8 Waste management Implications

8.1 Introduction

8.1.1 This Waste Management Implications (WMI) is according to the Section 3.4.8 and Appendix E1 of EIA Study Brief which specify the requirements of WMI.

8.1.2 The Project is located on the North of Old Kai Tak Runway. The site is dissected by existing Kai Tak Tunnel and the new Road D2. The location plan is shown in Figure 8-1-1. the Project consists of the following buildings:

l Main Stadium

l Public Sports Ground, including ancillary areas such as retail area

l Indoor Sports Centre, including ancillary areas such as retail area

l Hotel Block, including ancillary areas such as retail area

l Office Block, including ancillary areas such as retail area

The master layout plan of the Project is shown in Figure 8-1-2.

8.1.3 The scope of this study includes identifying the quantity, quality and timing of the waste arising as a result of construction and operational activities of the Project based on the master layout plan is shown in the construction phasing plan, Figure 2-2 and Project programme as shown in Appendix 2A.

8.1.4 This WMI makes references to relevant WMI of the following EIA reports:

l Kai Tak Development (No. AEIAR-130/2009) (KTD EIA)

8.2 Environmental Legislation, Policies, Plans, Standards and Criteria

8.2.1 The criteria and guidelines for assessing waste management implications are set out in Annex 7 and Annex 15 of the Technical Memorandum on Environmental Impact Assessment Process (EIAO-TM), respectively.

8.2.2 The following legislation relates to the handling, treatment and disposal of wastes in the Hong Kong SAR and has been used in assessing potential impacts:

l Waste Disposal Ordinance (Cap. 354)

l Waste Disposal (Chemical Waste) (General) Regulation (Cap. 354C)

l Land (Miscellaneous Provisions) Ordinance (Cap. 28)

l Public Cleansing and Prevention of Nuisances Regulation (Cap. 132BK)

l Waste Disposal (Charges for Disposal of Construction Waste) Regulation (Cap. 354N)

l Dumping at Sea Ordinance (Cap. 466)

l Public Dumps, WB TC(W) No. 2/1993

l Management of Dredged/Excavated Sediment, ETWB TC(W) No. 34/2002

l Environmental Management on Construction Sites, ETWB TC(W) 19/2005

l Trip Ticket System for Disposal of Construction and Demolition Materials, DEVB TC(W) No. 6/2010

Waste Management

8.2.3 The Waste Disposal Ordinance (WDO) prohibits the unauthorized disposal of wastes. Construction waste is defined as any substance, matter or thing that is generated from construction work and abandoned, whether or not it has been processed or stockpiled before being abandoned, but does not include any sludge, screenings or matter removed in or generated from any desludging, desilting or dredging works. Under the WDO, wastes can be disposed of only at designated waste disposal facilities.

8.2.4 Under the WDO, the Chemical Waste (General) Regulation (1992) provides regulations for chemical waste control, and administers the possession, storage, collection, transport and disposal of chemical wastes. The Environmental Protection Department (EPD) has also issued a guideline document, the Code of Practice on the Packaging, Labelling and Storage of Chemical Wastes (1992), which details how the Contractor should comply with the regulations on chemical wastes.

Dredged Marine Sediment

8.2.5 The Development Bureau Technical Circulation (Works) No. 34/2002 (ETWB TCW No. 34/2002) sets out the procedure for seeking approval to dredge / excavate sediment and the management framework for marine disposal of dredged / excavated sediment. This Technical Circular outlines the requirements to be followed in assessing the classifying the sediment and explains the marine disposal arrangement for the classified material.

Construction and Demolition (C&D) Materials

8.2.6 The current policy related to the disposal of C&D materials is documented in the WB TCW No. 2/93, ‘Public Dumps’. All inert C&D materials (or public fills) that are wholly inert, namely public fill, should not be disposed of to landfill, but taken to public filling areas, which usually form part of reclamation schemes. The Land (Miscellaneous Provisions) Ordinance requires that dumping licenses be obtained by individuals or companies who deliver public fill to public filling areas. The Civil Engineering and Development Department (CEDD) issues the licenses under delegated powers from the Director of Lands.

