8............. ecology (Terrestrial)
8.2.......... Environmental Legislation, Standards and Criteria
8.3.......... Assessment Methodology
8.4.......... Evaluation of Conservation Importance/ Value and Impact Significance
8.5.......... Description of the Environment
8.7.......... Ecological Value
8.8.......... Impact Identification and Evaluation
8.9.......... Evaluation of Ecological Impacts
8.10........ Cumulative Impacts
8.11........ Mitigation of Adverse Ecological Impacts
8.12........ Evaluation of Residual Ecological Impacts
8.13........ Environmental Monitoring and Audit
List of Tables
Table
8.1 Baseline Information of Ecological
Resources in the Assessment Area
Table 8.2 Ecological Survey Programme
Table 8.3 Plant Species of Conservation Importance
Previously Recorded within the Assessment Area
Table 8.4 Avifauna Species of Conservation Importance
Previously Recorded within the Assessment Area
Table 8.5 Odonata Species of Conservation Importance
Previously Recorded within the Assessment Area
Table 8.6 Mammal Species of Conservation Importance
Previously Recorded within the Assessment Area
Table 8.8 Habitats Recorded within the Assessment
Area
Table 8.9 Plant Species of Conservation Importance
Recorded within the Assessment Area
Table 8.10 Avifauna Species of Conservation Importance
Recorded within the Assessment Area
Table 8.11 Number and Species of Ardeids Night Roost
along Shing Mun River Channel (Zones A to C)
Table 8.12 Flight Heights and Directions of Ardeids
Recorded Flying Over the Project Boundary
Table 8.13 Butterfly Species of Conservation
Importance Recorded within the Assessment Area
Table 8.14 Odonate Species of Conservation Importance
Recorded within the Assessment Area
Table 8.15 Herpetofauna Species of Conservation
Importance Recorded within the Assessment Area
Table 8.16 Mammal Species of Conservation Importance
Recorded within the Assessment Area
Table 8.17 Freshwater Species of Conservation
Importance Recorded within the Assessment Area
Table 8.18 Ecological Evaluation of Woodland and Mixed
Woodland within the Assessment Area
Table 8.19 Ecological Evaluation of Plantation and
Shrubland within the Assessment Area
Table 8.22 Ecological Evaluation of Developed Area and
Pond within the Assessment Area
Table 8.23 Ecological Evaluation of Natural and
Modified Watercourse within the Assessment Area
Table 8.26 Potential Ecological Impacts to Woodland
and Mixed Woodland Habitats
Table 8.27 Potential Ecological Impacts to Plantation
and Shrubland Habitats
Table 8.28 Potential Ecological Impacts to Grassland
and Active Agricultural Land Habitats
Table 8.29 Potential Ecological Impacts to Abandoned
Agricultural Land and Village /Orchard
Table 8.30 Potential Ecological Impacts to Developed
Area and Pond Habitats
Table 8.31 Potential Ecological Impacts to Natural
Watercourse and Modified Watercourse Habitat
Table 8.32 Proposed Restricted Hours for Construction
Works
List of Figures
Assessment
Area for Terrestrial Ecology and Location of Sites of Conservation Importance
(Sheet 1 of 2) |
|
Assessment
Area for Terrestrial Ecology and Location of Sites of Conservation Importance
(Sheet 2 of 2) |
|
Habitat
Map and Locations of Species of Conservation Importance (Key Plan) |
|
Habitat
Map and Locations of Species of Conservation Importance (Sheet 1 of 4) |
|
Habitat
Map and Locations of Species of Conservation Importance (Sheet 2 of 4) |
|
Habitat
Map and Locations of Species of Conservation Importance (Sheet 3 of 4) |
|
Habitat
Map and Locations of Species of Conservation Importance (Sheet 4 of 4) |
|
Location
of Ardeid Night Roost and Representative Flight Route |
|
Flight
Path of Roosting Ardeids Across the Project Boundary |
|
Flight
Path of Other Ardeids Across the Project Boundary |
|
Permanently
and Temporarily Affected Area (Sheet 1 of 4) |
|
Permanently
and Temporarily Affected Area (Sheet 2 of 4) |
|
Permanently
and Temporarily Affected Area (Sheet 3 of 4) |
|
Permanently
and Temporarily Affected Area (Sheet 4 of 4) |
List of Appendices
Representative
Photographs of Habitat Types Recorded within the Assessment Area |
|
Flora
Species Recorded within the Assessment Area |
|
Representative
Photographs of Species of Conservation Importance Recorded |
|
Fauna
Species Recorded within the Assessment Area |
|
Usage
of Wetland Habitats within Assessment Area by Avifauna Species of
Conservation Importance |
|
Species
of Conservation Importance Recorded within the Assessment Area during Recent
Surveys and Previous Study |
·
Environmental Impact
Assessment Ordinance (Cap. 499), and its subsidiary
legislation, which provides guidelines on the environmental impact assessment
process;
·
Technical Memorandum on
Environmental Impact Assessment Process (EIAO-TM) Annex 8, which recommends the criteria to be used for evaluating
habitat and ecological impact;
·
EIAO-TM
Annex 16,
which sets out the general approach and methodology for assessment of
ecological impacts arising from a project or proposal, to allow a complete and
objective identification, prediction and evaluation of the potential ecological
impacts;
·
EIAO Guidance Note No.
3/2010 Flexibility and Enforceability of Mitigation Measures Proposed in an
Environmental Impact Assessment Report, which provides guiding principles on
the approach to assess the recommended environmental mitigation measures in EIA
reports;
·
EIAO Guidance Note No.
7/2010 Ecological Baseline Survey for Ecological Assessment, which provides general
guidelines for conducting ecological baseline surveys in order to fulfil
requirements stipulated in the EIAO-TM.
·
EIAO Guidance Note No.
10/2010 Methodologies for Terrestrial and Freshwater Ecological Baseline
Surveys,
which introduces some methodologies in conducting terrestrial and freshwater
ecological baseline surveys in order to fulfil requirements stipulated in the EIAO-TM;
·
Country Parks Ordinance (Cap. 208), which provides for the designation and management of
country parks and special areas. Country Parks are designated for the purpose
of nature conservation, countryside recreation and outdoor education. Special
areas are created mainly for the purpose of nature conservation.
·
Forests and Countryside
Ordinance (Cap. 96), which prohibits felling,
cutting, burning or destroying of trees and growing plants in forests and
plantations on Government land. Related subsidiary regulations prohibit the
selling or possession of listed, restricted and protected plant species.
·
Wild Animals Protection
Ordinance (Cap. 170),
under which the designated wild animals are protected from being hunted, whilst
their nests and eggs are protected from injury, destruction and removal. All
birds and most mammals, including marine cetaceans, are protected under this
Ordinance.
·
Protection of Endangered
Species of Animals and Plants Ordinance (Cap. 586), which
gives effect to the Convention on
International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)
in Hong Kong. It restricts the import
and export of species listed in CITES
Appendices so as to protect wildlife from overexploitation or extinction. The
Ordinance is primarily related to controlling trade in threatened and
endangered species and restricting the local possession of them.
·
Town Planning Ordinance
(Cap. 131),
which provides for the designation of Coastal Protection Areas, Sites of
Special Scientific Interest, Conservation Area, Country Park, Green Belt or
other specified uses that promote conservation or protection of the
environment.
·
Chapter
10 of the Hong Kong Planning Standard and
Guidelines (HKPSG), which covers
planning considerations relevant to conservation. This chapter details the
principles of conservation, the conservation of natural landscape and habitats,
historic buildings, archaeological sites and other antiquities. It also
describes enforcement issues. The appendices list the legislation and
administrative controls for conservation, other conservation related measures
in Hong Kong and Government departments involved in conservation.
·
Water Pollution Control Ordinance (Cap. 358) aims to control water pollution in waters of Hong
Kong. WCZs are designated with
individual water quality objective to promote the conservation and best use of
those waters in the public interest
·
Development Bureau (DEVB) TC(W) No. 4/2020 Tree
Preservation sets out the policy
on tree preservation, and the procedures for control of tree felling,
transplanting and pruning in Government projects.
·
Drainage Services Department Practice Note No. 1/2015
Guidelines on Environmental and Ecological Considerations for River Channel
Design presents the environmental
considerations that should be taken into account and incorporated whenever
practicable in design of river channels.
·
Environment, Transport and Works Bureau (ETWB) Technical Circular (Works) No. 5/2005 Protection of Natural
Streams/rivers from Adverse Impacts Arising from Construction Works provide guidelines for the planning and execution of
construction works and for the vetting of public and private development
proposals that affect natural rivers and streams, i.e. including those not
classified as environmentally sensitive.
·
The
International Union for Conservation of
Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, which provides taxonomic,
conservation status and distribution information on taxa that have been
evaluated using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. This system is designed to determine the
relative risk of extinction, and the main purpose of the IUCN Red List is to catalogue and highlight those taxa that are
facing a higher risk of global extinction.
The IUCN Red List also
includes information on taxa that are either close to meeting the threatened
thresholds or that would be threatened were it not for an ongoing
taxon-specific conservation programme.
·
The List of Wild Plants and Wild Animals Under Special
State Protection lists detailed Class
I and Class II key protected animals and plant species under Legislation of
Mainland China. The list was last
updated in February 2003.
