3. Air Quality

3.1 Introduction

This Section presents the potential air quality impacts associated with the demolition/ construction and operation phases of the Project.

3.2 Legislative Requirements and Evaluation Criteria

The principal legislation for the management of air quality in Hong Kong is the Air Pollution Control Ordinance (APCO) (Cap. 311). As the new set of AQOs will be implemented on 1 January 2022, the new AQOs have been adopted as the assessment criteria as shown in Table 3.1.

Table 3.1 Hong Kong Air Quality Objectives

Air Pollutant	Averaging Time	New AQOs
		Concentration (µg m^-3) ^(a)	No. of Exceedances Allowed per Year
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)	1-hour	200	18
	Annual	40	-
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)	10-minute	500	3
	24-hour	50	3
Carbon Monoxide (CO)	1-hour	30,000	0
	8-hour	10,000	0
Respirable Suspended Particulates (RSP) ^(b)	24-hour	100	9
	Annual	50	-
Fine Suspended Particulates (FSP) ^(c)	24-hour	50	35
	Annual	25	-
Ozone	8-hour	160	9
Lead	Annual	0.5	-
Notes: (a) Concentrations of gaseous air pollutants (i.e .NO2, SO2, CO and O3) are measured at 293K and 101.325kPa. (b) Suspended particles in air with a nominal aerodynamic diameter of 10 μm or less. (c) Suspended particles in air with a nominal aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm or less.

In addition to the APCO, a maximum hourly average Total Suspended Particulates (TSP) concentration of 500µg m^-3 at Air Sensitive Receivers (ASRs) is stipulated in Annex 4 of the Technical Memorandum on Environmental Impact Assessment Process (EIAO-TM) to address potential construction dust impacts. The measures stipulated in the Air Pollution Control (Construction Dust) Regulation will be followed to ensure that potential dust impacts are properly controlled. Requirements stipulated in the Air Pollution Control (Non-road Mobile Machinery) (Emission) Regulation and Air Pollution Control (Fuel Restriction) Regulation will also be followed to control potential emissions from non-road mobile machinery during decommissioning /demolition and construction phases. Furthermore, Air Pollution Control (Marine Light Diesel) Regulation and Air Pollution Control (Fuel for Vessels) Regulation will be followed to control potential emissions from marine vessels arising from the Project.

3.3 Assessment Area and Air Sensitive Receivers

The Assessment Area is defined as an area within 15km from the boundary of the Project site. The Project site and the Assessment Area are shown in Figure 3.1.

The representative ASRs have been identified in various districts within the Assessment Area, including:

n The Islands (Lamma Island, Cheung Chau, Peng Chau, Hei Ling Chau, Northern and Eastern part of Lantau Island);

n Southern District of Hong Kong Island;

n Central and Western District of Hong Kong Island;

n Eastern District of Hong Kong Island;

n Kowloon; and

n Tsing Yi.

The identification of representative ASRs within each of the abovementioned 6 districts have considered a number of factors, including:

n Proximity of ASRs from the Project site:

Distance between the ASRs and the Project site has been considered as ASRs closer to the Project site would potentially experience higher impact from the stack emissions of the Project. As far as distance is concerned, ASRs may be considered more representative if they are located closer to the Project site within a specific district.

n Base elevation and building height of ASRs:

Base elevation and building height of the ASRs have been considered as ASRs with higher building height or situated at a higher base elevation has the potential to be more impacted by the stack emissions of the Project than those with lower building height or situated at a lower base elevation. As far as base elevation and building height of ASRs are concerned, ASRs may be considered more representative if they are high-rise buildings or situated at a higher base elevation within a specific district.

n Nature of ASRs:

Type of use of the ASRs (e.g. residential, commercial, industrial, GIC ([1])) has been considered in the identification of representative ASRs within each district. ASRs that are of higher sensitivity to air quality impact (e.g. residential buildings, hospitals, schools) may be considered more representative relative to those of lower sensitivity to air quality impact (e.g. commercial and industrial buildings) within a specific district.

n Representativeness of ASRs within a specific district:

ASRs that are prominent, large-scale, and/or landmark developments (e.g. large residential complexes) which can reasonably represent a specific district may be considered more representative.

n Geography of the district:

The locations and number of representative ASRs within a specific district have been considered such that they can reasonably cover different areas within that specific district. For example, Islands District consists of a number of islands including Lamma Island, Cheung Chau, Hei Ling Chau and Peng Chau.

n Presence of natural terrain and physical barriers:

Presence of natural terrain and physical barriers has been considered in the identification of representative ASRs within each district. ASRs that have direct line of sight to the stacks of the Project may be considered more representative than those ASRs with natural terrain or physical barriers blocking their views to the stacks of the Project.