8.2.7 Under the Waste Disposal (Charges for Disposal of Construction Waste) Regulation, enacted in January 2006, construction waste delivered to a landfill for disposal must not contain more than 50% by weight of inert material. Construction waste delivered to a sorting facility for disposal must contain more than 50% by weight of inert material, and construction waste delivered to a public fill reception facility for disposal must consist entirely of inert material. In accordance with the DEVB TCW No. 6/2010 “Trip Ticket System for Disposal of Construction and Demolition Materials”, for all contracts that are expected to generate inert C&D materials (e.g. soil, broken rock, broken concrete and building debris etc.) requiring disposal from the site, the Project office shall write to the Public Fill Committee (PFC) through the Secretary of the PFC to request a designated disposal ground for incorporation into the tender documents. For contracts where the estimated amount of non-inert C&D materials (C&D waste) (e.g. timber formwork, other construction debris, packaging waste, etc.) requiring disposal at landfill facilities equal to or exceed 50m³, the Project office shall seek confirmation from the Director of Environmental Protection (DEP) as to whether landfill facilities will be available for disposal of such materials. The DEP will designate landfill facilities, if available, for the contract. Where the estimated amount of non-inert C&D materials (C&D waste) to be generated from the contract is less than 50m³, the Project office is not required to apply to DEP for designated landfill facilities which is unlikely for this Project. However, the Project office should still specify in the tender documents appropriate landfill facilities (e.g. Outlying Islands Transfer Facilities managed by the EPD, SENT Landfill at Tseung Kwan O, NENT Landfill at Ta Kwu Ling and WENT Landfill at Nim Wan).

8.2.8 Enhancement measures to enhance the management of construction and demolition material, and to minimize its generation at source include:

l Drawing up a Construction and Demolition Material Management Plan (C&DMMP) at the feasibility study or preliminary design stage to minimize C&D material generation and encourage proper management of such material;

l Vetting of the C&DMMP prior to upgrading of the Project to Category A in the Public Works Programme;

l Providing the contractor with information from the C&DMMP in order to facilitate him in the preparation of the Waste Management Plan (WMP) and to minimize C&D materials generation during construction.

8.2.9 Projects generating C&D materials less than 50,000m³ or importing fill material less than 50,000m³ are exempted from the C&DMMP. The ETWB TCW No. 19/2005 “Environmental Management on Construction Sites” includes procedures on waste management requiring contractors to reduce the C&D materials to be disposed of during the course of construction. Under ETWB TCW No. 19/2005, the contractor is required to prepare and implement and Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and the WMP becomes part of the EMP. Besides, DEVB TCW No. 6/2010 “Trip Ticket System for Disposal of Construction and Demolition Materials” promulgates the latest trip ticket system for public works contracts including capital works contracts, term contracts and design and build contracts, where C&D materials including waste generated on site require disposal.

8.3 Assessment Methodology

Construction Impacts

8.3.1 Based on Master Layout Plan, a method statement for construction and construction programme is drafted as shown in Section 2.6. The key activities include

l General Preliminaries, such as hoarding access roads, temporary utilities, site office and plant set up.

l Site formation works, involving site levelling, drainage and permanent access road and utilities, and formation of access ramps.

l Foundation, including piled foundations, pre-boring, pile testing, shallow foundation and pile cap construction with excavation and lateral supports.

l Superstructure works.

l Finishes, such as building façade, stadium covers, signage etc.

l Building services and supporting M&E works.

l External works such as hard and soft landscaping, pavement, lighting and road sign and other street furniture.

l General site clearance.

8.3.2 Based on the method statement for construction and the construction programme, a phasing plan is developed as shown in Figure 2-2. The types of construction waste and C&D materials will be identified. The quantity, quality and timing of construction waste will be estimated accordingly, taking into consideration of alternative design schemes and construction methods, aiming at minimizing the generation of construction waste.

8.3.3 After considering the opportunities for reducing waste generation and maximizing re-use, the types and quantities of waste required to be disposal of as a consequence shall be estimated and the disposal methods / options of each type of wastes shall be analyzed.

