11 WASTE Management

11.1 Introduction

11.1.1 This Section examines the type, quantity, quality and timing of potential sources of waste that will arise during the construction and operation phases of the Project and evaluates the potential environmental impacts associated with their handling and disposal. Options for avoidance, minimization, reuse, recycling, treatment, storage, collection, transport and disposal of such wastes are examined.

11.1.2 Where unacceptable impacts are identified, appropriate mitigation measures and good site practices are recommended. Disposal options are outlined for each type of waste.

11.2 Environmental Legislation, Policies, Standards and Criteria

11.2.1 There are various types of waste which may potentially arise during construction works. The various types of waste may require a different approach for management according to their specific characteristics. The regulations and requirements applicable to the management (collection, storage, transfer and disposal) of various waste streams are summarised below.

Waste Disposal Ordinance (Cap.354)

11.2.2 The principal legislation regulating waste is the Waste Disposal Ordinance (WDO). The WDO prohibits the unauthorized disposal of waste, and waste should be disposed of at locations licensed by the EPD.

Waste Disposal (Chemical Waste) (General) Regulation

11.2.3 Chemical waste producers must register with EPD and either treat chemical waste produced through the use of an on-site plant licensed by EPD, or via a licensed contractor to collect and transfer the waste to a licensed facility. The Regulation also prescribes necessary storage facilities to be provided on site, and all requirements for waste labelling and the posting of warning signs.

Construction and Demolition (C&D) Materials

11.2.4 Under the Waste Disposal (Charges for Disposal of Construction Waste) Regulation, construction waste delivered to a landfill for disposal must not contain more than 50% by weight of inert material. Construction waste delivered to a sorting facility for disposal must contain more than 50% by weight of inert material, and construction waste delivered to a public fill reception facility for disposal must consist entirely of inert material.

11.2.5 In accordance with the Chapter 4 of the Project Administration Handbook for Civil Engineering Works, submission of C&D Material Management Plan (C&DMMP) is required for project generates more than 50,000 m³ C&D materials or requires imported fill in excess of 50,000 m³. Further measures have been introduced under Paragraph 4.1.3 of Chapter 4 of the PAH for Civil Engineering Works to enhance the management of C&D materials, and to minimize its generation at source. The enhancement measures include:

· Drawing up a C&DMMP at an early design stage to minimise C&D materials generation and to encourage proper management of such materials;

· Vetting of the C&DMMP prior to upgrading of the project to Category A in the Public Works Programme; and

· Providing the contractor with information from the C&DMMP in order to facilitate the preparation of Waste Management Plan (WMP) and to minimize C&D materials generation during construction.

11.2.6 The ETWB TCW No. 19/2005 Environmental Management on Construction Sites introduces additional measures to enhance waste management on construction sites. The circular sets out the policies and procedures that require the contractors to prepare and implement an Environmental Management Plan (EMP), which includes the WMP to encourage on-site sorting of C&D materials and to minimize generation of C&D materials during the course of construction.

Other Relevant Guidelines

11.2.7 The following documents and guidelines also relate to waste management disposal:

· WBTC No. 2/93, Public Dumps

· WBTC No 2/93B, Public Filling Facilities

· WBTC No. 16/96, Wet Soil in Public Dumps

· WBTC Nos. 4/98 and 4/98A, Use of Public Fill in Reclamation and Earth Filling Project

· WBTC No. 12/2000, Fill Management

· WBTC No. 19/2001, Metallic Site Hoardings and Signboards

· WBTC No. 12/2002, Specification Facilitating the Use of Recycled Aggregates

· ETWB TCW No. 34/2002, Management of Dredged / Excavated Sediment

· ETWB TCW No. 19/2005, Environmental Management on Construction Site

· DEVB TCW No. 06/2010, Trip-ticket System for Disposal of Construction and Demolition Material

· DEVB TCW No. 08/2010, Enhanced Specification for Site Cleanliness and Tidiness

· DEVB TCW No. 02/2011, Encouraging Use of Recycled and other Green Materials in Public Works Projects

· DEVB TCW No. 09/2011, Enhanced Control Measures for Management of Public Fill

· Project Administrative Handbook for Civil Engineering Works, Section 4.1.3 of Chapter 4, 2016 Edition

· CEDD TC No. 11/2019, Management of Construction and Demolition Materials

· ProPECC PN2/97, Handling of Asbestos Containing Materials in Buildings

· Code of Practice on the Packaging, Labelling and Storage of Chemical Wastes (1992)

· Code of Practice on the Handling, Transportation and Disposal of Asbestos Waste

11.3 Assessment Methodology

General

11.3.1 The assessment of waste management implications from handling, storage, collection, transportation and disposal of solid waste materials generated by the Project have been undertaken in accordance with Annexes 7 and 15 of the EIAO-TM.