In general, more representative ASRs have been identified within a district that is relatively close to the Project site (e.g. Islands District, Southern District of Hong Kong Island) compared with a district that is at a greater distance from the Project site (e.g. Tsing Yi, Eastern District of Hong Kong Island). More representative ASRs have also been identified within a district with scattered areas (e.g. Islands District, Southern District of Hong Kong Island) to provide a comprehensive coverage of the district.

Apart from the review of relevant Outline Zoning Plans (OZPs), Development Permission Area Plans, Outline Development Plans and Layout Plans and other relevant published land use plans from the Lands Department and development applications approved by the Town Planning Board, the identification of these representative ASRs has also made reference to the approved EIA report for the 1,800MW Gas-Fired Power Station at Lamma Extension (LMX) Project (AEIAR-010/1999), the Air Quality Impact Assessment (AQIA) study for Variation of Environmental Permit (VEP) for the LMX project in 2020, and the Air Pollution Control Plan (APCP) for the operation of unit L10 at Lamma Power Station (LPS) in 2019.

Locations of the identified representative ASRs are shown in Figure 3.1. Details of these representative ASRs, including the ASR descriptions, uses, base elevation, approximate building height and approximate distance from the Project site are presented in Table 3.2.

Table 3.2 Identified Representative ASRs

ASR	District	Description	Type of Use	PATH Grid	Approx. Base Elevation (mPD)	Approx. Maximum Height (m above ground)	Approx. Separation Distance from the Project Site Boundary (km)
A1	Islands (Lamma Island)	Village House at Po Wah Yuen	Residential	3423	33.7	10	1.32
A2	Islands (Lamma Island)	Pak Kok San Tsuen House 40	Residential	3424	21.3	10	2.32
A3	Islands (Lamma Island)	Village house at Tai Shan Central	Residential	3423	30.5	10	0.81
A4	Central & Western HK Island	Cape Mansions Block B	Residential	3528	76.0	70	6.37
A5	Southern HK Island	Pine Court Block 2	Residential	3527	35.6	50	5.75
A6	Central & Western HK Island	Queen Mary Hospital Block S	Hospital	3628	146.2	55	6.43
A7	Central & Western HK Island	Smithfield Court Block 1	Residential	3529	7.0	70	7.54
A8	Southern HK Island	Residence Bel-Air Phase 1 Tower 8	Residential	3626	8.7	170	5.23
A9	Southern HK Island	Baguio Villa Block 22	Residential	3627	92.6	95	5.78
A10	Central & Western HK Island	The University of Hong Kong Main Building	GIC	3629	60.8	15	8.09
A11	Southern HK Island	Pokfulam Gardens Block 1	Residential	3627	131.5	105	5.56
A12	Central & Western HK Island	Overthorpe Block A	Residential	3728	478.7	10	7.70
A13	Southern HK Island	Wah Fu (II) Estate Wah Tai House	Residential	3626	61.0	80	5.00
A14	Southern HK Island	Sherwood's Bluff Block A2	Residential	3827	429.7	10	7.49
A15	Central & Western HK Island	Regent On The Park Tower 1	Residential	3928	59.8	115	8.84
A16	Southern HK Island	Wah Kwai Estate Wah Hau House	Residential	3726	10.6	120	5.11
A17	Southern HK Island	Matilda International Hospital	Hospital	3827	410.9	15	6.44
A18	Southern HK Island	Aberdeen Centre Kwun Chiu Court	Residential	3825	4.0	90	6.05
A19	Southern HK Island	San Wui Commercial Society Chan Pak Sha School	School	3925	23.1	20	7.04
A20	Southern HK Island	Ocean Park Maritime Point	Theme Park	4024	120.0	10	6.85