8.3.4 Based on the selected option for disposal of both inert C&D materials (or public fills) and non-inert C&D materials (or C&D waste), some designated landfill site and public filling areas will have to be identified. Preliminary construction traffic routes are proposed taking into consideration of feasible land routes and sea routes by barging and balancing the cut and fill in order to minimize the generation of inert C&D materials (or public fills) and maximize the use of inert C&D materials (or public fills) for other construction works.

8.3.5 The route for construction traffic from the Project Site to the barging point via the existing construction route in KTD prior to construction of Road D2 and D3 is shown in Figure 8-3-1. Assuming that Road D2 or D3 will be completed by Year 2021, but without Central Kowloon Route (CKR), this traffic route will not be available during the later stage of the Project construction. The construction route will make use of the alignment of CKR as shown in Figure 8-3-2. If CKR alignment is not available, construction traffic has to pass through the Metro Park. It is envisaged that the construction traffic at the later stage of construction will be greatly reduced as all foundation works, earth works and structural works should have been substantially completed. The construction traffic mainly serves the M&E plant delivery, decorative material and disposal of packaging material and other construction wastes. The frequency of using the barging route will be substantially reduced.

8.3.6 The depth of basement excavation is compared with the available ground investigation borelogs in order to assess if sediment removal from excavation is required.

Operation Phase Impacts

8.3.7 Based on the Master Layout Plan, various operational activities will be identified. The major activities that generate waste include:

l Main Stadium: sports events, performance events, food and beverage, cleaning, repair, maintenance and renovation.

l Public Sports Ground: sports events, public activities, food and beverage, cleaning, repair, maintenance and renovation.

l Indoor Sports Centre: sports events, retails activities, training classes, sports supporting activities, such as food and beverage, cleaning, repair, maintenance and renovation.

l Office block: office activities, food and beverage, cleaning, repair, maintenance and renovation.

l Hotel block: guest accommodation, food and beverage, amenities, retail and hopping facilities, back of house activities, such as laundry, cleaning, repair, maintenance and renovation.

l Transport facilities such as road and carpark cleaning, crowd control activities, repair and maintenance.

l Outdoor activities such as planting, irrigation, cleaning, repair and maintenance.

8.3.8 These wastes generated are classified as domestic and commercial solid waste referred to in Appendix 1 of Monitoring Solid Waste in Hong Kong – Waste Statistics for 2014.

Development Parameters

8.3.9 The development parameters and population of the Project are summarized in Table 8-1.

l This GFA schedule is used to develop the population which will be used for assessment of waste for operation phase. The area for assessment of construction waste is further elaborated in Section 8.4.2.

Table 8-1 Development Parameters and Population Estimation of the Project

Area	Use	Population			Quantities			Rate			Remarks
		Type	Estimation	Sub- total	No. of seats in sports facility	GFA (m^2)	No. of Hotel Rooms	Sports facility	Office Area & Retail Area	Hotel Area
Main Stadium	Sports facilities	Spectator	50,000		50,000	-	-	-	-	-	-
		Permanent employee ^(1)	30			-	-	21/ 40,000	-	-	Population pro-rated from Hong Kong Stadium
		Temporary employee ^(1)	5,125			-	-	4,100/ 40,000	-	-	-
		Subtotal		55,155
Public Sports Ground	Sports facilities	Spectator	7,000		7,000	-	-	-	-	-	-
		Permanent employee ^(1)	55			-	-	21/ 40,000	-	-	Population pro-rated from Tseung Kwan O
		Temporary employee ^(1)	475			-	-	4,100/ 40,000	-	-	-
		Subtotal		7,530
Indoor Sports Centre	Sports facilities	Spectator	5,400		5,400	-	-	-	-	-	-
		Permanent employee ^(1)	55			-	-	21/ 40,000	-	-	Population pro-rated from Queen Elizabeth Stadium
		Temporary employee ^(1)	55			-	-	4,100/ 40,000	-	-	-
		Subtotal		5,510
Hotel Area	Residential	Resident	480		-	-	300	-	-	2 x 80%	Assume 2 people/room with 80% occupancy
		Employee	300		-			-	-	1	Assume 1 worker/ room
		Subtotal		780
Office Area	Commercial	Employee	800		-	16,000	-	-	1/20	-	Assume 1 worker/ 20m^2 GFA
		Subtotal		800
Retail Area	Commercial	Employee	2,280		-	57,000	-	-	1/25	-	Assume 1 worker/ 25m^2 GFA
		Visitor	2,105		-			-	-	-	(57,000/13 – 2,280)
		Subtotal		4,385
TOTAL				74,160

Note: (1) The estimated population is rounded up to the nearest 5 unit.