·
The
Convention on Biological Diversity
(the CBD), which opened for signature
at the Rio Earth Summit in 1992 with three main objectives: to conserve
biodiversity, to ensure sustainable use of the components of biodiversity, and
to share the benefits arising from the use of genetic resources in a fair and
equitable manner. There are currently
over 190 Parties to the Convention, including China. In May 2011, the CBD was
formally extended to Hong Kong. The Environment Bureau and the Agriculture,
Fisheries and Conservation Department have embarked on an exercise to develop a
city-level Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (BSAP) under the CBD.
Table 8.1 Baseline Information of Ecological Resources in the Assessment Area
Relevant
Literature |
Terrestrial Ecology |
||||||
Habitat and Vegetation |
Avifauna |
Butterfly |
Odonate |
Herpetofauna |
Mammal |
Freshwater Communities |
|
(1)
Trunk Road T4 in Sha Tin
EIA Report (CEDD, 2004) |
ό |
ό |
|
ό |
|
ό |
ό |
(2)
Data extracted from 2002 2019
Territory-wide long-term monitoring survey on major taxon groups (AFCD,
2019a (unpublished data)) |
|
ό |
ό |
|
ό |
ό |
ό |
(3) Hong Kong Biodiversity Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department Newsletter (AFCD, 2006) |
|
|
|
|
ό |
ό |
|
(4)
Hong Kong Biodiversity Database (AFCD,
2019b) |
|
|
|
ό |
ό |
ό |
|
Table 8.2 Ecological Survey Programme
Survey |
Wet Season |
Dry Season |
||||
Aug 2019 |
Sep 2019 |
Oct 2019* |
Nov 2019 |
Dec 2019 |
Jan 2020 |
|
Habitat and Vegetation |
✓ |
|
|
✓ |
|
|
Avifauna (Day) |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
Avifauna (Night) |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
Flight Line and Flight Height |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
Ardeid Night Roost and Pre-Roost |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
Butterfly and Odonate |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
|
Herpetofauna (Day) |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
|
Herpetofauna (Night) |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
|
Mammal (Day) |
✓ |
✓ |
|
|
✓ |
|
Mammal (Night) |
✓ |
✓ |
|
|
✓ |
|
Freshwater Communities |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
|
Note:
The ticks (✓) denote the timing of the surveys for the faunal or floral
groups assessed under the Project.
* Transitional month
Habitat Mapping and Vegetation Survey
Avifauna Survey
Flight Line and Flight Height Survey
Ardeid Night Roost and Pre-Roost Survey
Butterfly and Odonate Survey
Herpetofauna Survey
Mammal Survey
Freshwater Communities Survey
·
Protection status (local Hong Kong; China; or international), making
special reference to legally protected species and/or those under international
conventions for conservation;
·
Geographical distribution, with higher conservation value afforded to
species with more restricted geographical ranges (locally or regionally). More weight shall be given to species which
are endemic to Hong Kong or South China; and
·
Rarity, with higher conservation value afforded to species which are
internationally rare than to species which are only regionally or locally
rare.
·
Habitat Quality
particular emphasis was given to the evaluation of habitats;
·
Species
particular emphasis was given to the evaluation of species importance;
·
Size/abundance
impacts of greater significance generally result where a larger habitat area
or greater species numbers are affected;
·
Duration
short-term and long-term impacts;
·
Reversibility
consideration of temporary reversible and permanent irreversible impacts; and
·
Magnitude
consideration of the magnitude and scale of the Project element.
Lion Rock Country Park
Habitat and Vegetation
Table 8.3 Plant Species of Conservation Importance Previously Recorded within the Assessment Area
Common
Name (Scientific Name) |
Distribution in Hong Kong (1) |
Protection Status |
Habitats Recorded |
(Diospyros vaccinioides) |
Very common |
Critically Endangered (2); Endangered (3) |
Shrubland |
Butulang Canthium (Canthium dicoccum) |
Common |
Vulnerable (2) |
Plantation |
Ailanthus (Ailanthus fordii) |
Rare; also widely cultivated as roadside
trees and ornamental trees (3) |
Cap. 96 (2) |
Plantation |
Notes:
(1) Wu and Lee (2000); Xing and Chau. (2000);
Siu (2000).
(2) IUCN (2020).
(3) Qin et al. (2017).
Fauna
Avifauna
Table 8.4 Avifauna Species of Conservation Importance Previously Recorded within the Assessment Area
Common
Name (Scientific Name) |
Distribution in Hong Kong (1) |
Principal Status (2) |
Protection Status |
Habitat |
Blyth's
Reed Warbler (Acrocephalus
dumetorum) |
Rare |
- |
Cap. 170 (3) |
Not specified |
Notes:
(1)
AFCD (2019b).
(2)
Carey et al. (2001).
(3)
All wild birds are protected under
Wild Animals Protection Ordinance (Cap. 170).
Butterfly and Odonate
Table 8.5 Odonata Species of Conservation Importance Previously Recorded within the Assessment Area
Common
Name (Scientific Name) |
Distribution and Conservation Status in Hong Kong (1) |
Protection Status |
Habitat |
Small Dragonhunter (Sieboldius
alexanderi) |
Uncommon |
GC (2) |
Not specified |
Emerald Cascader (Nymph) (Zygonyx iris insignis) |
Abundant |
PGC (2) |
Not specified |
Note:
(1)
AFCD (2019b).
(2)
Fellowes et
al. (2002): GC=Global Concern; PGC=Potential Global Concern.
Herpetofauna
Mammal
Table 8.6 Mammal Species of Conservation Importance Previously Recorded within the Assessment Area
Common
Name (Scientific Name) |
Distribution and Conservation Status in
Hong Kong (1) |
Protection Status |
Habitat |
Short-nosed Fruit Bat (Cynopterus
brachyotis) |
Abundant |
Near Threatened (2); Cap.170 (3) |
Not specified |
Note:
(1)
AFCD (2019b).
(2)
Jiang et al.
(2016).
(3)
Protected under Wild Animals Protection Ordinance
(Cap. 170).
Freshwater Community
Table 8.7 Freshwater Species of Conservation Importance Previously Recorded within the Assessment Area
Common
Name (Scientific Name) |
Distribution and Conservation Status in
Hong Kong (1) |
Protection Status |
Habitat |
Freshwater Fish |
|
||
Predaceous Chub (Parazacco spilurus) |
Common |
Vulnerable (2) |
Natural Watercourse |
Insect |
|
||
Emerald Cascader (nymphs) (Zygonyx iris insignis) |
Abundant |
PGC (3) |
Natural Watercourse |
Note:
(1)
AFCD (2019b).
(2)
Yue and Chen (1998).
(3)
Fellowes et al. (2002): PGC=Potential Global
Concern
Table 8.8 Habitats Recorded within the Assessment Area
Within Project Boundary |
Within 500 m Assessment Area |
|||
Total Habitat Area (ha) |
Percentage of Area |
Total Habitat Area (ha) |
Percentage of Area |
|
Woodland
|
1.38 |
4.42% |
90.55 |
19.40% |
Mixed
Woodland |
4.60 |
14.72% |
33.22 |
7.12% |
Plantation |
3.38 |
10.83% |
39.28 |
8.42% |
Shrubland |
- |
- |
9.25 |
1.98% |
Grassland |
- |
- |
0.36 |
0.08% |
Active
Agricultural Land |
0.18 |
0.56% |
0.59 |
0.13% |
Abandoned
Agricultural Land |
0.37 |
1.18% |
0.48 |
0.10% |
Village/Orchard |
- |
- |
9.92 |
2.13% |
Developed
Area |
20.57 |
65.89% |
264.94 |
56.75% |
Pond |
- |
- |
0.03 |
0.01% |
Natural
Watercourse |
- |
- |
2.06 (~3.28 km) |
0.44% |
Modified
Watercourse |
0.75 (~0.23 km) |
2.40% |
16.06 (~4.10 km) |
3.44% |
Total |
31.23 |
100.00% |
466.74 |
100.00% |
Woodland
Mixed Woodland
Plantation
Shrubland
Grassland
Active Agricultural
Land
Abandoned Agricultural Land
Village/Orchard
Developed Area
Pond
Natural Watercourse
S1
and S2
S3
and S4
Other
Natural Watercourses
Modified Watercourse
Table 8.9 Plant Species of Conservation Importance Recorded within the Assessment Area
Common Name (Scientific
Name) |
Distribution in Hong Kong (1) |
Protection Status |
Habitats Recorded |
Hong Kong Pavetta (Pavetta hongkongensis) |
Common |
Cap. 96 (2) |
Woodland; Mixed
woodland* |
Incense
Tree (Aquilaria sinensis) |
Common |
Cap. 586 (3); Status in China:
Near Threatened (4); Category ll (5); Vulnerable (6);
Near Threatened (7); Recorded in Illustration of Rare and
Endangered Plants in Guangdong Province (8); Vulnerable (9) |
Woodland;
Mixed Woodland*; Plantation; Developed Area |
Hong
Kong Eagle's Claw (Artabotrys hongkongensis) |
Restricted |
- |
Woodland* |
Butulang Canthium (Canthium
dicoccum) |
Common |
Vulnerable
(9) |
Woodland*;
Mixed woodland*; Plantation*; Developed area* |
Lamb of Tartary (Cibotium
barometz) |
Very Common |
Cap. 586 (3);
Status in China: Vulnerable (4); Category ll (5) |
Woodland;
Developed area |
Small Persimmon (Diospyros
vaccinioides) |
Very Common |
Critically Endangered (9);
Endangered (10) |
Woodland*; Mixed woodland*; Developed area* |
Luofushan Joint-fir (Gnetum
luofuense) |
Very Common |
Near Threatened (9) |
Woodland*;
Mixed woodland*; Plantation; Natural watercourse |
Ixonanthes (Ixonanthes
reticulata) |
Common |
Vulnerable (6); Vulnerable
(9) |
Woodland*; Developed area* |
Hairy-fruited Ormosia (Ormosia
pachycarpa) |
Restricted |
Status in China: Endangered (4);
Vulnerable (10) |
Woodland*; Developed area* |
Ailanthus (Ailanthus fordii) |
Rare; also widely
cultivated as roadside trees and ornamental trees |
Cap. 96 (2) |
Plantation* |
Rhododendron spp. |
Can be
found in forest and/or shrubland |
Cap. 96 (2) |
Mixed
woodland* |
Notes:
(1) Wu
and Lee (2000). Xing and Chau (2000).