11.3.2 The waste management hierarchy has been applied in the assessment and development of mitigation measures for waste. The waste management hierarchy is a concept which shows the desirability of various waste management methods and comprises the following in order of preference:

· avoidance;

· minimisation;

· recycling/reuse;

· treatment; and

· disposal.

11.3.3 All opportunities for reducing waste generation have been assessed based upon the following factors:

· avoiding or minimising waste generation throughout design, construction and operation phases;

· adopting better management practices to promote segregation materials;

· reuse and recycling on site or other projects; and

· diverting C&D materials to public fills as far as possible.

Analysis of Activities and Waste Generation

11.3.4 The quantity, quality and timing of the waste arising as a result of the construction and operation activities of the Project have been estimated, based on the sequence and duration of these activities. The design, general layout, construction methods and programme to minimise the generation of inert C&D materials have been considered.

11.3.5 The potential waste management implications associated with the handling, transportation and disposal of waste arising from the construction works have been assessed with reference to the following approach:

· estimation of the types, timing and quantities of waste to be generated and fill to be imported; and

· assessment of the potential environmental impact associated with the storage, collection, transfer and disposal of waste.

Proposal for Waste Management

11.3.6 Prior to considering the disposal options for various types of wastes, opportunities for reducing waste generated, on-site or off-site re-use and recycling have been evaluated. Measures which can be taken in the planning and design phases (e.g. by modifying the design approach) and in the construction phase for maximizing waste reduction have been separately considered.

11.3.7 After considering all the opportunities for reducing waste generation and maximizing re-use, the types and quantities of the remaining wastes required to be disposed of have been estimated and the disposal options for each type of wastes have been discussed. The disposal method recommended for each type of waste has taken into account of the assessment result.

11.3.8 The impacts caused by handling (including labelling, packaging and storage), collection, and reuse/disposal of wastes have been addressed and appropriate mitigation measures have been proposed.

11.4 Identification and Evaluation of Waste Management Implications – Construction Phase

11.4.1 The construction activities to be carried out for the Project would generate a variety of wastes that can be divided into distinct categories based on their composition and ultimate method of disposal.  The following waste types are anticipated to be generated:

· construction and demolition (C&D) materials;

· general refuse;

· chemical waste; and

· asbestos containing materials (ACM)

11.4.2 The watercourse within the Project Site will be demolished by filling method. Excavation of sediment from the watercourse is not proposed. The generation of sediment or mud is thus not expected.

11.4.3 The nature of each type of waste arising is described in the following sections, together with an evaluation of the potential environmental impacts associated with the handling and disposal of waste.

C&D Materials from Site Clearance

11.4.4 Site clearance waste will be generated mainly from the site clearance of existing vegetation and structures. This waste will mainly consist of inert C&D materials (e.g. soil, sand, clay, crushed concrete, asphalt, bitumen, brick, tile etc) and non-inert C&D materials (e.g. vegetation, timber, glass, steel, plastics etc). It is estimated that around 45,250 m³ of site clearance waste (inert portion of 4,525 m³ and non-inert portion of 40,725 m³) will be generated during site clearance.

11.4.5 The inert C&D materials will be reused on-site for site formation as far as possible. Opportunities to capture the recyclables (e.g. glass, plastics, metals etc) amongst the non-inert C&D materials will be maximised. Tree trunks with a diameter of >150mm is useful for the construction of country park facilities. The contractor should liaise with the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department (AFCD) for the acceptance of the wood. Other non-recyclable non-inert C&D materials would be disposed of at landfill.

11.4.6 With proper implementation of good construction site practice and mitigation measures, the on-site handling and reuse of site clearance waste would not cause adverse environmental impacts.

C&D Materials from Site Formation, Infrastructure Works and Building Construction

11.4.7 C&D materials, comprising both inert and non-inert portions, would be generated from excavation works during site formation and construction of infrastructure works. The design of site formation would generally follow the existing site profile as much as possible to minimise the generation of C&D materials. Excavated material for pipeworks will be reused for backfilling. The estimated amount of inert C&D materials generated during site formation and construction of infrastructure works would be approximately 549,650 m³, of which 316,450 m³ are expected to be reused on site and 233,200 m³ are expected to be disposed of at the public fill reception facility or other concurrent construction projects (to be identified in future) for beneficial reuse. The estimated amount of non-inert C&D materials is approximately 38,450 m³, which will be disposed of at landfill. Detailed breakdown of the various types of waste material from each phase of development is provided in Table 11.1.