8.4 Identification of Key Environmental Impacts

Construction Phase

8.4.1 The construction works of the subject development mainly include site formation, underground utility foundation work, basement construction and superstructure construction. The estimated period for the whole construction is 56 months.

8.4.2 According to preliminary civil and structural engineering design and based on total site area of 283,559 m², the estimated quantities of C&D materials generated from this development is 657,519 m³, including bulking factor of 1.9 for building debris and 1.2 for soil, or 820,719 tonnes with breakdown of waste estimation as shown in Table 8-2 to 8-5.

Table 8-2 Breakdown of Covered Area (Building Footprint) in m²

Item	Site Area	Building Footprint (m^2)			Remark
		Gross Area	Deduction	Net Area
1	Main Stadium
1.1	Stadium	49,084
1.2	Field Area in Stadium		12,960		Non building area
1.3	Net Area in Stadium			36,124
2	Public Sport Ground
2.1	Sport ground	30,459
2.2	Field Area in Public Sport Ground		11,393		Non building area
2.3	Net Area in Public Sport Ground			19,066
3	Indoor Sports Centre	34,774		34,774
4	Hotel	2,188		2,188
5	Office cum basement				Includes 3,100 m^2 basement
5.1	Office	3,532		3,532
5.2	Basement				3100 m^2
	Sub-total	120037		95,684
6	Podium Deck	109,639		109,639
Total Building Footprint		229,676		205,323

Table 8-3 Estimated Quantities of Inert C&D materials

Item	Description	Area (Refer to Table 8-2)	Depth (m)	Percentage Site Coverage (%)	Volume (m^3)	Bulk Factor	Factored Volume (m^3)	Total* (T)
		(a)	(b)	(c)	(d) = (a)*(b)*(c)	(e)	(f) = (d)*(e)	(g) = (f)*1.3
1	Site clearance (including demolition work & RC slab 300mm)	283,559	0.3	100%	85,068	1.9	161,629	210,117
2	Site formation (including open space 400 mm soil)	283,559	0.4	100%	113,424	1.2	136,108	176,941
3	Excavation for building sub-structure (piling + pilecap + trenches)	95,684	2.0	40%	76,547	1.2	91,857	119,414
4	Excavation for podium deck (including piling + utilities)	109,639	1.5	40%	65,783	1.2	78,940	102,622
5	Excavation for sub-structure above pile cap (ave.depth (m))	205,323	1.0	40%	82,129	1.2	98,555	128,122
6	Excavation of Basement	3,100	6.0	100%	18,600	1.2	22,320	29,016
7	Total excavated soil/concrete materials				441,551		589,409	766,231
*Density = 1,300 kg/m^3

Inert C&D materials include normal excavated soil, rock, sand, demolished concrete rubble, brick, tile, masonry, asphalt, etc.

Table 8-4 Estimated Quantities of Non-inert C&D Materials

Item	Description	CFA (m^2)	Total CFA (m^2)	Tonne/CFA (T/m^2)	Weight (T)	Volume* (m^3)
		(a)	(b)	(c)	(d) = (b)*(c)	(e) = (d)/0.8
1	Main Stadium		112,093	0.07	7,847	9,808
2	Public sports ground
2.1	Stadium	22,033
2.2	Retail	2,968
2.3	Sub-total		25,001	0.07	1,750	2,188
3	Indoor Sports Arena
3.1	Sports ground	122,811
3.2	Retail	48,351
3.3	Sub-total		171,162	0.18	30,809	38,511
4	Hotel block
4.1	Hotel	16,837
4.2	Retail	2,065
4.3	Sub-total		18,902	0.13	2,457	3,072
5	Office cum Basement	18,780	26,112	0.09	2,350	2,938
6	Retail	7,332
7	Open Space		160,000	0.01	1,600	2,000
8	Podium deck		109,639	0.07	7,675	9,593
	Total				54,488	68,110
*Assumed density: 800 kg/m^3
Remarks: Advised by the Quantity Surveyor in Sept 15 Non-inert C&D materials include Timber formwork, other construction debris, packaging waste, etc.

