12.          Conclusions

12.1        Introduction

12.1.1    This EIA Report has provided an assessment of the potential environmental impacts associated with the construction and operation of the Project, based on the engineering design information available at this stage. The assessment has been conducted, in accordance with the EIA Study Brief (No. ESB –288/2015) under the EIAO for the Project, covering the following environmental issues:

·         Air Quality Impact

·         Noise Impact

·         Hazard to Life

·         Water Quality Impact

·         Waste Management Implications

·         Ecological Impact

·         Landscape and Visual Impacts

12.1.2    The findings of this EIA study have determined the likely nature and extent of environmental impacts predicted to arise from the construction and operation of the Project. During the EIA process, environmental control measures have been identified and incorporated into the planning and design of the Project, to achieve compliance with environmental legislation and standards during both the construction and operation phases. The Implementation Schedule listing the recommended mitigation measures is presented in Section 11. A summary of key assessment assumptions and limitation of methodologies are presented in Appendix 12.1.

12.1.3    Overall, the EIA study for the Lai Chi Yuen Cemetery extension works has predicted that the Project, with the implementation of the mitigation measures, would be environmentally acceptable with no unacceptable residual impacts on the population and environmentally sensitive resources. The sections below summarise the environmental outcomes/benefits that have accrued from the environmental considerations and analysis during the EIA process and the implementation of environmental control measures of the Project.

 

12.2        Summary of Environmental Outcomes

Estimated Populations and Environmentally Sensitive Areas Protected from Various Environmental Impacts

 

12.2.1    The Project is located adjacent to the existing Lai Chi Yuen Cemetery in Mui Wo, inside Lantau South Country Park. It is a rural area with scarce population. Environmentally sensitive areas in the vicinity of the Project site include Lai Chi Yuen Tsuen, scattered village houses at the northwest of the Project site, Ngau Koo Wan Hill Court and Lantau South Country Park. These sensitive areas have been protected through the avoidance or minimization of environmental impacts from the construction and operation of the Project. Adverse air quality and noise impacts on sensitive receivers within the assessment area would not be anticipated. Risk associated with existing hazardous facilities in the vicinity (i.e. Silvermine Bay Water Treatment Works) would be within As Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP) Region for the societal risk where within “Acceptable” level for individual risk. Potential ecological, landscape and visual impacts associated with the Project have been minimized with environmentally friendly design (e.g. adoption of elevated platform, minimize the scale of the proposed barrier-free site access).

Environmental Designs Recommended, Environmental Friendly Option Considered and Incorporated in the Preferred Option

 

12.2.2    Environmental considerations were taken into account in the selection of preferred option, design and construction method of the Project as detailed in Section 2.

12.2.3    Elevated platform design within the existing Lai Chi Yuen Cemetery boundary is adopted to accommodate the proposed niches and ancillary facilities in order to minimize the Project footprint and hence disturbance to surrounding environment. Furthermore, the scale of the proposed barrier-free site access, which is indispensable for the development, has been minimized to 7.5m2. With this design, the scale of the construction works would be limited and hence the environmental impacts during the construction phase e.g. fugitive dust emissions, noise from the use of powered mechanical equipment (PME), waste generation and disturbance to wildlife, would be minimized.

12.2.4    During operational phase, Best Available Technology (BAT) would be adopted for the proposed joss paper burner to minimize potential air quality impact from joss paper burning activities. The aboveground structures of the Project including proposed elevated platform, structural columns, niches and ancillary facilities would be designed to blend in the structures to the adjacent landscape and visual context.  Amenity tree and shrub planting would be provided at the edge of the platform to provide green transition between the proposed extension and the existing natural terrain. Screen planting (with climber) would be provided in front of the structural columns of the elevated platform to minimize the potential visual impact.

Key Environmental Problems Avoided and Compensation Area Included

 

12.2.5    With the consideration of various alternative options in site selection and design, the Project has avoided or minimized the following environmental problems: 

·         Avoidance of waterbodies / water courses loss;

·         Avoidance of areas of archaeological interest;

·         Minimization of loss of ecological habitats;

·         Minimization of loss of trees;

·         Minimization of generation of excavated material; and

·         Minimize the number of environmental sensitive receivers to be affected.

12.2.6    Owing to the limited site area, 6 trees will be compensated at the proposed elevated platform and 24 trees will be compensated within the boundary of the existing cemetery. 

 Environmental Benefits of Environmental Protection Measures Recommended

 

12.2.7    Environmental benefits of environmental protection measures recommended in this EIA Report are summarised below.