Table 11.1 Summary of Estimated Quantities of C&D Materials Generated from Site Formation and Infrastructure Works

Phases	Inert C&D Material (m^3)	Non-inert C&D Material (m^3)	Reused on Site (m^3)	Disposed Offsite (m^3)		Tentative Disposal Period
				Inert	Non-inert
SHR Site Extension (Residential Site)	8,300	1,900	8,300	0	1,900	2025 Q2 – 2026 Q4
SHR SPS	200	500	200	0	500	2026 Q4 – 2028 Q2
Realigned Hong Po Road	800	1,900	800	0	1,900	2026 Q4 – 2028 Q1
Proposed Road L7	72,500	3,500	68,000	4,500	3,500	2026 Q2 – 2028 Q3
SHR Site – Residential Site	71,900	6,400	61,050	10,850	6,400	2025 Q4 – 2028 Q1
HPR Site	308,700	9,200	117,800	190,900	9,200	2026 Q4 – 2029 Q3
School Site at SHR Site	3,700	2,400	3,700	0	2,400	2026 Q4 – 2028 Q3
School Site at SHR Site Extension	12,900	4,800	12,900	0	4,800	2026 Q4 – 2029 Q3
Infrastructure Works	70,650	7,850	43,700	26,950	7,850	2027 Q1 – 2030 Q3
Total	549,650	38,450	316,450	233,200	38,450	-

11.4.8 C&D materials, including concrete, bricks, wood, steel, metal, glass, plastics, packing materials and general refuse, would also be generated from the construction of new buildings. The inert portion of the C&D materials is referred to public fill and the non-inert portion is referred to construction waste and would be disposed of at landfill.

11.4.9 C&D materials can be minimised through careful planning during the detailed design stage and with good site practice during construction. This includes the use of non-timber formwork and temporary works and on-site sorting of the C&D materials for reuse and recycling as far as practicable. The total estimated gross floor area (GFA) of the proposed development is approximately 989,202 m². In accordance with the “Reduction of Construction Waste Final Report, Hong Kong Polytechnic University (March 1993)”, a C&D materials generation rate of 0.1m³ per 1m² of GFA is adopted. It is estimated that approximately total 98,920 m³ of C&D materials would be generated from construction of the new buildings of the proposed development. It is expected that approximately 79,136 m³ would be inert material of which 63,309 m³ are expected to be reused on site and 15,827 m³ are expected to be disposed of at the public fill reception facility or other concurrent construction projects (to be identified in future) for beneficial reuse and 19,784 m³ would be non-inert material. The inert material is proposed to be reused on site as much as possible with the surplus to be disposed of at designated public fill reception facility while the non-inert material will be disposed offsite during the period between 2027 Q1 and 2033 Q3.

11.4.10 All inert C&D materials will need to be carefully stockpiled if it cannot be reused or removed directly to avoid dust and other nuisance impacts. The Contractor should separate non-inert C&D materials from inert C&D materials on-site. All segregated recyclable materials (e.g. metal) should be collected by reputable recyclers. The remaining non-inert C&D materials should be disposed of at designated landfill by dump trucks.

11.4.11 According to Section 4.1.3 of CEDD’s Project Administrative Handbook for Civil Engineering Works, a Construction and Demolition Material Management Plan (C&DMMP) should be prepared by the Project Proponent and vetted and endorsed by the departmental Vetting Committee.

General Refuse

11.4.12 Throughout the construction phase, the workforce would generate general refuse comprising food scraps, waste paper, empty containers, etc.  Release of general refuse into watercourses is not permitted as introduction of these wastes is likely to have detrimental effects on water quality in the area. Effective collection of site wastes would be required to prevent waste materials being blown around by wind, flushed or leached into the marine environment, and odour nuisance. The work sites may also attract pests and vermin if the waste storage area is not well maintained and cleaned regularly.

11.4.13 The number of workforce to be employed for the Project is anticipated not to be over 1,000 staff at one time. Based on the generation rate of 0.65 kg/head/day, the total refuse generated per day would be less than 650 kg.

11.4.14 Recyclable materials (i.e. paper, plastic bottles and aluminium cans) will be separated for recycling in order to reduce the amount of general refuse to be disposed of at landfill. Adequate number of enclosed waste containers will be provided to avoid over-spillage of waste. The non-recyclable refuse will be placed in bags and stored in enclosed containers and disposed of on a daily basis to landfill.

11.4.15 Provided that the mitigation measures are adopted, the potential environmental impacts caused by the storage, handling transport and disposal of general refuse are expected to be minimal. Mitigation measures to minimise potential environmental impacts are recommended in Section 11.6.

Chemical Waste

11.4.16 The maintenance and servicing of construction plant and equipment may generate chemical wastes such as cleaning fluids, solvents, lubrication oil and fuel. Maintenance of vehicles may also involve the use of a variety of chemicals, oil and lubricants. It is difficult to quantify the amount of chemical waste as it will be highly dependent on the Contractor’s on-site maintenance practice and the quantities of plant and vehicles utilized. Nevertheless, it is anticipated that the quantity of chemical waste, such as lubricating oil and solvent produced from plant maintenance will be small and in the order of few hundred litres per month. The amount of chemical waste generated will be quantified in the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to be prepared by the Contractor. For the disposal of chemical wastes, the Contractor would be required to register with the EPD as a Chemical Waste Producer and to follow the requirements stated in the Code of Practice on the Packaging, Labelling and Storage of Chemical Wastes. 