Table 8-5 Estimated Quantities of C&D Materials Generated

Total C&D materials	657,519 m^3		820,719 tonnes
	(m^3)	% of total volume	(tonnes)	% of total weight
Portion of C&D materials to be reused on site	141,945	21%	184,528	22%
Portion of inert C&D materials (public fill) be disposed offsite	447,464	69%	581,703	71%
Non-inert C&D materials (C&D Waste) to be disposed to Landfill	68,110	10%	54,488	7%
Total volume of C&D Materials	= 589,409 + 68,110		= 657,519	m^3
Total weight of C&D Materials	= 766,231 + 54,488		= 820,719	tonnes

8.4.3 The estimated C&D materials are generated in line with the construction programme as shown in Table 8-6.

Table 8-6 Annual Disposal of C&D Materials During Construction

Year	Inert C&D materials (or public fills) (m^3) to be disposed of	Non-inert C&D materials (or C&D waste) (m^3) to be disposed of	Total (m^3)
2018	178,986	-	178,986
2019	178,986	6,811	185,797
2020	44,746	27,244	71,990
2021	35,797	30,650	66,447
2022	8,949	3,405	12,354
Total	447,464	68,110	515,574

8.4.4 The site of the public fill should be identified prior to preparing the Waste Management Plan (WMP). All construction waste should be reused/recycled whenever possible.

8.4.5 The recommended construction waste management strategy is to segregate C&D materials from construction waste. Around 70% of inert C&D materials shall be disposed of at public fill area.

8.4.6 According to the basement layout as shown in Figure 8-4-1, the basement formation level is at -1.0 mPD, the bottom of excavation will be -1.5 mPD, allowing for structures below ground, or depth of 6.5 m below existing ground level. According to available ground investigation information as shown in Figures 8-4-2 and 8-4-3, the top level of marine deposits at borehole no. BH18, see Figure 8-4-2, is 8 m. Therefore, no marine sediments will be excavated. According to BH18, the marine deposits are silty fine to coarse sand which may be used to backfill on site in the case when such soil strata is excavated. However, the chance of encountering marine sediment is very remote as the basement location is on the downstream side of BH18. Though no marine sediment excavation is required, in the case when dredging/excavation of sediment is found required, the Project Proponent is required to observe the requirements of ETWB TC(W) 34/2002 and make submissions to the DASO Authority and Marine Fill committee for consideration prior to starting dredging/excavation if dredging/excavation is found inevitable after exhausting all possible avenues.

General Refuse

8.4.7 Throughout construction, the workforce would generate refuse comprising food scraps, waste paper, empty containers, etc. Escape of such refuse from the site should not be allowed to occur.

8.4.8 Effective collection and removal of site wastes will be required to prevent waste materials being blown around by wind, flushed or leached into the aquatic environment, and to prevent odour nuisance. The work sites may also attract pests and vermin if the waste storage area is not well maintained and cleaned regularly. Disposal of refuse must be at approved waste transfer or disposal facilities. With the implementation of good waste management practices at the site, adverse environmental impacts would not be expected to arise from the storage, handling and transportation of refuse.

Bentonite Slurry

8.4.9 Bentonite slurry may be used, depending on the construction method proposed by the Contractor, during pre-boring of piling works. It was estimated that approximately 3,000 m³ of used bentonite slurry may require off-site disposal.

Chemical Waste

8.4.10 The maintenance and servicing of construction plant and equipment may possibly generate some chemical wastes, for instance, cleaning fluids, solvents, lubrication oil and fuel. Maintenance of vehicles may also involve the use of a variety of chemicals, oil and lubricants.