A21	Southern HK Island	Hong Kong Ocean Park Marriott Hotel	Hotel	4025	14.0	20	8.02
A22	Southern HK Island	South Horizons Block 13 Yee Lok Court	Residential	3725	6.0	115	5.07
A23	Southern HK Island	Lei Tung Estate Tung Mau House	Residential	3825	59.8	115	5.84
A24	Islands (Cheung Chau)	Seaview Garden	Residential	2621	60.0	10	6.84
A25	Islands (Lamma Island)	Concerto Inn	Hotel	3522	7.1	15	1.42
A26	Islands (Lamma Island)	South Lamma Public Library	GIC	3621	4.8	10	2.94
A27	Southern HK Island	Ma Hang Estate Block 4 Leung Ma House	Residential	4323	42.5	40	10.35
A28	Southern HK Island	34-38 Chung Hom Kok Road House B	Residential	4322	79.3	15	10.06
A29	Southern HK Island	The Repulse Bay Tower III Harston	Residential	4224	45.5	90	9.62
A30	Eastern HK Island	Taikoo Shing Yiu Sing Mansion	Residential	4530	5.0	90	13.93
A31	Eastern HK Island	Wah Shun Gardens	Residential	4430	30.8	120	13.25
A32	Eastern HK Island	Chan's Creative School (H.K. Island)	School	4330	7.5	20	12.97
A33	Eastern HK Island	Braemar Hill Mansions Block 7	Residential	4329	140.2	85	12.45
A34	Eastern HK Island	City Garden Hotel	Hotel	4230	3.8	85	12.19
A35	Central & Western HK Island	Hay Wah Building Block B	Residential	4029	3.8	75	9.54
A36	Kowloon	Harbour Pinnacle	Residential	4031	4.8	120	11.28
A37	Kowloon	Sorrento Tower 1	Residential	3932	10.9	260	11.45
A38	Kowloon	On Lee Building	Residential	4033	4.9	50	12.60
A39	Kowloon	The Open University of Hong Kong	School	4133	35.5	50	13.39
A40	Kowloon	King's Court	Residential	4134	12.4	60	14.18
A41	Kowloon	Cheung Sha Wan Government Offices	GIC	3935	4.9	100	13.86
A42	Kowloon	Caritas Medical Centre	Medical Centre	3836	36.4	45	14.59
A43	Tsing Yi	Cheung Hong Estate Hong On House	Residential	3337	40.0	100	14.68
A44	Tsing Yi	Hong Kong Institute of Vocational Education (Tsing Yi Campus)	School	3336	39.4	45	13.74
A45	Islands (Lantau Island)	Hong Kong Disneyland Hotel	Hotel	2732	3.0	25	11.72
A46	Islands (Lantau Island)	Hong Kong Disneyland	Theme Park	2733	7.4	10	12.17
A47	Islands (Lantau Island)	Inspiration Lake Recreation Centre	Water Recreation Centre	2633	8.8	10	13.18
A48	Islands (Lantau Island)	Graceful Mansion	Residential	2432	32.0	90	13.81
A49	Islands (Lantau Island)	Cherish Court	Residential	2531	10.5	60	11.83
A50	Islands (Peng Chau)	Tung Wan Villa House 8	Residential	2630	6.6	10	10.11
A51	Islands (Peng Chau)	Holy Family School	School	2629	24.0	25	9.69
A52	Islands (Lantau Island)	Silvermine Beach Resort	Hotel	2228	2.0	20	12.21
A53	Islands (Lantau Island)	Bui O Public School	School	2025	7.4	15	13.40
A54	Islands (Hei Ling Chau)	Hei Ling Chau Correctional Institution	GIC	2726	89.0	25	7.48
A55	Islands (Hei Ling Chau)	Hei Ling Chau Addiction Treatment Centre	GIC	2626	44.5	25	8.47
A56	Islands (Cheung Chau)	Buddish Wai Yan Memorial College	School	2521	1.5	15	8.06
A57	Islands (Cheung Chau)	Cheung Chau Kwok Man School	School	2521	2.8	15	7.67
A58	Islands (Cheung Chau)	Scenic Garden Block 29	Residential	2522	17.5	10	7.81
A59	Southern HK Island	Eredine	Residential	3827	455.5	30	6.54
A60	Tsing Yi	Ching Wah Court Wah Yan House	Residential	3336	76.4	100	14.55
A61	Islands (Lantau Island)	Bijou Drive 32	Residential	2330	221.1	10	12.81

3.4 Baseline Conditions

The Project is located at the GT Compound within the existing LPS. The local air quality is primarily influenced by the emissions from the existing operation of LPS.