11.4.17 Chemical waste arising during the construction phase may pose environmental, health and safety hazards if not stored, collected and disposed of in an appropriate manner as stipulated in the Waste Disposal (Chemical Waste) (General) Regulations. The potential hazards include:

· Toxic effects to workers;

· Adverse impacts on water quality from spills; and

· Fire hazards.

11.4.18 Materials classified as chemical wastes will require special handling and storage arrangements before removal for appropriate treatment at the Chemical Waste Treatment Centre or licensed chemical waste treatment facilities. Wherever possible opportunities should be taken to reuse and recycle materials. Provided that the handling, storage, collection and disposal of chemical wastes are in accordance with these requirements, adverse environmental impacts are not expected.

Asbestos Containing Materials (ACM)

11.4.19 Asbestos was widely used in the construction industry prior to the early 1980’s for fireproofing, thermal and electrical insulation as well as in sound absorption materials. However, asbestos is currently recognized as hazardous materials, due to its etiological effects on human respiratory system. 

11.4.20 As the Project involves the demolition of buildings/structures that were built before 1980’s, ACM may be present in the buildings within the Site. Thus, ACM which may be disturbed during the demolition activities, should be removed and disposed of in a proper manner prior to the demolition work, so as to avoid the release of harmful asbestos fibres to the environment and minimise potential hazard.

11.4.21 All ACM if confirmed to be present within the existing premises must be removed and disposed of in accordance with the Air pollution Control Ordinance and the Waste Disposal Ordinance prior to the demolition work. A Registered Asbestos Consultant and Registered Asbestos Laboratory shall be engaged to conduct investigation for the presence of ACM. An Asbestos Investigation Report, an Asbestos Abatement Plan (AAP) (if required) and a notification of commencement of asbestos abatement works shall be submitted to EPD at least 28 days before the asbestos abatement works commences. Also, the removal of ACMs should be carried out by a Registered Asbestos Contractor according to the approved AAP under the supervision of a Registered Asbestos Consultant. The asbestos waste generated shall be collected and disposed in compliance with the Waste Disposal Ordinance.

Transportation Arrangement for Waste Disposal during Construction Phase

11.4.22 Land transport should be used to deliver and dispose of the waste generated from the Project Site to the designated disposal outlets. It is expected that a maximum of around 180 vehicle trips per day will be required to transport the generated waste offsite during the construction phase. The tentative transportation routings for the disposal of various types of wastes generated during the construction phase are summarized in Table 11.2. In addition, as in normal site formation work, the site formation work front will serve as the temporary stockpile area of the fill material. The temporary stockpiles will be removed in regular basis and there is no designated area for stockpiling throughout the construction period. The transportation routings may change subject to the actual traffic conditions of the roads. Nevertheless, with the implementation of appropriate mitigation measures (e.g. using water-tight containers and covered trucks), no adverse environmental impacts are expected due to the transportation of waste.

Table 11.2 Tentative Transportation Routings for Waste Disposal During Construction Phase

Type of Waste	Disposal Outlet	Tentative Transportation Routing
Non-inert C&D Materials, General Refuse and ACM	WENT Landfill	Via Road L7, Tuen Mun Road, Wong Chu Road, Lung Fu Road, Lung Mun Road, Lung Kwu Tan Road and Nim Wan Road
Surplus C&D Materials	Other concurrent project sites, if identified, or public fill reception facility in Tuen Mun Area 38	Via Road L7, Tuen Mun Road, Wong Chu Road, Lung Fu Road and Lung Mun Road,
Chemical Waste	CWTC	Via Road L7, Tuen Mun Road, Tsing Long Highway, Tsing Sha Highway and Tsing Yi Road

Waste Arisings Summary for Construction Phase

11.4.23 A summary of waste arisings during construction phase and the proposed disposal arrangement is summarised in Table 11.3.

Table 11.3 Summary of Waste Arisings during Construction Phase and Proposed Disposal Arrangement