8.4.11 Chemical wastes arising during the construction phase may pose environmental, health and safety hazards if not stored and disposed of in an appropriate manner as stipulated in the Waste Disposal (Chemical Waste) (General) Regulations. The potential hazards include:

· Toxic effects on the workforce.

· Adverse impacts on water quality and aquatic biota from spills.

· Fire hazards.

8.4.12 Materials classified as chemical wastes will require special handling and storage arrangements before removal for appropriate treatment at the Chemical Waste Treatment Centre at Tsing Yi. Wherever possible opportunities should be taken to reuse and recycle materials. Mitigation and control requirements for chemical wastes are detailed in Section 8.5. Provided that the handling, storage and disposal of chemical wastes are in accordance with these requirements, adverse environmental impacts are not expected to result.

Uncertainties in Prediction & Evaluation of Environmental Impacts

8.4.13 It is difficult to quantify the amount of general refuse and chemical waste that will arise from the construction activities since it would be highly dependent on the Contractor’s on-site maintenance requirements and the number of plant utilised. However, as a worst case, it is estimated that a factor of 0.65 kg per worker per day of general refuse will be generated. The total quantity of waste generated would thus be estimated 275.25 kg per day, assuming the size of the work force would be a maximum of 145 resident site staff (RSS) and 280 construction workers. Also it is anticipated that the quantity of chemical waste, such as lubricating oil and solvent produced from plant maintenance, would be small and in the order of a few cubic metres (i.e.< 5 m³) in total over the construction period. The amount of chemical waste to be generated would be quantified in the site Waste Management Plan to be prepared by the Contractor.

8.4.14 The construction of the proposed works would require the preparation of a Waste Management Plan (WMP) prior to the commencement of the construction works.

Operation Phase

8.4.15 According to Monitoring Solid Waste in Hong Kong, Statistics for Hong Kong 2014 (Solid Waste 2014). Municipal wastes include Domestic Waste, Commercial Waste and Industrial Waste. The solid waste generated from the Project consists of domestic waste and commercial wastes but not industrial waste. All activities referred to in Section 8.3.7 generate both domestic and commercial wastes.

8.4.16 The quantities of waste are estimated based on Solid Waste 2014, the average waste generation rates are as follow:

l Domestic waste 0.89kg / pax / day

l Commercial waste 0.35kg / pax / day

l Industrial waste 0.11kg / pax / day

8.4.17 These waste generation rates are based on total waste per capita. Only the hotel residence in the Project Site will likely generate 100% of the domestic waste and all occupants not within sports facilities will likely generate 100% of commercial waste. Other occupants will likely generate a portion of the daily waste within the Project Site while the remaining portion will be generated at their normal place of residence or other working areas outside the Project Site. Thus, weighting factors are assigned to various occupants based on the time spent in the Project as follow:

Table 8-7 Waste Generation Rates of Occupants

Item	Area	Personnel	Domestic waste			Commercial waste
			Avg. waste generation rate (kg/pax/day)	Weighting factor (%)	Adjusted rate (kg/pax/day)	Avg. waste generation rate (kg/pax/day)	Weighting factor (%)	Adjusted rate (kg/pax/day)
1	Sports facilities	Spectator	0.89	40%	0.356	0.35	25%	0.088
		Permanent employee		60%	0.534		25%	0.088
		Part time employee		40%	0.356		25%	0.088
2	Hotel	Guests		100%	0.890		100%	0.350
		Permanent employee		60%	0.534		100%	0.350
3	Office	Permanent employee		60%	0.534		100%	0.350
4	Retail	Permanent employee		60%	0.534		100%	0.350
		Customers		40%	0.356		100%	0.350

8.4.18 Based on the estimated population waste generation rates and weighing factors, the total domestic waste generated during full operation and at full house sports events, about 35 tpd of municipal solid waste consisting of 27 tpd of Domestic Solid Waste and 8 tpd Commercial Solid Waste will be generated in the Project Site. The breakdown of solid waste generated is shown in Table 8-8.