(2) Listed
under Forests and Countryside Ordinance (Cap. 96).
(3) Listed
under Protection of Endangered Species of Animals and Plants Ordinance
(Cap.586).
(4) Hong
Kong Herbarium (2020).
(5) List
of Wild Plants Under Special State Protection.
(6) Fu
& Chin (1992).
(7) Feng
et al. (2002).
(8) Wu
& Hu (1988).
(9) IUCN
(2020).
(10) Qin
et al. (2017).
* Individual(s)
was(were) recorded within Project boundary.
Avifauna
Table 8.10 Avifauna Species of Conservation Importance Recorded within the Assessment Area
Common Name (Scientific
Name) |
Distribution
in Hong Kong (1) |
Protection
Status (2) |
Habitat
Recorded |
Little Grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis) |
Common |
LC (3) |
Modified
watercourse |
Black-crowned Night Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) |
Common |
(LC) (3) |
Developed area;
Modified watercourse |
Striated Heron |
Uncommon in
summer, Scarce in winter |
(LC) (3) |
Natural
watercourse |
Chinese Pond Heron (Ardeola bacchus) |
Common |
PRC (RC) (3) |
Modified
watercourse |
Grey Heron (Ardea cinerea) |
Common |
PRC (3) |
Developed area;
Modified watercourse |
Great Egret (Ardea alba) |
Common |
PRC (RC) (3) |
Developed area;
Modified watercourse |
Little Egret (Egretta garzetta) |
Common |
PRC (RC) (3) |
Developed area; Village/orchard;
Modified watercourse |
Black Kite (Milvus migrans) |
Common |
(RC) (3);
Cap. 586 (4); Class II (5); |
In flight |
Common Emerald Dove (Chalcophaps indica) |
Scarce |
Vulnerable (6) |
In flight |
Collared Scops Owl (Otus lettia) |
Common |
Cap. 586 (4);
Class II (5) |
Woodland*;
Plantation |
Black-capped Kingfisher (Halcyon pileata) |
Common |
(LC) (3) |
Developed area |
Collared Crow (Corvus torquatus) |
Uncommon |
LC (3);
Vulnerable (7); Near Threatened (8) |
In flight |
Pygmy Wren-babbler (Pnoepyga pusilla) |
Rare |
LC (3) |
Woodland |
Chinese Hwamei (Garrulax canorus) |
Common |
Cap. 586 (4);
Near Threatened (8) |
Mixed woodland |
Notes:
(1)
AFCD (2019b).
(2)
All wild birds are protected under Wild
Animals Protection Ordinance (Cap. 170).
(3)
Fellowes et
al. (2002): LC=Local Concern; RC=Regional Concern; PRC=Potential Regional
Concern. Letters in parentheses indicate that the assessment is on the basis of
restrictedness in nesting and/or roosting sites rather than in general
occurrence.
(4)
Protected under Protection of Endangered
Species of Animals and Plants Ordinance (Cap.586).
(5)
List of Wild Animals Under Special State Protection.
(6)
Zheng and Wang (1998).
(7)
IUCN (2020).
(8)
Jiang et
al. (2016).
* Individual(s) was(were) recorded within
Project boundary.
Ardeid Night Roost and Pre-Roost
Table 8.11 Number and Species of Ardeids Night Roost along Shing Mun River Channel (Zones A to C)
Month |
Number of Ardeids
Recorded (1)(2) |
|
Tree Species that Night Roost Recorded |
||||
Little Egret |
Great Egret |
Chinese Pond Heron |
Grey Heron |
Total |
Time of Return |
||
Aug 2019 |
18 |
8 |
- |
- |
26 |
18:17-19:09 |
Chinese Banyan, White Popinac, Lemon-scented Gum |
Sep 2019 |
29 |
8 |
1 |
- |
38 |
17:49-18:48 |
|
Oct 2019 |
3 |
12 |
- |
- |
15 |
17:36-18:20 |
|
Nov 2019 |
31 |
5 |
1 |
1 |
38 |
17:15-18:05 |
|
Dec 2019 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
6 |
17:29-18:06 |
|
Jan 2020 |
3 |
- |
- |
- |
3 |
18:03-18:20 |
Chinese Banyan, White Popinac |
Total |
85 |
34 |
4 |
3 |
126 |
|
|
(1)
Black-crowned Night Heron, a nocturnal species
commonly seen at SMRC, is excluded from this table as it is not relevant to the
targeted night roost community.
(2)
Grey Herons roosted at the rooftop of HKHM were not
included in the table.
Ardeid Flight Line and Flight Height
Table 8.12 Flight Heights and Directions of Ardeids Recorded Flying Over the Project Boundary
Direction of Flight Line |
Height of Flight Line (1) |
||||||
Under Lion Bridge |
5 - 15 mPD |
15 - 25 mPD |
25 - 35 mPD |
35 - 45 mPD |
> 45 mPD |
Total No. (2) |
|
Eastward (HKHM side) |
4 |
40 |
44 |
5 |
7 |
3 |
103 |
Eastward (The Riverpark side) |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
30 |
- |
42 |
Westward (HKHM side) |
5 |
35 |
73 |
35 |
10 |
- |
158 |
Westward (The Riverpark side) |
- |
4 |
19 |
24 |
1 |
|
48 |
Northward |
- |
- |
- |
4 |
- |
- |
4 |
Total |
12 |
82 |
139 |
71 |
48 |
3 |
355 |
Notes:
(1)
Height measured from the Lion Bridge
(2) This table does not reflect the actual number of ardeids along SMRC, as the number of ardeids recorded flying over the Project boundary may include those flew back and out again.
Butterfly
Table 8.13 Butterfly Species of Conservation Importance Recorded within the Assessment Area
Common Name (Species Name) |
Distribution in Hong Kong (1) |
Habitats Recorded |
Dark
Swift (Caltoris cahira) |
Rare |
Natural
watercourse |
Metallic
Cerulean (Jamides alecto alocina) |
Very Rare |
Woodland;
Plantation; Abandoned agriculture land* |
Forget-me-not (Catochrysops strabo) |
Very Rare |
Mixed woodland*; Plantation; Developed area |
Note:
(1) AFCD
(2019b).
* Individual(s) was(were) recorded
within Project boundary.
Odonate
Table 8.14 Odonate Species of Conservation Importance Recorded within the Assessment Area
Common
Name (Species Name) |
Distribution in Hong Kong (1) |
Protection Status |
Habitats Recorded |
Emerald Cascader (Adult
and Nymphs) (Zygonyx iris insignis) |
Widely distribute in moderately clean,
rapidly flowing forested streams throughout Hong Kong |
PGC
(2) |
Natural watercourse |
Tiger Hawker
(Nymphs) (Polycanthagyna erythromelas) |
Common |
LC (2) |
Modified
watercourse |
Note:
(1)
AFCD (2019b).
(2)
Fellowes et al. (2002): LC=Local Concern;
PGC=Potential Global Concern.
Herpetofauna
Table 8.15 Herpetofauna Species of Conservation Importance Recorded within the Assessment Area
Common
Name (Species Name) |
Distribution in Hong Kong (1) |
Protection Status |
Habitats Recorded |
Amphibian |
|||
Lesser Spiny Frog (Adult and Tadpole) (Quasipaa exilispinosa) |
Occurs throughout
territory |
PGC (2);
Vulnerable (3); Vulnerable (4) |
Natural watercourse; Modified watercourse |
Reptile |
|||
Four-clawed Gecko (Gehyra
mutilata) |
Widely but thinly distributed throughout
Hong Kong |
Vulnerable (3) |
Mixed woodland* |
Indian Forest Skink (Sphenomorphus
indicus) |
Commonly distributed in woodlands in the
eastern and central New Territories |
LC (2) |
Natural watercourse |
Chinese Water Dragon (5) (Physignathus cocincinus) |
- |
Vulnerable (4) |
Natural watercourse |
Enhydris spp.(6) |
- |
- |
Active agricultural land* |
Taiwan Kukri Snake (Oligodon formosanus) |
Widely
distributed |
Near Threatened (3) |
Woodland |
Note:
(1)
AFCD (2019b).
(2)
Fellowes et al. (2002): LC: Local Concern; PGC=Potential
Global Concern.