Activities	Waste Type	Total Amount Generated	Total Amount Reused On-site	Total Amount Disposed Offsite	Disposal Outlet
Site Clearance	Inert C&D Material	4,525 m^3	4,525 m^3	-	Reuse within Project Site
	Non-inert C&D Material	40,725 m^3	-	40,725 m^3	Disposal to landfill
	ACM	TBC^(b)	-	TBC	Disposal to landfill
Site Formation and Infrastructure Works ^(a)	Inert C&D Material	549,650 m^3	316,450 m^3	233,200 m^3	Reuse within Project Site or other concurrent construction projects with surplus dispose of at public fill reception facility
	Non-inert C&D Material	38,450 m^3	-	38,450 m^3	Disposal to landfill
Construction of New Buildings	Inert C&D Material	79,136 m^3	63,309 m^3	15,827 m^3	Reuse within Project Site with surplus dispose of at public fill reception facility
	Non-inert C&D Material	19,784 m^3	-	19,784 m^3	Disposal to landfill
General Construction Activities	General Refuse	<650 kg/day	-	<650 kg/day	Recyclables to recyclers; Non-recyclables to landfill
	Chemical Waste	A few hundred litres per month	-	A few hundred litres per month	Disposal to CWTC or other chemical waste treatment facilities
Overall	Inert C&D Material	633,311 m^3	384,284 m^3	249,027 m^3	Reuse within Project Site or other concurrent construction projects
	Non-inert C&D Material	98,959 m^3	-	98,959 m^3	Disposal to landfill
	ACM	TBC^(b)	-	TBC^(b)	TBC^(b)
	General Refuse	<650 kg/day	-	<650 kg/day	Recyclables to recyclers; Non-recyclables to landfill
	Chemical Waste	A few hundred litres per month	-	A few hundred litres per month	Disposal to CWTC or other chemical waste treatment facilities
Notes: (a) C&D Material of site formation included the remediated soil. (b) As the majority of sites are managed by private owners and still in operation, further investigation is required by the asbestos specialist after land resumption when access to the sites becomes available.

11.5 Identification and Evaluation of Waste Management Implications – Operation Phase

11.5.1 The uses in the operation phase of the Project, including residential, educational and commercial establishments and sewage pumping station, would generate the following categories of waste:

· general refuse;

· chemical waste; and

· screenings.

General Refuse

11.5.2 General refuse refers to municipal solid waste (MSW) from households, commercial and industrial sources. With reference to the latest data from “Monitoring of Solid Waste in Hong Kong 2018” by EPD, the MSW disposal rate was 1.50 kg/person/day in Year 2018[1], and the recovery rate for recycling was 30% of the MSW generation. By calculation, the MSW generation rate, disposal rate and recycled rate were 2.14 kg/person/day, 1.50 kg/person/day and 0.64 kg/person/day in 2018 respectively. According to the “Hong Kong Blueprint for Sustainable Use of Resources 2013 – 2022” by EPD, a series of action agenda including waste reduction and pressure relief on landfills has been built upon enhanced social mobilization and implementation of policies and legislation. Necessary waste infrastructures to handle different types of waste will also be provided. The Blueprint has also set up ambitious waste reduction targets which aim to reduce Hong Kong’s MSW disposal rate on a per capita basis by 20%, from 1.27 kg per day to 1 kg or below by 2017, and then further down to 0.8 kg or below, representing a 40% from 2011. As such, estimating the quantities of MSW to be disposal of by future development based on the 2018 waste data could serve as a conservative approach and would be reduced upon the achievement of the waste reduction targets as the programme progresses.

11.5.3 The estimated MSW based on planned residential and employment populations is summarized in Table 11.4.

Table 11.4 Estimated Quantities of MSW During Operation Phase

Housing Sites ^(c)	Estimated MSW from Residential Population				Estimated MSW from Non-Residential Population^(b)
	Residential Population	Generated (tpd) ^(a)	Disposal (tpd)	Recycled (tpd)	Non-Residential Population	Generated (tpd)	Disposal (tpd)	Recycled (tpd)
SHR Site Extension (2030)	4,700	10.1	7.1	3.0	3,253	7.0	4.9	2.1
SHR Site (2031)	26,300	56.3	39.5	16.8	3,751	8.1	5.7	2.4
HPR Site (2033)	30,000	64.2	45.0	19.2	1,859	4.1	2.9	1.2
Total	61,000	130.6	91.6	39.0	8,863	19.2	13.5	5.7
Notes
(a) Based on MSW generation, disposal and recycling rate in 2018. tpd = tonne per day.
(b) Non-Residential Population include employment population, teaching staff and students.
(c) Information in brackets indicate population intake year.

11.5.4 General refuse would be temporarily stored in refuse collection room in each building and then transferred to a central collection point. Waste recycling facilities / containers are recommended to be included in the central collection point so that waste could be sorted to recover materials (such as paper and cardboards, plastics, metals and glass etc.) as far as possible, before being collected by refuse transfer vehicles. Different containers should be provided for the storage of different recyclable materials. To avoid potential odour nuisance to the residents during transport of waste, enclosed waste collection vehicles should be used and the collection route and time should be properly planned. At least daily collection should be arranged by the waste collectors.

11.5.5 With the implementation of a proper waste handling system, environmental impacts associated with waste storage, collection and transportation are not anticipated.

Chemical Waste

11.5.6 Paints, lubricants and used batteries may be generated during maintenance activities on the road networks and the sewage pumping station within the proposed development. Moreover, it is expected that chemical waste would also be produced from the laboratories of the planned schools during the operation phase. It is anticipated that the total quantity of chemical waste such as acids, alkalis and organic solvent produced by maintenance activities and school laboratories would be insignificant with a few cubic meters per month.