Table 8-8 Breakdown of Solid Waste Generated during Operation with Full House Sports Events

Item	Area	Population		Waste Generation
				Domestic		Commercial			Municipal
		Type	Estimation^(1)	Rate^(2) (kg/pax/ day)	Waste (tpd)	Sub- total (tpd)	Rate^(2) (kg/pax/ day)	Waste (tpd)	Sub- total (tpd)	Waste (tpd)	Sub- total (tpd)
1	Main Stadium	Spectator	50,000	0.356	17.800		0.0875	4.375		22.175
		Permanent employee	30	0.534	0.016		0.0875	0.003		0.019
		Temporary employee	5,125	0.356	1.825		0.0875	0.448		2.273
						19.641			4.826		24.467
2	Public Sports Ground	Spectator	7,000	0.356	2.492		0.0875	0.613		3.105
		Permanent employee	55	0.534	0.029		0.0875	0.005		0.034
		Temporary employee	475	0.356	0.169		0.0875	0.042		0.211
						2.690			0.659		3.349
3	Indoor Sports Centre	Spectator	5,400	0.356	1.922		0.0875	0.473		2.395
		Permanent employee	55	0.534	0.029		0.0875	0.005		0.034
		Temporary employee	55	0.356	0.020		0.0875	0.005		0.024
						1.971			0.482		2.453
4	Hotel	Spectator	480	0.89	0.427		0.35	0.168		0.595
		Permanent employee	300	0.534	0.160		0.35	0.105		0.265
						0.587			0.273		0.860
5	Office Area	Employee	800	0.534	0.427		0.35	0.280		0.707
						0.427			0.280		0.707
6	Retail Area	Employee	2,280	0.534	1.218		0.35	0.798		2.016
		visitor	2,105	0.356	0.749		0.35	0.737		1.486
						1.967			1.535		3.502
	Total					27.284			8.055		35.339

Note:

(1) Population estimation from Table 8-1.

(2) Waste generation rate from Table 8-7.

8.5 Mitigation Measures of Environmental Impacts

Construction Phase

8.5.1 In order to minimize construction waste, precast or prefabrication construction shall be adopted as far as applicable. Inert C&D materials (or public fills) will be used to form the ramps and other filling area as far as civil engineering design permits.

8.5.2 The inert C&D materials that can be reused/recycled on site amounting to 141,945 m³, see Table 8-5, while 447,464m³ will be transported to the public fill area by barge through trucks to the barging point. Based on the present construction programme and according to CEDD Public Fill Management, reclamation works for Tung Chung New Town Extension (East) can be considered as alternative disposal outlet for the inert C&D materials (or public fills). If the designated public fill area cannot accommodate these materials, the surplus materials may be transported to Mainland China through Tuen Mun Area 38, which is a fill bank for temporary stockpiling of surplus fill materials. The surplus fill will be reused beneficially in reclamation projects in Mainland China. A detailed C&DMMP to minimize C&D material generation and encourage proper management of such material will be submitted to the Public Fill Committee for approval as stated in Section 8.2.8.

8.5.3 In order to minimize the non-inert C&D waste material during construction, the Contractor have to prepare a waste management plan to encourage material recycling and waste minimization. The non-inert C&D waste materials shall be disposed of at the landfill. The waste materials amounting to 68,110 m³, see Table 8-6, will be transported by barge similar to inert C&D materials (public fills).

8.5.4 It is assumed a truck’s load capacity is approximately 15 tonnes (≈ 8 m³). The maximum number of trucks per year required are as follow:

l Public fill – 178,986/8 = 22,373 truck load

l Landfill – 6,811/8 = 851 truck load

Total = 23,224 truck load

At peak disposal, the monthly truck load is 1,935 (23,224/12) and the daily truck load is about 75 (1,935/26).

8.5.5 Therefore, the entire construction period of 56 months require 64,447 trucks to dispose 515,574 m³ C&D materials.

8.5.6 The construction trucks will follow the route as shown in Figure 8-3-1 or Figure 8-3-2 to the barging point depending on the schedule of the Project construction as shown in Appendix 2A and availability of roads D2 and D3. The hauling of C&D materials shall follow established environmental mitigation measures as stated in Practice Note for Registered Contractors No. 17 “Control of Environmental Nuisance from Construction Sites” issued by the Buildings Department as shown in Appendix 8A covering mitigation measures and good construction practice to avoid construction nuisance for haulage within and outside MPSC site, and in public roads and transfer facilities.

