate 7).
10.3.35
HTSH-HB8:
123-124A Ha Tam Shui Hang. This is a brick
and stone structure in square shape with pitched roof of clay tiles. This house has been abandoned (Plate 8).
10.3.36
HTSH-HB9:
Chung Ancestral Hall 鍾氏祖祠. This is a Grade 3 Historic Building
originally built in or before 1874. This
is a brick and stone structure in one-hall-one-courtyard plan with pitched roof
of clay tiles. The altar has fine wooden
carvings of auspicious motifs; the fascia board is also decorated with
paintings and calligraphy (Plate 9).
10.3.37
HTSH-HB10:
126-126A Ha Tam Shui Hang. This is a large brick and stone residence house
built no later than 1930. The fascia
board is decorated with paintings and calligraphy (Plate 10).
10.3.38
HTSH-HB11:
132 Ha Tam Shui Hang. This is a brick structure in square shape with pitched
roof of clay tiles. This structure has
been abandoned and is next to a series of abandoned and ruined rooms (Plate
11).
Sha
Tau Kok (STK)
10.3.39
STK-HB1:
Tin Hau Temple 天后宮. This
is a modern concrete structure built in 1992 by seashore. It is a replacement of the old temple
originally built in the early 19th century and located on the other side of the
Shenzhen River (Plates 12-13).
10.3.40
STK-HB2:
11 Che Ping Street. This two-storey
building has been heavily modified, leaving only the pitched roof of clay tiles
as an indication of its pre-war date. The ground floor is now for commercial
use and upper floor for residential purpose (Plate 14, Plate 15:3).
10.3.41
STK-HB3:
2 Che Ping Street. This two-storey
building has been heavily modified, leaving only the pitched roof of clay tiles
as an indication of its pre-war date. The ground floor is now for commercial
use and upper floor for residential purpose (Plate 15).
10.3.42
STK-HB4:
4 Che Ping Street. This two-storey building has been heavily modified, leaving
only the pitched roof of clay tiles as an indication of its pre-war date. The
ground floor is now for commercial use and upper floor for residential purpose
(Plate 15).
10.3.43
STK-HB5:
6 Che Ping Street. This two-storey
building has been heavily modified, leaving only the pitched roof of clay tiles
as the indication of its pre-war date. The ground floor is now for commercial
use and upper floor for residential purpose (Plate 15).
10.3.44
STK-HB6
to SKT-HB27: No.1 to No. 22 San Lau Street.
Built in 1933-1934, this concrete complex was composed of 22 adjacent
shophouses sharing common party walls.
The most characteristic style of this complex is the combination of both
Chinese and Verandah architectural features. The main portions of the building
have pitched roof of clay tiles; the upper floor on the front elevation projects
over the pavement and is supported on columns; the roofs over the front
portions are flat with open balustrade parapets. All the shophouses have been individually
assessed as Grade 2 Historic Building according to the List of the 1,444
Historic Buildings in Building Assessment as of 20 May 2016 (Plates 16-23).
Assessment of Built Heritage
Impact
Distance
to Nearest Project Site
10.3.45
The
distance between the identified built heritage items and the proposed Project
sites is measured and also shown on Figure 10.2.
10.3.46
No
declared monuments are identified. There are 11 historic buildings identified
at Ha Tam Shui Hang. The closest site of
the Project to this village is the proposed gravity sewer. The distance between
this site and the nearest identified historic building at Ha Tam Shui Hang is
over 150 metres.
10.3.47
There
are 27 historic buildings identified at Sha Tau Kok. The closest site of the Project to STK-HB2 to
STK-HB27 is the proposed decommissioning of Sha Tau Kok Sewage Pumping Station
located on the western side of Shu Lung Street. The distance between this site
and 26 identified historic buildings in the east on San Lau Street and Che Ping
Street, with STK-HB6 as the nearest one, is over 100 metres. Besides, there are high concrete structures
between the sewage pumping station and the identified historic buildings.
10.3.48
The
identified historic building STK-HB1, the Tin Hau Temple, is located relatively
close to the proposed gravity sewer. The distance to the nearest sewer is 4m.
Assessment
of Impact
10.3.49
Alternative
alignments for the construction of the gravity sewer have been investigated and
it is considered as the most preferable alignment. As such, the following
measures will be undertaken to ensure that all practical options for ensuring
that the Tin Hau Temple is adequately protected during the construction works
will be implemented.