11.5.7 To minimise potential environmental hazard due to waste handling, localized chemical waste storage areas should be located close to the source of waste generation for temporary storage. Drum-type containers with proper labelling should be used to collect chemical wastes for storage at the designated areas.

11.5.8 Registration as chemical waste producers with EPD should be made by the chemical waste producers prior to operation. All chemical wastes generated should be dealt with according to the Code of Practice on the Packaging, Labelling and Storage of Chemical Wastes under the provisions of the Waste Disposal (Chemical Waste) (General) Regulation. Collection and disposal of chemical waste shall comply with the Waste Disposal Ordinance.

11.5.9 With the implementation of mitigation measures, potential environmental impacts (including potential hazard, air and odour emissions, noise, wastewater discharge and public transport) are not expected.

Screenings

11.5.10 The proposed sewage pumping station at San Hing Road site is designed with an installed capacity of 44,928 m³ per day (annual dry weather flow of 14,629 m³ per day) to handle the sewage arising from the Project and pump it to the downstream sewerage network. Sewage would pass through the mechanical screens for prevention of shutting down of pumping system due to pump damage by large objects. It is anticipated that screenings of approximately 0.5 m³ per day would be produced from the operation of the sewage pumping station.

11.5.11 The generated screenings would be properly stored in a covered container and disposed of at regular interval to the WENT landfill. The transportation and disposal of screenings would be managed and controlled by a reputable waste collector employed by the operator of the sewage pumping station to reduce any potential pest and odour impacts. Mitigation and control requirements for screenings are provided in Section 11.7. Provided that the handling, storage and disposal of screenings are carried out in accordance with the recommended mitigation measures, adverse environmental impacts (including potential hazards, air and odour emissions, noise and wastewater discharge) are not anticipated during the operation of the sewage pumping station.

Transportation Arrangement for Waste Disposal During Operation Phase

11.5.12 Land transport should be used to deliver and dispose of the waste generated from the proposed development to the designated disposal outlets. It is expected that a maximum of approximately 30 vehicle trips per day will be required to transport the generated waste during the operation phase. The tentative transportation routings for the disposal of various types of wastes generated during the operation phase are summarized in Table 11.5. The transportation routings may change subject to the actual traffic conditions of the roads. Nevertheless, with the implementation of appropriate mitigation measures (e.g. using water-tight containers and covered trucks), no adverse environmental impacts are expected due to the transportation of waste.

Table 11.5 Tentative Transportation Routings for Waste Disposal During Operation Phase

Type of Waste	Disposal Outlet	Tentative Transportation Routing
General Refuse and Screenings	WENT Landfill	Via Road L7, Tuen Mun Road, Wong Chu Road, Lung Fu Road, Lung Mun Road, Lung Kwu Tan Road and Nim Wan Road
Chemical Waste	CWTC	Via Road L7, Tuen Mun Road, Tsing Long Highway, Tsing Sha Highway and Tsing Yi Road

Waste Arisings Summary for Operation Phase

11.5.13 A summary of waste arisings during operation phase and the proposed disposal arrangement is summarised in Table 11.6.

Table 11.6 Summary of Waste Arisings During Operation Phase and Proposed Disposal Arrangement

Waste Type	Total Amount Generated	Total Amount Recycled	Total Amount Disposed	Disposal Outlet
General Refuse	149.8 tpd	44.7 tpd	105.1 tpd	Recyclables to recyclers; Non-recyclables to WENT Landfill
Chemical Waste	A few cubic meters per month	-	A few cubic meters per month	Disposal of at CWTC or other licensed chemical waste treatment facilities
Screenings	0.5 m^3 per day	-	3.5 m^3 per week	WENT Landfill

11.6 Mitigation Measures for Construction Phase

11.6.1 The mitigation measures for construction phase are recommended based on the waste management hierarchy principles. Recommendations of good site practices, waste reduction measures as well as the waste transportation, storage and collection are described in following sub-sections.

Good Site Practices

11.6.2 Appropriate waste handling, transportation and disposal methods for all waste arisings generated during the construction phase should be implemented to ensure that construction waste do not enter the nearby water sensitive receivers.

11.6.3 It is expected that adverse impacts from waste management would not arise, provided that good site practices are strictly followed.  Recommendations for good site practices during construction include:

· nomination of approved personnel, such as a site manager, to be responsible for good site practices, and making arrangements for collection of all wastes generated at the site and effective disposal to appropriate facilities;

· training of site personnel in proper waste management and chemical waste handling procedures;

· provision of sufficient waste disposal points and regular collection for disposal;

· appropriate measures to minimise windblown litter and dust during transportation of waste by either covering trucks or by transporting wastes in enclosed containers;

· regular cleaning and maintenance programme for drainage systems, sumps and oil interceptors;

· an EMP should be prepared by the Contractor with reference to the requirements in ETWB TCW No. 19/2005 and should be submitted to the Engineer for approval before construction;

· a Waste Management Plan (WMP), as part of EMP, should be submitted to the Engineer/ Architect for approval prior to the commencement of construction works; and

· a recording system for the amount of wastes generated, recycled and disposed (including the disposal sites) should be updated on monthly basis and submitted to the Engineer for approval and record.