General Refuse

8.5.7 General refuse should be stored in enclosed bins or compaction units separate from C&D materials. A reputable waste collector should be employed by the contractor to remove general refuse from the site, separately from C&D materials. An enclosed and covered area is preferred to reduce the occurrence of 'wind blown' light material.

Bentonite Slurry

8.5.8 Bentonite slurries used in construction works should be reconditioned and reused wherever practicable. The storage silos shall be bunded. Position bentonite storage silos and supply lines shall be placed as far as possible from surface water drains, watercourses or sea. The areas where bentonite is mixed shall be surrounded with a small wall or contain them within a bund and ensure it is contained within working area and does not enter any watercourses, surface water drains or sea. Record of the amount of bentonite used shall be kept for checking in case of quantities of bentonite used is larger than anticipated it is possible that these materials are escaping. Residual used bentonite slurry should be disposed of from the site as soon as possible as stipulated in Clause 8.62 of the General Specification for Civil Engineering Works which states “Bentonite slurry which will not be reused shall be disposed of from the Site as soon as possible.” Residual used dewatered bentonite slurry should be disposed to a public filling area and liquid bentonite slurry if mixed with inert fill material should be disposed to a public filling area.

Chemical Wastes

8.5.9 If chemical wastes were to be produced at the construction site, the Contractor would be required to register with the EPD as a Chemical Waste Producer, and to follow the guidelines stated in the Code of Practice on the Packaging, Labelling and Storage of Chemical Wastes. Good quality containers compatible with the chemical wastes should be used, and incompatible chemicals should be stored separately. Appropriate labels should be securely attached on each chemical waste container indicating the corresponding chemical characteristics of the waste such as explosive, flammable, oxidizing, irritant, toxic, harmful, corrosive, etc. The Contractor shall use a licensed collector to transport the chemical wastes. The licensed collector shall deliver the waste to the Chemical Waste Treatment Centre at Tsing Yi, or other licensed facility, in accordance with the Waste Disposal (Chemical Waste) (General) Regulation.

Operation Phase

8.5.10 According to Section 8.4.17, the daily waste generation after full house sports events is about 35 tpd. This quantities of waste may be further reduced by introduction of the following means:

l Minimize unnecessary waste generation by means of promotion materials, such as wider use of information technology and announcements;

l Encourage spectators to bring along personal containers for food and drinks and

l Sufficient recycling containers will be provided at suitable locations to encourage recycling of such waste aluminium cans, plastics and waste paper.

8.5.11 There will still be solid waste to be disposed of after the said waste reduction measures. The refuse will be disposed at approved waste transfer or disposal facilities by refuse collection vehicle. However, the quantities of solid waste to be disposed of is about 35 tpd. Assuming current waste vehicles that can handle 9 ton per load or 240 to 660 litre plastic bins, the envisaged number of truck load is less than four which will not impose significant impact to both land transportation and waste disposal facilities.

8.5.12 In most cases the solid wastes generated from sports or other events have to be stored and waste collection and transference can only be carried out after the vacation of the sports facilities and crowd dispersal. Adequate solid waste storage facilities shall be provided in the Project Site. For provision of waste storage facilities, reference should be made to Practice Notes for Authorized Persons/Registered Structural Engineers/Registered Geotechnical Engineers APP-35 (PNAP No. 98).

8.6 Recommendation

8.6.1 Precast and prefabricated construction shall be adopted as far as practicable. Reuse and recycle of construction waste should be implemented as much as possible and construction and operation waste should be minimized during the design, construction and operation phases. The Project Proponent should incorporate appropriate contract provisions to arrange propose re-use of excavated materials in their site clearance and site formation and excavation work sites as stated in Section 8.5.3.

8.6.2 The Contractor should establish a C&DMMP and submit the Plan to the Public Fill Committee for approval.

8.6.3 Implementation of mitigation measures shall be monitored as specified in the Environmental Monitoring and Audit Manual.