(3)
Jiang et al. (2016).
(4)
IUCN (2020).
(5)
According to Mo (2019), this
exotic species has successfully established its population in different area of
Hong Kong, including Sha Tin and LRCP.
Thus, this species may be a naturalized exotic species.
(6)
All Enhydris spp. in Hong Kong are considered as species of conservation
importance (either listed as Local Concern in Fellowes et al. (2002) or Vulnerable in Jiang et al. (2016))
* Individual(s) was(were) recorded within
Project boundary.
Mammal
Table 8.16 Mammal Species of Conservation Importance Recorded within the Assessment Area
Common
Name (Scientific Name) |
Distribution in Hong Kong (1) |
Protection Status (2) |
Habitat Recorded |
Short-nosed Fruit Bat (Cynopterus sphinx) |
Abundant |
Near Threatened (3) |
Mixed woodland*; Plantation; Developed
area |
Chinese Noctule (Nyctalus
plancyi) |
Common |
PRC (RC) (4) |
Plantation |
Japanese Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus
abramus) |
Very Common |
- |
Mixed woodland*; Developed area*;
Abandoned agricultural land; Plantation; Village/orchard; Modified
watercourse |
Least Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus
tenuis) |
Uncommon |
Near Threatened (3) |
Plantation; Developed area |
Chinese Pipistrelle (Hypsugo
pulveratus) |
Rare |
Near Threatened (3);
(LC) (4) |
Plantation; Developed area |
Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta) |
Common |
Cap. 586 (5);
Class II (6); Vulnerable (7) |
Woodland; Developed area |
Pallas's Squirrel (Callosciurus erythraeus) |
Fairly widely
distributed |
- |
Plantation*; Woodland |
Note:
(1)
AFCD (2019b).
(2)
All listed mammal species are protected under
Wild Animals Protection Ordinance (Cap. 170).
(3) Jiang et al. (2016).
(4)
Fellowes et al.
(2002): LC=Local Concern; PRC=Potential Regional Concern; RC=Regional Concern.
(5)
Protected under Protection of Endangered
Species of Animals and Plants Ordinance (Cap. 586).
(6) List of Wild Animals Under
Special State Protection.
(7) Wang et al. (1998).
* Individual(s)
recorded within Project boundary
Freshwater Community
Table 8.17 Freshwater Species of Conservation Importance Recorded within the Assessment Area
Common Name (Scientific
Name) |
Distribution
in Hong Kong (1) |
Protection
Status |
Habitat
Recorded |
Insect |
|||
Emerald Cascader
(Nymphs) (Zygonyx iris insignis) |
Abundant |
PGC (2) |
Natural
watercourse |
Tiger Hawker
(Nymphs) (Polycanthagyna erythromelas) |
Common |
LC (2) |
Modified
watercourse |
Crustacean |
|||
Cryptopotamon anacoluthon |
Common; Endemic |
PGC (2);
Vulnerable (3) |
Natural
watercourse |
Amphibian |
|||
Lesser Spiny Frog
(Tadpole) (Quasipaa exilispinosa) |
Occurs throughout
territory |
PGC (2);
Vulnerable (3); Vulnerable (4) |
Natural
watercourse |
Freshwater Fish |
|||
Predaceous Chub (Parazacco spilurus) |
Common |
Vulnerable (5) |
Natural watercourse |
Notes:
(1) AFCD (2019b); Dudgeon D. (2003).
(2)
Fellowes et al.
(2002): LC=Local Concern; PGC=Potential Global Concern.
(3)
IUCN (2020).
(4)
Jiang et
al. (2016).
(5)
Yue and Chen (1998).
Table 8.18 Ecological Evaluation of Woodland and Mixed Woodland within the Assessment Area
Woodland |
Mixed
Woodland |
|
Naturalness |
Moderate to high for hillside woodland
south to Sha Tin Road within LRCP and north of SMTR Moderate woodland in Pak Tin, east of
Shui Chuen O Estate and northeast of Mei Chung Court Low to moderate for isolated woodland
surrounding SHRC |
Semi-natural habitat derived from
artificial plantation but subjected to human disturbance (e.g. vegetation
maintenance, etc). Moderate for mixed woodland south to Sha
Tin Road (including those within LRCP), west, south
and southeast to Peak One, west to Mei Chung Court and west to Chun Shek
Estate. Low for scattered
patches adjacent to traffic roads and residential areas/villages, on
engineered slopes, south to Tsang Tai Uk. |
Size |
Large
(90.55 ha) |
Moderate (33.22 ha) |
Diversity |
High
floral and low to moderate faunal diversity for
hillside woodland south to Sha Tin Road within LRCP and north
of SMTR Moderate floral and low faunal diversity
for woodland in Pak Tin, east of Shui Chuen O Estate and northeast of Mei
Chung Court Low to moderate floral and low faunal
diversity for isolated woodland surrounding SHRC |
Moderate to high floral and low to moderate faunal diversity for
mixed woodland south to Sha Tin Road (including those within LRCP), west, south
and southeast to Peak One, west to Mei Chung Court and west to Chun Shek
Estate Low
to moderate floral and low faunal diversity for
scattered patches adjacent to developed area, on engineered slopes and south
to Tsang Tai Uk |
Rarity |
Recent Surveys A fairly common habitat
in Hong Kong. Nine flora species of conservation importance
(Incense Tree, Hong Kong Eagle's Claw, Butulang Canthium, Lamb of Tartary,
Small Persimmon, Luofushan Joint-fir, Hong Kong Pavetta, Ixonanthes and
Hairy-fruited Ormosia) were recorded. Six fauna species of conservation importance (Pygmy Wren-babbler,
Collared Scops Owl, Metallic Cerulean, Taiwan Kukri Snake, Rhesus Macaque and
Pallas's Squirrel) were recorded. Previous Studies One flora species of conservation importance
(Small Persimmon) |
Common habitat in Hong
Kong Six flora (Incense Tree, Hong Kong Pavetta, Luofushan Joint-fir, Small
Persimmon, Rhododendron spp. and Butulang Canthium) species of
conservation importance were recorded. Five fauna species of conservation importance (Chinese Hwamei,
Forget-me-not, Four-clawed Gecko, Short-nosed Fruit Bat and Japanese
Pipistrelle) were recorded. |
Re-creatability |
Low to
moderate. Re-creatable but maturation of trees and natural succession would
take decades |
Moderate. Re-creatable if time is
allowed for maturation and natural succession |
Fragmentation |
Low |
Moderate |
Ecological linkage |
The woodland south to Sha Tin Road partially falls
within LRCP |
The mixed woodland at south of Sha Tin Road partially
falls within LRCP |
Potential value |
Moderate for
hillside woodland south to Sha Tin Road within LRCP and north
of SMTR Low to moderate for woodland in Pak Tin,
east of Shui Chuen O Estate and northeast of Mei Chung Court Low for isolated woodland surrounding
SHRC |
Moderate for
mixed woodland south to Sha Tin Road within LRCP under active management Low to moderate for
mixed woodland south to Sha Tin Road outside LRCP, west, south
and southeast to Peak One, west to Mei Chung Court and west to Chun Shek
Estate and on engineered slope along SMTR Low for
isolated patches adjacent to developed area, on engineered slopes and south
to Tsang Tai Uk |
Nursery/Breeding ground |
None
known |
None known |
Age |
Mature for hillside woodland south to Sha
Tin Road within LRCP and north of SMTR Relatively
mature for remaining woodlands |
Relatively mature for
mixed woodland south to Sha Tin Road (including those within LRCP), west, south
and southeast to Peak One, west to Mei Chung Court and west to Chun Shek
Estate Young for scattered
patches adjacent to developed area, on engineered slopes and south to Tsang
Tai Uk |
Abundance/ Richness of
Wildlife |
Moderate to high for
hillside woodland south to Sha Tin Road within LRCP and north
of SMTR Moderate for woodland in Pak Tin, east
of Shui Chuen O Estate and northeast of Mei Chung Court Low to moderate for isolated woodland
surrounding SHRC |
Low to moderate for
mixed woodland south to Sha Tin Road (including those within LRCP), west, south
and southeast to Peak One, west to Mei Chung Court and west to Chun Shek
Estate Low for scattered
patches adjacent to developed area, on engineered slopes and south to Tsang
Tai Uk |
Ecological Value |
Moderate
to high
for hillside woodland south to Sha Tin Road within LRCP and north
of SMTR Moderate
for woodland
in Pak Tin, east of Shui Chuen O Estate and northeast of Mei Chung Court Low
to moderate
for isolated woodland surrounding SHRC |
Moderate for
mixed woodland south to Sha Tin Road within LRCP Low to Moderate
for mixed woodland south to Sha Tin Road outside LRCP, west, south
and southeast to Peak One, west to Mei Chung Court and west to Chun Shek
Estate Low
for scattered patches near developed area, on engineered slopes and south
to Tsang Tai Uk |
Table 8.19 Ecological Evaluation of Plantation and Shrubland within the Assessment Area
Criteria |
Plantation |
Shrubland |
Naturalness |
Low to moderate for patches at Sha Tin
Park, south to Sha Tin Road within LRCP and east to Shui Chuen O Estate Low
for remaining plantations |
Low
to moderate |
Size |
Moderate
(39.28 ha) |
Moderate
(9.25 ha) |
Diversity |
Moderate floral and low faunal diversity
for patches at Sha Tin Park, south to Sha Tin Road within LRCP and east to
Shui Chuen O Estate Low floral and faunal diversity
for remaining plantations |
Low to moderate floral and low faunal diversity |
Rarity |
A very common habitat in Hong Kong. Recent Surveys Four flora (Butulang Canthium, Incense Tree, Luofushan Joint-fir and
Ailanthus) species of conservation importance were recorded. Nine fauna species of conservation importance (Collared Scops Owl,
Metallic Cerulean, Forget-me-not, Short-nosed Fruit Bat, Chinese Noctule,
Japanese Pipistrelle, Least Pipistrelle, Chinese Pipistrelle and Pallas's
Squirrel) were recorded. Previous Studies Two flora species of conservation
importance (Butulang Canthium and Ailanthus) were recorded. |
A common habitat in Hong Kong. Recent Surveys No species of
conservation importance were recorded. Previous Studies One flora species of conservation
importance (Small Persimmon) was recorded. |
Re-creatability |
High |
Moderate.