Mitigation
Measures
10.3.50
The
contractor will undertake trenchless method in the vicinity of the Tin Hau
Temple. A buffer zone of 10m will be provided between the works area for the
open cut section and the Tin Hau Temple. The use of this method will ensure
that excavation works is minimized in the vicinity of Tin Hau Temple hence
minimizing disturbance to the public accessing Tin Hau Temple. The proposed
plan for the excavation works in the vicinity of the Temple and the 10m buffer
zone can be found in Figure 10.2.
10.3.51
A
condition survey and vibration impact assessment will be undertaken by a
qualified building surveyor and a qualified structural engineer to define the
vibration limit and to evaluate if construction vibration monitoring and
structural strengthening measures are required. Any required protective
measures will be highlighted in the condition survey report.
10.3.52
Vibration
and settlement monitoring will be undertaken during the construction works to
ensure that safe levels of vibration are not exceeded if it is recommended in
the condition survey report. A maximum vibration level of 5mm/s for Grade 1,
7.5mm/s for Grade 2 and 3 Historic Buildings and 15mm/s for Nil Grade heritage
structures. For safe vibration level, settlement check points in the Alert/Alarm/Action limit at 6mm/8mm/10mm
will be provided. A monitoring
schedule and the location of any monitoring equipment in the gate should be
included in the condition survey report. The condition survey and vibration
impact assessment report for the graded and proposed graded buildings should be
submitted to AMO for comment and approved by the owner before the commencement
of construction works and should avoid damaging the historic fabric.
10.3.53
If the
maximum level is exceeded all works must stop and the structure must be
examined to determine if it has been damaged. The contractor must also take
measures, such as using smaller pneumatic drills to ensure that the levels are
reduced to acceptable limits.
10.3.54
If at
any time during the construction period the foundation of the structure is
affected by the works; the works will be immediately suspended and the AMO
notified. If the works cause any damage to the structures, the proponent should
be responsible for the restoration and repair at their own cost. A method
statement should be submitted to AMO for comment and the works should be under
AMO’s supervision.
10.3.55
The Tin
Hau Temple at Sha Tau Kok is the only one identified historic building that is
relatively close to the site of the proposed Project; all other identified
historic buildings within the BHS area are quite far away from the proposed
Project sites. To prevent from damages
to the exterior, protective covering will be provided as an additional
mitigation measure to the Tin Hau Temple. By adopting the above protective
measures, it is believed that no impact will be caused to the Tin Hau Temple.
For all other identified historic buildings, because of the distance between
the identified historic buildings and the Project sites, it is believed that
the proposed Project will not cause any impact from any perspective.
10.3.56
No
secondary impact is expected from the mitigation measures proposed in the EIA
report. No residual impact is anticipated. Hence, no additional study is
required.
Conclusion
10.3.57
The
Built Heritage Survey and Assessment has been carried out within the extent of
the Project. The Survey has identified a series of historic buildings, comprising
11 historic buildings at Ha Tam Shui Hang and 27 historic buildings at Sha Tau
Kok. No declared monuments are identified.
10.3.58
All the
identified historic buildings at Ha Tam Shui Hang are located over 150 metres
away from the nearest Project site; all the identified historic buildings at
Sha Tau Kok except STK-HB1, the Tin Hau Temple, are located at least 80 metres
away from the proposed works. The
current Tin Hau Temple is a concrete modern structure rebuilt at this location
in 1992 and it has a distance of 4 metres to the nearest Project site. Therefore, it can be concluded that no adverse
impacts on any
built heritage resources would be expected from the construction of the Project. During
construction, precautionary measure will be carried out for the proposed construction
works in the vicinity of the Tin Hau Temple in order to preserve the Temple from any damage
caused by the construction activities.
References
1. 舒懋官修﹕《新安縣志》﹐清嘉慶二十四年
(1819) ﹐卷二輿地略。
2. Information from the web site of Lands
Department, HKSAR.
3. Information from “Brief Introduction
to Grade 3 Historic Buildings”, associated with the List of Historic Buildings
in Building Assessment on the web site of the AMO.
4. 北區區議會《北區風物志》1994.
5. Information from “Brief Introduction
to Grade 2 Historic Buildings”, associated with the List of the 1,444 Historic
Buildings in Building Assessment on the web site of the AMO.