Air Quality

 

Construction Phase

12.2.8    Potential air quality impacts from the construction works would be related to dust emission from site formation, erection of retaining walls and construction of proposed new niches and the ancillary facilities including a joss paper burner and planters. With the implementation of dust suppression measures specified in the Air Pollution Control (Construction Dust) Regulation and good site practices, no adverse air quality impact would be anticipated during construction phase.

Operational Phase

12.2.9    Potential air quality impact arising from the joss paper burning activities has been assessed. With the incorporation of flue gas treatment system and the implementation of the good operational practices and administrative measures as well as good maintenance practices for the proposed joss paper burner, no  adverse  air  quality  impact  would  be  expected  during  operation  of  the  Project.

Noise

 

Construction Phase

12.2.10  This assessment has predicted the construction noise impacts of the Project during normal daytime working. The predicted unmitigated noise levels at representative NSRs would range from 58 to 75 dB(A), complying with the construction noise criteria of 75dB(A). No mitigation measure is therefore recommended. 

Operational Phase

12.2.11  The fixed plant noise sources associated with the operation of the Project include two water pumps and the proposed joss paper burner. The assessment results indicated that the operational noise levels at the representative NSRs would comply with the fixed plant noise criteria. Therefore, no mitigation measure is recommended.

Hazard to Life

 

Construction Phase

12.2.12  The risk increase due to construction of the proposed Project is assessed. The societal risk level is in the ALARP Region. Risk mitigation measures and a number of good practices that can effectively reduce the risk to construction workers are recommended.

Operation Phase

12.2.13  The risk increase due to operation of the proposed Project is assessed. The societal risk level is in the ALARP Region.  A Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) is carried out and it is found out that there is no cost-effective risk mitigation measure during operation phase. The Potential Loss of Life (PLL) contribution by the proposed Project to the overall risk of Silvermine Bay Water Treatment Works (SMBWTW) is minimal.  The CBA demonstrates that proposed Project is compliant with the ALARP principle. Nonetheless, good practice for operator is recommended to minimize the impact in case of chlorine accident.

Water Quality

 

Construction Phase

12.2.14  The key issue from the construction activities of the Project would be the potential for release of wastewater from surface works areas and open cut excavation. Minimization of water quality deterioration could be achieved through implementing adequate mitigation measures, such as control of site run-off of different general construction activities. 

Operational Phase

12.2.15  The potential source of water quality impact during operation of the new niches would be the sewage generated from staff and visitors as well as runoff from the Project. It is anticipated that the water quality impact associated with the operational phase would be minimal and acceptable, provided that the recommended mitigation measures and best management practices are properly implemented.

Waste Management

 

12.2.16  Waste management implications associated with the construction and operation of the Project have been identified and assessed. In view of the nature and small scale of the Project, insignificant amount of waste would be generated. With implementation of the recommended good waste management practices, no unacceptable environmental impacts would be anticipated during construction and operation of the Project.

Ecology

 

12.2.17  Direct loss of habitats due to the construction of the Project would be minimized to approximately 0.0232ha through the elevated platform design. An individual of Aquilaria sinensis with conservation interest located within the project site would be affected by the construction work. With the adoption of the recommended measures (e.g. transplantation), the potential impact would be minimized.

12.2.18  Indirect impacts during the construction phase would comprise human disturbance, construction dust and noise, and construction site runoff. With proper implementation of good site practices, no unacceptable ecological impact would be anticipated. The level of disturbance during the operation phase would be comparable to the existing condition. No unacceptable impact would therefore be expected.

Landscape and Visual

 

12.2.19  With the proposed mitigation measures, which include the preservation of existing trees, compensatory planting, control of night-time lighting glare, erection of screen hoarding in visually unobtrusive colour, management of construction activities and facilities, reinstatement of temporarily disturbed landscape area, it was predicted that there would be slight residual impact during construction.

12.2.20   During operation, with the implementation of mitigation measures, which include aesthetically pleasing design of above ground structures, amenity tree and shrub planting and screen planting to soften the structural columns of the elevated platform, it was predicted that the residual impact on the visitors to Lai Chi Yuen Cemetery would remain slight in day 1 and year 10 of the operation.

 

12.3        Summary of Environmental Impacts

12.3.1    A summary of environmental impacts for the environmental issues assessed in this EIA is presented in Appendix 12.2.

 

12.4        Documentation of Public Concerns

12.4.1    Lai Chi Yuen Cemetery site is one of the 12 batch one sites that were announced by the Government on 6 July 2010 when it launched the first public consultation on review of columbarium policy. The Project is supported by Islands District Council, the Lantau Area Committee and the Mui Wo Rural Committee.  No major concerns from public was received during the course of the EIA study.