Re-creatable but time needed for the shrubland to establish. |
Fragmentation |
Moderate |
Moderate |
Ecological linkage |
The plantation south to Sha Tin Road partially falls
within LRCP. |
The shrubland west to Shui Chuen O Estate partially
falls within LRCP. |
Potential value |
Low to moderate for
patches at Sha Tin Park, south to Sha Tin Road within LRCP and east to Shui
Chuen O Estate Low
for other patches |
Low
to moderate |
Nursery/Breeding ground |
None
known |
None
known |
Age |
Young |
Young |
Abundance/ Richness of Wildlife |
Low to moderate for
patches at Sha Tin Park, south to Sha Tin Road within LRCP and east to Shui
Chuen O Estate Low
for remaining plantations |
Low |
Ecological Value |
Low to Moderate
for patches at Sha Tin Park, south to Sha Tin Road within LRCP and east to
Shui Chuen O Estate Low
for remaining plantations |
Low to Moderate |
Table 8.20 Ecological Evaluation of Grassland and Active Agricultural Land within the Assessment Area
Criteria |
Grassland |
Active Agricultural Land |
Naturalness |
Low to moderate |
Low. An artificial habitat used for
cultivation. |
Size |
Small (0.36 ha) |
Small (0.59 ha) |
Diversity |
Low floral and faunal diversity |
Low floral and faunal diversity |
Rarity |
A very common habitat in Hong Kong. |
A
common habitat in Hong Kong. One fauna (Enhydris spp.) species of conservation importance was recorded. |
Re-creatability |
High |
High |
Fragmentation |
High |
High |
Ecological linkage |
Not structurally
and functionally link with highly
valued habitat |
Not
structurally and functionally link with highly
valued habitat |
Potential value |
Low |
Low |
Nursery/Breeding ground |
None known |
None known |
Age |
Young |
Young |
Abundance/ Richness of
Wildlife |
Low |
Low |
Ecological Value |
Low |
Low |
Table 8.21 Ecological Evaluation of Abandoned Agricultural Land and Village/Orchard within the Assessment Area
Criteria |
Abandoned
Agricultural Land |
Village/Orchard |
Naturalness |
Low. An artificial
habitat |
Low. An artificially created habitat. |
Size |
Small (0.48 ha) |
Small (9.92 ha) |
Diversity |
Low floral and faunal diversity |
Moderate floral and low faunal diversity |
Rarity |
A common habitat in Hong
Kong. Two fauna (Metallic Cerulean and Japanese Pipistrelle)
species of conservation importance were recorded. |
A
very common habitat in Hong Kong. Two fauna species of conservation
importance (Little Egret and Japanese Pipistrelle) were recorded. |
Re-creatability |
High |
High |
Fragmentation |
High |
None |
Ecological linkage |
Not structurally and functionally link with highly
valued habitat |
Not
structurally and functionally linked with highly valued habitat |
Potential value |
Low |
Low |
Nursery/Breeding ground |
An individual of Metallic Cerulean was observed laying eggs on its
host plant Ginger Lily |
None known |
Age |
Young |
Young |
Abundance/ Richness of
Wildlife |
Low |
Low |
Ecological Value |
Low to Moderate |
Low |
Table 8.22 Ecological Evaluation of Developed Area and Pond within the Assessment Area
Criteria |
Developed Area |
Pond |
Naturalness |
Low.
An artificial habitat |
Low. An artificial
habitat. |
Size |
Very
large (264.94 ha) |
Small (0.03 ha) |
Diversity |
Moderate
to high floral and low faunal diversity |
Low
floral and faunal diversity |
Rarity |
A very common man-made
habitat in Hong Kong. Six flora species of
conservation importance (Incense Tree, Butulang Canthium, Lamb of Tartary, Small Persimmon,
Hairy-fruited Ormosia and Ixonanthes) were recorded. Eleven fauna species of
conservation importance (Black-crowned Night Heron, Grey Heron, Great Egret, Little Egret,
Black-capped Kingfisher, Forget-me-not, Short-nosed Fruit Bat, Japanese
Pipistrelle, Least Pipistrelle, Chinese Pipistrelle and Rhesus Macaque)
were recorded. Ardeid
night roosts were recorded on planted trees along SMRC at the riverside
between HKHM and Man Lai Court and on the rooftop of HKHM. |
Common habitat in Hong
Kong. No species of
conservation importance were recorded. |
Re-creatability |
High |
High |
Fragmentation |
None |
Moderate |
Ecological linkage |
Not
structurally
and functionally link with highly valued habitat |
Not structurally and functionally link with highly valued habitat |
Potential value |
Low |
Low |
Nursery/Breeding ground |
None
known |
None known |
Age |
N/A |
N/A |
Abundance/ Richness of
Wildlife |
Low
to moderate |
Low |
Ecological Value |
Low
to Moderate for ardeid night
roost site near SMRC Low for remaining
developed area |
Low |
Table 8.23 Ecological Evaluation of Natural and Modified Watercourse within the Assessment Area
Criteria |
Natural Watercourses |
Modified Watercourse |
Naturalness |
Moderate
to high |
Very low. An artificial
habitat. |
Size |
Small
(~3.28 km, 2.06 ha) |
Small (~4.10 km, 16.06
ha) |
Diversity |
Low
to moderate floral and low faunal diversity |
Low
floral and faunal diversity |
Rarity |
A common habitat in Hong
Kong. One flora
(Luofushan Joint-fir) was recorded. Eight fauna species of conservation
importance (Striated Heron, Dark Swift, Emerald Cascader, Lesser Spiny Frog, Indian
Forest Skink, Chinese Water Dragon, Predaceous Chub and Cryptopotamon anacoluthon) were recorded. |
A very common habitat in
Hong Kong. Nine fauna species of conservation
importance (Little Grebe, Black-crowned Night Heron, Chinese
Pond Heron, Grey Heron, Great Egret, Little Egret,
Tiger Hawker (nymphs), Lesser
Spiny Frog and Japanese Pipistrelle) were recorded. |
Re-creatability |
Low.