11.6.4 In order to monitor the disposal of C&D material at landfills and public fill reception facilities, as appropriate, and to control fly tipping, a trip-ticket system should be included as one of the contractual requirements to be implemented by the Contractor.  Reference shall be made to DEVB TCW No. 6/2010 for details.

Waste Reduction Measures

11.6.5 Good management and control can prevent the generation of significant amounts of waste.  Waste reduction is best achieved at the planning and design stage, as well as by ensuring the implementation of good site practices.  Recommendations to achieve waste reduction include: 

· segregation and storage of different types of waste in different containers, skips or stockpiles to enhance reuse or recycling of materials and their proper disposal;

· separate labelled bins shall be provided to segregate aluminium cans from other general refuse generated by the work force, and to encourage collection of by individual collectors;

· any unused chemicals or those with remaining functional capacity shall be recycled;

· maximising the use of reusable steel formwork to reduce the amount of C&D material;

· prior to disposal of non-inert C&D material, it is recommended that wood, steel and other metals shall be separated for re-use and / or recycling to minimise the quantity of waste to be disposed of to landfill;

· proper storage and site practices to minimise the potential for damage or contamination of construction materials;

· plan and stock construction materials carefully to minimise amount of waste generated and avoid unnecessary generation of waste; and

· minimize over ordering of concrete, mortars and cement grout by doing careful check before ordering.

11.6.6 In addition to the above good site practices and waste reduction measures, specific mitigation measures are recommended for the identified waste to minimise environmental impacts during handling, transportation and disposal of these wastes.

General Refuse

11.6.7 General refuse should be stored in enclosed bins or compaction units separate from C&D material. A reputable waste collector should be employed by the contractor to remove general refuse from the site, separately from C&D material, on a daily basis.  An enclosed and covered area is preferred to reduce the occurrence of 'wind blown' light material.

Construction and Demolition Material

11.6.8 The C&D material generated from site formation should be sorted on-site into inert C&D material (that is, public fill) and non-inert C&D material. In order to minimise the impact resulting from collection and transportation of C&D materials for off-site disposal, the excavated material comprising fill material should be reused on-site as backfilling material as far as practicable. Non-inert C&D material, such as wood, plastic, steel and other metals should be reused or recycled and, as a last resort, disposed of to landfill.

11.6.9 Suitable areas should be designated within the site for temporary stockpiling of C&D material and to facilitate the sorting process.  Within stockpile areas, the following measures should be taken to control potential environmental impacts or nuisance:

· covering material during heavy rainfall;

· locating stockpiles to minimise potential air quality, water quality and visual impacts; and

· minimising land intake of stockpile areas as far as possible.

11.6.10 When disposing C&D material at a public fill reception facility, it shall be noted that the material should only consist of soil, rock, concrete, brick, cement plaster/mortar, inert building debris, aggregates and asphalt. The material should be free from household refuse, plastic, metals, industrial and chemical waste, animal and vegetable matter, and other material considered to be unsuitable by the Filling Supervisor.

11.6.11 Project office in the planning and design of project should actively seek to minimise generation of C&D materials and to reuse inert materials generated, including rock, as far as possible. To achieve this, the project office is required to draw up a C&DMMP at the feasibility study or preliminary design stage for this Project, which would generate more than 50,000 m³ of C&D materials including rock or which requires imported fill in excess of 50,000 m³. Requirements associated with the preparation, submission and implementation of C&DMMP introduced in Chapter 4 of the Project Administration Handbook for Civil Engineering Works should be implemented.

11.6.12 For projects classified as “designated” projects under Schedule 2 of the EIAO, the C&DMMP where required should be submitted together with the EIA report to PFC for approval. SHR SPS is a Scheduled 2 designated project. However, the construction of SHR SPS will not generate more than 50,000 m³ of C&D materials or require imported fill in excess of 50,000 m³. A separate C&DMMP for this designated project is not required.

Chemical Wastes

11.6.13 For those processes which would generate chemical waste, it may be possible to find alternatives to eliminate the use of chemicals, to reduce the generation quantities or to select a chemical type of less impact on environment, health and safety as far as possible.