|
High |
Fragmentation |
Moderate |
Moderate |
Ecological linkage |
Functionally connected
with woodland nearby. Natural
watercourses S3 and S6 partially fall within LRCP. |
Some
of the modified watercourses structurally link with natural watercourse |
Potential value |
Moderate |
Low |
Nursery/Breeding ground |
Nymphs of Emerald Cascader recorded at
lower section of S3; juveniles of Predaceous Chub recorded at upper and lower
sections of S3; and tadpoles of Less Spiny Frog recorded at S6 |
Nymphs of Tiger Hawker was recorded at S7. |
Age |
N/A |
Young |
Abundance/ Richness of
Wildlife |
Low
to moderate |
Low |
Ecological Value |
Moderate |
Low
to moderate for SMRC Low for
remaining modified watercourses |
Table 8.24 Species of Conservation Importance Recorded within the Assessment Area during Recent Surveys and Previous Studies
Common Name (Scientific Name) |
Recorded Location / Habitat |
Distribution in Hong Kong (1) |
Rarity (1) |
Protection Status |
|
Previous Studies |
Recent Survey |
||||
Flora |
|||||
(Aquilaria sinensis) |
- |
Woodland; Mixed Woodland(*); Plantation;
Developed Area |
Can be found in lowland forests and fung shui woods |
Common |
Cap. 586 (2); Vulnerable (2); Status in China:
Near Threatened (3); Category ll (4); Vulnerable (5);
Near Threatened (6); Recorded in Illustration of Rare and
Endangered Plants in Guangdong Province (7) |
Hong Kong Eagle's Claw (Artabotrys
hongkongensis) |
- |
Woodland(*)(+) |
Can be found in dense forests or on wet places of ravines |
Restricted |
Least Concern (4) |
Butulang Canthium (Canthium
dicoccum) |
Plantation (15) |
Woodland(*)(+); Mixed woodland(*)(+);
Plantation(*); Developed area(*) |
Can be found in ravines, forests and thickets. |
Common |
Vulnerable (2) |
Lamb of Tartary (Cibotium barometz) |
- |
Woodland(+); Developed area |
Can be found in forest and shrubland |
Very Common |
Cap. 586 (2); Status in China: Vulnerable (3);
Category ll (4) |
Small Persimmon (Diospyros
vaccinioides) |
Shrubland (15) |
Woodland(*)(+); Mixed woodland(*)(+);
Developed area(*) |
Can be found in thin forests and thickets in ravines or on hillslopes |
Very Common |
Critically Endangered (2); Endangered (8) |
Luofushan Joint-fir (Gnetum
luofuense) |
- |
Woodland(*)(+); Mixed Woodland(*)(+);
Plantation; Natural watercourse |
Can be found in forest and shrubland |
Very Common |
Near Threatened (2) |
Ixonanthes (Ixonanthes
reticulata) |
- |
Woodland(*)(+); Developed area(*) |
Can be found in thickets or thin forests |
Common |
Vulnerable (2)(5) |
Hairy-fruited Ormosia (Ormosia
pachycarpa) |
- |
Woodland(*)(+); Developed area(*) |
Can be found in forests |
Restricted |
Status in
China: Endangered (3); Vulnerable (8) |
Hong Kong Pavetta (Pavetta hongkongensis) |
- |
Woodland; Mixed woodland(*) |
Can be found in thickets and forests |
Common |
Cap. 96 (2) |
Ailanthus (Ailanthus fordii) |
Plantation (15) |
Plantation(*) |
Can be found in forest. |
Rare; also widely cultivated as roadside trees and ornamental trees (3) |
Cap. 96 (2) |
Rhododendron spp.(17) |
- |
Mixed woodland(*)(+) |
Can be found in forest and/or shrubland |
- |
Cap. 96 (2) |
Fauna |
|||||
Avifauna |
|||||
Little Grebe (14) (Tachybaptus ruficollis) |
- |
Modified
watercourse |
Common resident. |
Common |
Cap. 170 (2); LC (2) |
Black-crowned Night Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) |
- |
Developed area;
Modified watercourse |
Widely distributed in Hong Kong. |
Common |
Cap. 170 (2); (LC) (2) |
Striated Heron (14) (Butorides striatus) |
- |
Natural
watercourse |
Widely distributed in Hong Kong. |
Uncommon in summer; Scarce in winter |
Cap. 170 (2); (LC) (2) |
Chinese Pond Heron (14) (Ardeola bacchus) |
- |
Modified
watercourse |
Widely distributed in Hong Kong. |
Common |
Cap. 170 (2); PRC (RC) (2) |
Grey Heron (14) (Ardea cinerea) |
- |
Developed area;
Modified watercourse |
Found in Deep Bay area, Starling Inlet, Kowloon Park, Cape D'Aguilar. |
Common |
Cap. 170 (2); PRC (2) |
Great Egret (14) (Ardea alba) |
- |
Developed area;
Modified watercourse |
Widely distributed in Hong Kong. |
Common |
PRC (RC) (2) |
Little Egret (14) (Egretta garzetta) |
- |
Developed area;
Village/orchard; Modified watercourse |
Widely distributed in coastal area throughout Hong Kong. |
Common |
Cap. 170 (2); PRC (RC) (2) |
Black Kite (14) (Milvus migrans) |
- |
In flight |
Widely distributed in Hong Kong. |
Common |
Cap. 170 (2); Cap.586 (2); (RC) (2); Class II (9) |
Common Emerald Dove (Chalcophaps indica) |
- |
In flight |
Widely distributed in woodland throughout Hong Kong. |
Scarce |
Cap. 170 (2); Vulnerable (10) |
Collared Scops Owl (Otus lettia) |
- |
Woodland(+);
Plantation |
Widely distributed in shrubland throughout Hong Kong. |
Common |
Cap.
170 (2); Cap.586 (2);
Class II (4) |
Black-capped
Kingfisher (Halcyon pileata) |
- |
Developed area |
Widely distributed in coastal areas
throughout Hong Kong. |
Common |
Cap.
170 (2); (LC) (2) |
Collared Crow (14) (Corvus torquatus) |
- |
In flight |
Found in Inner Deep Bay area, Nam Chung, Kei Ling Ha, Tai Mei Tuk,
Pok Fu Lam, Chek Lap Kok, Shuen Wan, Lam Tsuen. |
Uncommon |
Cap.
170 (2); LC (2);
Vulnerable (2); Near Threatened (11) |
Pygmy Wren-babbler (Pnoepyga pusilla) |
- |
Woodland |
Found in Tai Po Kau, Ng Tung Chai. |
Rare |
LC (2) |
Chinese Hwamei (Garrulax canorus) |
- |
Mixed Woodland(+) |
Widely distributed in hillside shrubland throughout Hong Kong. |
Common |
Cap 586 (2); Near Threatened (11) |
Blyth's Reed
Warbler (Acrocephalus dumetorum) |
Not specified (16) |
- |
Found in Mai Po. |
Rare |
Cap.
170 (2) |
Butterfly |
|||||
Dark Swift (Caltoris
cahira) |
- |
Natural watercourse |
Generally found in bamboo groves. |
Rare |
- |
(Jamides alecto alocina) |
- |
Woodland; Plantation; Abandoned agriculture land(*) |
Victoria Peak, Fung Yuen, Chuen Lung, Mui Wo |
Very Rare |
- |
Forget-me-not (Catochrysops
strabo) |
- |
Mixed woodland(*);
Plantation(+); Developed area |
Pui O, Tai Po Kau, Fung Yuen, Shing Mun, Sha Lo Wan |
Very Rare |
- |
Odonate |
|||||
Small
Dragonhunter (Sieboldius alexanderi) |
Not specified (16) |
- |
Found in woodland streams; recorded in Sha
Lo Tung, Tai Lam Country Park and Pat Sin Leng |
Uncommon |
GC (2) |
Tiger Hawker
(nymphs) (Polycanthagyna
erythromel) |
- |
Modified watercourse(+) |
Widespread in woodlands all over Hong Kong |
Common |
LC (2) |
Emerald Cascader (adult and nymphs) (Zygonyx iris insignis) |
- |
Natural watercourse |
Widely distribute in moderately clean,
rapidly flowing forested streams throughout Hong Kong |
Abundant |
PGC (2) |
Amphibian |
|||||
Lesser Spiny Frog (adult and tadpole) (Quasipaa
exilispinosa) |
- |
Natural watercourse(+); Modified watercourse |
Occurs throughout territory |
- |
PGC (2); Vulnerable (2)(11) |
Reptile |
|||||
Four-clawed
Gecko (Gehyra mutilata) |
- |
Mixed Woodland(*) |
Widely
but thinly distributed throughout Hong Kong |
Uncommon |
Vulnerable (11) |
Indian Forest
Skink |
- |
Natural watercourse |
Commonly distributed in woodlands in the
eastern and central New Territories |
- |
LC (2) |
Chinese Water Dragon (Physignathus cocincinus) |
- |
Natural watercourse |
- |
- |
Vulnerable (2) |
Enhydris spp. (18) |
- |
Active agricultural land(*) |
- |
- |
- |
Taiwan
Kukri Snake (Oligodon formosanus) |
- |
Woodland |
Widely
distributed |
Uncommon |
Near
Threatened (11) |
Mammal |
|||||
Short-nosed
Fruit Bat |
Not specified (16) |
Mixed Woodland(*)(+); Plantation; Developed
area |
Very widely distributed in urban and
countryside areas throughout Hong Kong. |
Abundant |
Cap. 170 (2); Near Threatened (11)
|
Chinese
Noctule (Nyctalus plancyi) |
- |
Plantation(+) |
Fairly widely distributed in countryside
areas throughout Hong Kong. |
Common |
Cap. 170 (2); PRC (2) |
Japanese Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus
abramus) |
- |
Mixed woodland(*)(+); Developed area(*); Abandoned agricultural land(*); Plantation(+); Village/orchard; Modified watercourse |
Widely distributed throughout Hong Kong. |
Very Common |
Cap. 170 (2) |
Least
Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus tenuis) |
- |
Plantation(+); Developed area |
Recorded
in Nam Chung, Sheung Wo Hang, Lin Ma Hang, Plover Cove Country Park, Yuen
Long, Shek Pik, Deep Water Bay, Ho Pui and Ho Chung. |
Uncommon |
Cap. 170 (2); Near Threatened (11) |
Chinese
Pipistrelle (Hypsugo pulveratus) |
- |
Plantation(+); Developed area |
Recorded
in the countryside areas at Ting Kau, Ma On Shan and Lin Ma Hang, and several
records of stray individuals inside buildings. |
Rare |
Cap. 170 (2); (LC) (2);
Near Threatened (11) |
Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta) |
- |
Woodland; Developed
area |
Mainly distributed in Kam Shan, Shing Mun and Tai Po Kau; also found
in Ma On Shan, Sai Kung, Tai Lam Country Parks and the North District. |
Common |
Cap. 170 (2); Cap.586 (2); Class II (9);
Vulnerable (12) |
Pallas's Squirrel (Callosciurus erythraeus) |
- |
Woodland;
Plantation(*)(+) |
Fairly widely distributed, with the styani subspecies found in the New Territories (e.g. Tai Lam, Shing Mun and
Tai Po Kau), and the thai subspecies found on the Hong Kong Island (e.g. Tai Tam and Pok Fu
Lam). |
Fairly widely distributed |
Cap. 170 (2) |
Freshwater Community |
|||||
Cryptopotamon
anacoluthon |
- |
Natural watercourse |
- |
- |
Vulnerable (2) |
Emerald
Cascader (nymphs) (Zygonyx iris
insignis) |
Natural watercourse (17) |
Natural watercourse |
Widely distribute in moderately clean,
rapidly flowing forested streams throughout Hong Kong |
Abundant |
PGC (2) |
Tiger Hawker (nymphs) (Polycanthagyna erythromel) |
- |
Modified watercourse |
Widespread in woodlands all over Hong Kong |
Common |
LC (2) |
Lesser Spiny Frog (tadpole) (Quasipaa
exilispinosa) |
- |
Natural watercourse |
Occurs throughout territory |
- |
Vulnerable (2); PGC (2);
Vulnerable (11) |
Predaceous Chub (Parazacco spilurus) |
Natural watercourse (17) |
Natural watercourse |
A
widespread species occurring in most unpolluted hill streams in both upper
and lower courses. |
Common |
Vulnerable (13) |
Notes:
(1) Distribution in Hong Kong
and rarity follows:
Flora:
Wu and Lee (2000); Xing and Chau (2000); Siu (2000).