11.6.14 If chemical wastes are produced at the construction site, the Contractor should register with EPD as a Chemical Waste Producer and to follow the guidelines stated in the Code of Practice on the Packaging, Labelling and Storage of Chemical Wastes. Good quality containers compatible with the chemical wastes should be used. Appropriate labels should be securely attached on each chemical waste container indicating the corresponding chemical characteristics of the chemical waste, such as explosives, flammable, oxidising, irritant, toxic, harmful, corrosive, etc. The Contractor shall use a licensed collector to transport and dispose of the chemical wastes generated at the Chemical Waste Treatment Centre at Tsing Yi, or other licenced facility, in accordance with the Waste Disposal (Chemical Waste) (General) Regulation.

Asbestos Containing Materials

11.6.15 Due to the potential presence of ACM during the site clearance stage, asbestos investigation is required. An asbestos specialist shall be employed during the design and construction stage to investigate this issue.

11.6.16 Sufficient and reasonable lead time shall be allowed for the preparation, vetting and implementation of asbestos investigation report and asbestos abatement plan in accordance with Air Pollution Control Ordinance, Cap. 311, before commencement of any demolition or site clearance work.

11.6.17 Some key precautionary measures related to the handling and disposal of asbestos based on Handling of Asbestos Containing Materials in Buildings (ProPECC PN 2/97) are listed as following:

· Adoption of protection, such as full containment, mini containment, or segregation of work area;

· Provision of decontamination facilities for cleaning of workings, equipment and bagged waste before leaving the work area;

· Adoption of engineering control techniques to prevent fibre release from work area, such as use of negative pressure equipment with high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters to control air flow between the work area and the outside environment;

· Wetting of asbestos containing materials before and during disturbance, minimising the breakage and dropping of asbestos containing materials, and packing of debris and waste immediately after it is produced;

· Cleaning of work area by wet wiping and vacuuming with HEPA filtered vacuum cleaner;

· Coating on any surfaces previously in contact with or contained by asbestos with a sealant;

· Proper bagging, safe storage and disposal of asbestos and asbestos contaminated waste;

· Pre-treatment of all effluent from the work area before discharged; and

· Air monitoring strategy to check the leakage and clearance of the work area during and after the asbestos work.

11.7 Mitigation Measures for Operation Phase

11.7.1 The following measures should be implemented for the development within the Project Site to minimise the amount of waste to be disposed of at landfill and to maximise the recovery of material from the waste stream.

General Refuse

11.7.2 Recycling bins shall be placed in prominent locations to maximise the capture of recyclables from general refuse.

11.7.3 General refuse from residential, commercial and institutional uses should be collected with lidded bins and delivered to central collection point(s) and stored in enclosed containers to prevent windblown, vermin, water pollution and visual impact. At least daily collection should be arranged by the waste collector.

Chemical Waste

11.7.4 Paints, lubricants and used batteries may be generated during maintenance activities on the road networks within the Project Site. Furthermore, chemical wastes generated from the laboratories during operation would mainly include acid, alkali and solvent. To prevent health hazards to operators, all such chemical wastes should be collected and handled carefully.

11.7.5 To minimise potential environmental hazard due to waste handling, localized chemical waste storage areas should be located close to the source of waste generation for temporary storage. Drum-type containers with proper labelling should be used to collect chemical wastes for storage at the designated areas.

11.7.6 The producers should register with EPD as chemical waste producers. Chemical wastes should be stored in appropriate containers and collected by a licensed chemical waste collector. All chemical wastes generated should be dealt with according to the Code of Practice on the Packaging, Labelling and Storage of Chemical Wastes under the provisions of the Waste Disposal (Chemical Waste) (General) Regulation.

11.7.7 It is recommended that the chemical wastes are disposed at licensed chemical waste treatment facilities, such as the CWTC in Tsing Yi. A licensed collector should be employed for the chemical waste collection.

Screenings

11.7.8 The screenings collected by the screens of the proposed sewage pumping station will be stored in enclosed containers and transported to WENT Landfill for disposal at regular interval. The waste packing should be conducted inside the pumping station building.

11.8 Residual Impact

11.8.1 With the implementation of recommended mitigation measures for the handling, transportation and disposal of the identified waste, adverse residual waste management implications are not anticipated for both the construction and operation phases.

11.9 Conclusion

11.9.1 The potential waste management implications from the generation of waste during the construction phase have been evaluated. Measures, including the opportunity for on-site sorting, reusing C&D materials etc, have been explored to minimize the surplus materials to be disposed off-site. Recommendations have been made for implementation by the Contractor during the construction period to minimize waste generation and off-site disposal.

11.9.2 The types of waste that would be generated during the operation phase have been identified. Recommendations have been made to ensure proper treatment and disposal of these waste.

11.9.3 With the implementation of recommended mitigation measures, the storage, handling, transportation and disposal of waste during construction and operation of the Project is not anticipated to cause adverse environmental impact.

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[1] This figure has excluded the disposal quantity of September to November 2018 as the disposal quantity of these three months was more affected by Typhoon Mangkhur.