Fauna:
AFCD (2019b); Karsen et al. (1998);
Shek (2006).
(2) Fellowes et al. (2002): GC=Global Concern;
LC=Local Concern; RC=Regional Concern; PRC=Potential Regional Concern; PGC:
Potential Global Concern.
Letters in parentheses indicate that the assessment is on the basis of
restrictedness in nesting and/or roosting sites rather than in general
occurrence.
(Cap. 96): Forests and Countryside
Ordinance (Cap. 96).
(Cap. 170): Protected under Wild
Animals Protection Ordinance (Cap. 170).
(Cap. 586): Protection of Endangered
Species of Animals and Plants Ordinance (Cap.586).
IUCN (2020).
(3) Hong Kong Herbarium (2020).
(4)
List of
Wild Plants Under Special State Protection.
(5) Fu and Chin (1992).
(6) Feng et al. (2002).
(7) Wu and Hu (1988).
(8) Qin et al. (2017).
(9) List of Wild Animals Under
Special State Protection.
(10) Zheng et al. (1998).
(11) Jiang et al. (2016).
(12) Wang (1998).
(13)
Yue and Chen (1998).
(14) Wetland-dependent species
(including wetland-dependent species and waterbirds).
(15) CEDD (2004).
(16) AFCD (2019a).
(17) All Rhododendron spp. in Hong Kong is listed under Forests and Countryside
Ordinance (Cap. 96).
(18) All Enhydris spp. in Hong Kong are considered as
species of conservation importance (either listed as Local Concern in
Fellowes et al. (2002) or
Vulnerable in Jiang et al. (2016))
(*) Individual(s) was(were) recorded
within Project boundary.
(+) Individual(s) was(were) recorded
within LRCP.
Direct Impact
No Direct Impact on Ardeid Night Roost
Site
Impact to Recognized Site of
Conservation Importance and the Associated Species of Conservation Importance
Impact to Other Terrestrial Habitats
and Other Species of Conservation Importance
Table 8.25 Area of Habitat Loss of Other Terrestrial Habitats Outside LRCP Arising from the Proposed Project
Area of Permanent Habitat Loss (ha) |
Area of Temporary Habitat Loss (ha) |
Ecological Value of Affected Habitat |
|
Mixed
Woodland |
1.33 |
0.29 |
Low
to Moderate for mixed woodland south to Sha Tin Road and south to Peak One Low for
scattered patches on engineered slope along SMTR and south to Tsang Tai Uk |
Plantation |
1.14 |
0.46 |
Low |
Active
Agricultural Land |
0.08 |
0.06 |
Low |
Abandoned
Agricultural Land |
0.18 |
0.1 |
Low to moderate |
Developed
Area |
3.79 |
0.94 |
Low |
Modified
Watercourse |
0.07 (0.23 km) |
0 |
Low to moderate
for SMRC Low for
remaining modified watercourses (S5) |
Total |
6.59 |
1.85 |
- |
Note: About 13 m2 woodland and 153 m2 mixed woodland within
LRCP would be permanently affected, as mentioned in Section 8.8.1.3 above.
Bird Collision
Direct Harm/Mortality to Wildlife
Indirect Impacts
Disturbance Impact on Recognized Site
of Conservation Importance
Disturbance Impact
on Night Roosting Ardeids
Disturbance
Impact on Ardeid Flight Path
Disturbance Impact on Terrestrial
Habitat, Vegetation and Fauna
Direct Impacts
Indirect Impacts
Impact on Recognized Sites of
Conservation Importance
Disturbance
Impact on Night Roosting Ardeids
Impact on Ardeid Flight Path
Disturbance Impacts on
Terrestrial Habitats, Vegetation and Fauna
8.8.2.9 Upon the completion of works, the temporarily affected works area will be reinstated to its original condition and would not induce adverse ecological impacts during the operation phase. Landscape works such as planting of native shrubs in pits in front of the flexible barriers within LRCP and provide subdued colour paint to the flexible barriers would be undertaken to reinstate the affected area upon the completion of works. For other temporarily affected plantation and mixed woodland area outside LRCP, shrub mix planting would be undertaken to compensate vegetation loss. Regular routine maintenance inspection on the slopes may be required, but the level of disturbance should be acceptable given the inspection would be occasional and temporary.
Table 8.26 Potential Ecological Impacts to Woodland and Mixed Woodland Habitats
Criteria |
Woodland |
Mixed
Woodland |
Habitat quality |
Moderate to high for hillside woodland south to Sha Tin
Road within LRCP and north of
SMTR Moderate for woodland
in Pak Tin, east of Shui Chuen O Estate and northeast of Mei Chung Court Low to moderate for isolated woodland surrounding SHRC |
Moderate for mixed woodland south to Sha Tin Road within LRCP Low to moderate for
mixed woodland south to Sha Tin Road outside LRCP, west, south and southeast to Peak One, west to
Mei Chung Court and west to Chun Shek Estate Low for
isolated patches adjacent to developed area, on engineered slopes and south
to Tsang Tai Uk |
Species |
High floral and low to moderate faunal diversity for hillside woodland south to Sha Tin Road
within LRCP and north of SMTR Moderate
floral and low faunal diversity for woodland in Pak Tin, east of Shui Chuen
O Estate and northeast of Mei Chung Court Low to
moderate floral and low faunal diversity for isolated woodland surrounding
SHRC Nine
flora, two avifauna, one
butterfly, one reptile and two mammal species of conservation importance were
recorded. |
Moderate to high
floral and low to moderate faunal diversity for
mixed woodland south to Sha Tin Road (including those within LRCP), west, south and southeast to Peak One, west to
Mei Chung Court and west to Chun Shek Estate Low to moderate floral and low faunal diversity for scattered patches adjacent to developed
area, on engineered slope along SMTR and south to Tsang Tai Uk Six flora, one avifauna, one butterfly, one reptile and two mammal
species of conservation importance were recorded. |
Size/Abundance |
Permanent
loss of understorey vegetation (about 13 m2) within LRCP
is anticipated. |
Permanent
loss (about 153 m2)
within
LRCP; permanent loss (1.33 ha) at the mixed woodlands at Tsang Tai Uk, south of
Peak One and south to Sha Tin Road outside LRCP; and temporary loss (0.29 ha)
at the mixed woodland west to Peak one outside LRCP are anticipated. |
Duration |
Direct impact (habitat loss within LRCP) within the footprint of the
proposed works would be permanent. Indirect impact (noise and vibration, air/dust) during the
construction phase would be temporary. Indirect impact (glare, noise, increase in human disturbance)
during operation phase would be permanent |
Direct impact (habitat loss) within the footprint of the proposed
works would be permanent. Indirect impact (noise and vibration, air/dust) during the
construction phase would be temporary. Indirect
impact (noise, increase in human disturbance) during the operation phase
would be permanent. |
Reversibility |
Permanent habitat loss within LRCP would be
irreversible. Construction phase indirect impacts
(disturbance, increase in human activities) would be reversible. Operation phase indirect impacts (disturbance,
increase in human activities) would be irreversible. |
Permanent habitat loss would be
irreversible. Temporary habitat loss and construction
phase indirect impacts (disturbance, increase in human activities) would be
reversible. Operation phase indirect impacts (disturbance, increase in human
activities) would be irreversible. |
Magnitude |
Minor |
Minor |
Overall
Impact Evaluation |
Minor
|
Minor |
Table 8.27 Potential Ecological Impacts to Plantation and Shrubland Habitats
Criteria |
Plantation |
Shrubland |
Habitat quality |
Low to
moderate for plantation at Sha Tin Park, south to Sha Tin Road within LRCP and east to
Shui Chuen O Estate Low for remaining plantations |
Low to
Moderate |
Species |
Moderate floral and
low faunal diversity
for patches at Sha Tin Park, south to Sha Tin Road within LRCP and east to
Shui Chuen O Estate Low floral and
faunal diversity for remaining
plantations. Four flora, one avifauna, two butterfly and six mammal species
of conservation importance were recorded during recent surveys and previous
studies. |
Low to moderate
floral and low faunal diversity. One flora species of conservation
importance was recorded in previous studies. |
Size/Abundance |
Permanent
loss (1.14 ha) and temporary loss (0.46 ha) of plantation habitat are
anticipated. |
No
direct loss to this habitat is anticipated. |
Duration |
Direct impact (permanent habitat loss) within the footprint of the
proposed works would be permanent. Direct impact (temporary habitat loss) within the footprint of the
proposed works would be temporary. Indirect impact (noise and vibration, air/dust) during construction
phase would be temporary. Indirect impact (noise, increase in human disturbance) during
operation phase would be permanent. |
Given its distant location at the hillside area,
negligible indirect impacts are anticipated during construction and operation
phases. |
Reversibility |
Permanent habitat loss would be
irreversible. Temporary habitat loss would be reversible. Construction phase indirect impacts (dust,
noise, glare) would be reversible. Operation phase indirect impacts (disturbance, increase in human
activities) would be irreversible |
Given its distant location at the hillside area, negligible
indirect impacts are anticipated during construction and operation phases. |
Magnitude |
Minor |
Negligible |
Overall
Impact Evaluation |
Minor |
Negligible |
Table 8.28 Potential Ecological Impacts to Grassland and Active Agricultural Land Habitats
Criteria |
Grassland |
Active
Agricultural Land |
Habitat quality |
Low |
Low |
Species |
Low floral and
faunal diversity. No species of conservation importance were
recorded. |
Low floral and
faunal diversity. One
reptile species of conservation importance was recorded during recent
surveys. |
Size/Abundance |
No
direct loss to this habitat is anticipated. |
Permanent
loss (0.08 ha) and temporary loss (0.06 ha) of active agricultural land
habitat are anticipated. |
Duration |
Given its
distant location at the hillside area, negligible indirect impacts are
anticipated during construction and operation phases. |
Direct impact (permanent habitat loss) within the footprint of the
proposed works would be permanent. Direct impact (temporary habitat loss) within the
footprint of the proposed works would be temporary. Indirect impact (noise and vibration, air/dust) during construction
phase would be temporary. Indirect impact (noise, increase in human disturbance) to remaining
mixed woodland during operation phase would be permanent |
Reversibility |
Given its distant location at the hillside area, negligible indirect
impacts are anticipated during construction and operation phases. |
Permanent habitat loss would be
irreversible. Temporary habitat loss would be reversible. Construction phase indirect impacts
(air/dust, noise, glare) would be reversible. Operation phase indirect impacts (disturbance, increase in human
activities) would be irreversible. |
Magnitude |
Negligible |
Minor |
Overall
Impact Evaluation |
Negligible |
Minor |
Table 8.29 Potential Ecological Impacts to Abandoned Agricultural Land and Village /Orchard
Criteria |
Abandoned
Agricultural Land |
Village/Orchard |
Habitat quality |
Low to
moderate |
Low |
Species |
Low floral
and low faunal diversity. One
butterfly and one mammal species of conservation importance were recorded
during recent surveys. |
Moderate floral and
low faunal diversity. One
avifauna and one mammal species of conservation importance were recorded
during recent surveys. |
Size/Abundance |
Permanent
loss (0.18 ha) and temporary loss (0.1 ha) of abandoned agricultural land
habitat are anticipated. |
No direct
loss to this habitat is anticipated. |
Duration |
Direct impact (permanent habitat loss) within the
footprint of the proposed works would be permanent. Direct impact (temporary habitat loss) within the
footprint of the proposed works would be temporary. Indirect impact (noise and vibration, air/dust)
during construction phase would be temporary. Indirect impact
(air/dust, noise, increase in human disturbance) during operation phase would
be permanent. |
Indirect impact (noise and vibration, air/dust)
during construction phase would be temporary. Indirect impact (noise and human
disturbance) during operation phase would be permanent. |
Reversibility |
Permanent habitat loss would be irreversible. Temporary habitat loss would be reversible. Construction phase indirect impacts
(air/dust, noise, glare) would be reversible. Operation phase indirect impacts (disturbance, increase in human
activities) would be irreversible |
Construction phase indirect impacts
(air/dust, noise, glare) would be reversible. Operation phase indirect impacts (disturbance, increase in human
activities) would be irreversible. |
Magnitude |
Minor |
Minor |
Overall Impact
Evaluation |
Minor |
Minor |
Table 8.30 Potential Ecological Impacts to Developed Area and Pond Habitats
Criteria |
Developed
Area |
Pond |
Habitat quality |
Low
to Moderate for ardeid night roost site near SMRC Low for remaining developed area |
Low |
Species |
Moderate to high floral and low faunal diversity. Six flora, five avifauna, one butterfly and five mammal species of conservation
importance were recorded during recent surveys. Ardeid
night roosts were recorded along SMRC at the riverside and rooftop of HKHM. |
Low floral and low faunal diversity No species of conservation importance were recorded. |
Size/Abundance |
Permanent
loss (3.79 ha) and temporary loss (0.94 ha) of developed area habitat are
anticipated. |
No direct loss to this habitat is anticipated. |
Duration |
Direct impact (habitat loss) within the footprint of the proposed
works would be permanent. Indirect impact (noise and vibration, air/dust, disturbance to ardeid
night roost site and ardeid flight path) during the construction phase would
be temporary. Indirect
impact (noise, increase in human disturbance, disturbance to ardeid night
roost site and ardeid flight path) during operation phase would be permanent. |
Indirect impact (noise and vibration, air/dust) during the
construction phase would be temporary. Indirect impact (noise, increase in human disturbance) during
operation phase would be permanent. |
Reversibility |
Permanent habitat loss would be
irreversible. Construction phase indirect impacts
(air/dust, noise, glare, disturbance to ardeid night roost site and ardeid flight path) would be reversible. Operation phase indirect impacts (disturbance,
increase in human activities, disturbance to ardeid night roost site and ardeid flight path) would be irreversible. |
Construction phase indirect impacts
(air/dust, noise, glare) would be reversible. Operation phase indirect impacts (disturbance, increase in human
activities) would be irreversible. |
Magnitude |
Minor |
Minor |
Overall
Impact Evaluation |
Low to Moderate for ardeid
night roost site near SMRC Minor
for
remaining developed area |
Minor |
Table 8.31 Potential Ecological Impacts to Natural Watercourse and Modified Watercourse Habitat
Criteria |
Natural
Watercourse |
Modified Watercourse |
Habitat quality |
Moderate |
Low to
moderate for SMRC Low for remaining modified watercourses |
Species |
Low to moderate floral and low faunal diversity. One flora, one avifauna, one butterfly, one odonate
(adult and larvae), one amphibian, two reptile, one freshwater fish and one
freshwater crab were recorded during recent surveys. |
Low floral
and faunal diversity. Six avifauna, one odonate (larvae), one
amphibian and one mammal species of conservation importance were recorded
during recent surveys. |
Size/Abundance |
No
direct loss to this habitat is anticipated. |
Permanent
loss (0.07 ha) of modified watercourse habitat are anticipated. |
Duration |
Indirect impact (noise and vibration, air/dust) during the
construction phase would be temporary. Indirect
impact (noise, increase in human disturbance) during operation phase would be
permanent. |
Direct impact (habitat loss) within the footprint of the proposed
works would be permanent. Indirect impact (noise and vibration, air/dust) during construction
phase would be temporary. Indirect impact (noise, increase in human
disturbance) during operation phase would be permanent |
Reversibility |
Construction phase indirect impacts
(air/dust, noise, glare) would be reversible. Operation phase indirect impacts (disturbance,
increase in human activities) would be irreversible. |
Permanent habitat loss would be
irreversible. Construction phase indirect impacts
(air/dust, noise, glare) would be reversible. Operation phase
indirect impacts (disturbance, increase in human activities) would be
irreversible. |
Magnitude |
Minor |
Minor |
Overall
Impact Evaluation |
Minor |
Minor |
· Widening of Tai Po Road (Sha
Tin Section);
· Improvement of Lion Rock
Tunnel; and
· Revitalization of Tai Wai Nullah.
Avoidance of Recognized
Sites of Conservation Importance and Natural Habitats
Minimizing Impacts on Recognized
Site of Conservation Importance
Minimizing Impacts on Ardeid
Flight Path and Bird Collision
Protection of Flora Species
of Conservation Importance
Minimizing Disturbance
Impacts on Natural Habitats and Fauna
- Placement of equipment or stockpile in designated works areas and access routes selected on existing disturbed land to minimize disturbance to natural habitats;
-
Construction
activities should be restricted to clearly demarcated works areas;
-
All
temporary works areas should be reinstated after completion of the works; and
-
Waste
skips should be provided to collect general refuse and construction wastes and
should be properly disposed of in a timely manner.
Minimizing Glare, Air
Quality, Noise and Disturbance Impacts
Table 8.32 Proposed Restricted Hours for Construction Works
Season |
Proposed Restricted Hours for
Construction Works |
Dry Season (Oct Mar) |
16:30-07:30 |
Wet Season (Apr Sep) |
17:00-07:00 |
Minimising Water Quality
Impact
-
Cofferdams
or impermeable structures should be installed as appropriate to isolate the
water flow from the construction works area;
-
Dewatering
or flow diversion shall be conducted prior to the construction works to prevent
water overflow to the surrounding area;
-
Watercourse
diversion should be conducted in dry season as far as practicable when the
water flow is low; and
- Water drained from the watercourse shall be diverted to new/temporary drainage for watercourse diversion.
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[TWYC1]TBC by PM team