3.4.1 Measured Background Air Quality from Air Quality Monitoring Stations

Eight EPD’s air quality monitoring stations (AQMSs) in Kwai Chung, Sham Shui Po, Mongkok, Central/Western, Central, Causeway Bay, Eastern and Southern are located within the Assessment Area.

Table 3.3 presents the relevant time averaging concentrations of air pollutants measured at the above AQMS in the most recent five years (i.e. 2016 to 2020) for comparison with the prevailing AQOs.

Table 3.3 Concentrations of Air pollutants Measured at EPD’s AQMS within the Assessment Area in the Recent Five Years (2016 to 2020)

Station	Year	Concentration of Pollutants (µg m^-3) ^(a)
		19^th highest 1-hour NO2	Annual NO2	4^thhighest 24-hour SO2	4^th highest 10-min SO2	10^thhighest 24-hour RSP	Annual RSP	10^thhighest 24-hour FSP	Annual FSP	10^th highest daily max. 8-hour O3	Daily max. 1-hour CO ^(d)	Daily max. 8-hour CO ^(d)
Kwai Chung	2016	185	59	36	147	71	33	50	22	107	-	-
	2017	204	57	24	93	74	35	49	23	129	-	-
	2018	196	55	27	134	62	32	38	20	133	-	-
	2019	184	54	18	53	59	29	39	18	143	-	-
	2020	184	48	12	43	46	23	29	14	124	-	-
Sham Shui Po	2016	161	58	26	126	77	35	48	23	106	-	-
	2017	194	54	25	76	72	33	46	21	130	-	-
	2018	152	49	21	98	59	33	41	21	147	-	-
	2019	176	48	14	41	65	33	36	18	164	-	-
	2020	151	45	12	40	59	28	30	14	134	-	-
Mongkok ^(b)	2016	218	78	21	83	80	37	57	26	71	2,570	1,911
	2017	257	81	20	83	84	38	57	27	91	2,390	2,156
	2018	240	79	19	88	73	36	51	24	97	2,340	2,041
	2019	248	78	10	39	74	35	55	24	125	2,280	2,103
	2020	214	74	10	45	63	29	42	18	96	1,810	1,580
Central / Western	2016	152	43	27	103	80	32	50	22	138	-	-
	2017	164	40	29	125	84	35	59	23	159	-	-
	2018	159	39	22	135	70	34	46	21	164	-	-
	2019	153	37	12	62	69	30	49	20	191	-	-
	2020	128	32	9	31	60	25	37	16	140	-	-
Central ^(b)	2016	258	78	24	75	82	31	50	20	96	2,000	1,739
	2017	267	80	24	91	84	33	56	21	103	2,050	1,879
	2018	257	80	20	101	74	34	50	21	96	2,330	1,685
	2019	252	80	15	42	74	37	53	24	133	2,440	2,205
	2020	223	68	10	26	63	29	39	17	107	1,980	1,620
Causeway Bay ^(b)	2016	274	89	15	89	89	45	59	32	69	3,130	2,215
	2017	325	97	25	95	90	46	65	31	78	2,420	2,090
	2018	277	87	19	82	82	46	55	30	78	2,610	2,047
	2019	287	81	11	51	80	43	54	27	108	2,620	2,309
	2020	216	68	11	35	70	36	44	22	91	2,850	1,685
Eastern	2016	134	46	16	82	71	30	45	20	132	-	-
	2017	139	42	14	54	74	33	49	20	160	-	-
	2018	128	39	12	123	68	33	39	19	161	-	-
	2019	136	38	7	41	66	31	40	18	169	-	-
	2020	113	34	6	16	60	27	31	14	140	-	-
Southern ^(c)	2020	101	-	6	27	51	-	27	-	151	1,250	1,150
Prevailing AQOs		200	40	125	500	100	50	75	35	160	30,000	10,000
Notes: (a) Data underlined indicate exceedance of the AQO. (b) Roadside AQMS. (c) As southern AQMS commissioned since 10 July 2020, monitoring results are only available in 2020. Concentration of pollutants in annual average are also not available as annual averages calculated from less than eight representative months will not be published in any form of air quality reports. (d) CO concentrations were not monitored for AQMSs in Kwai Chung, Sham Shui Po, Central/ Western and Eastern.

HK Electric operates a number of AQMSs in accordance with the requirements of its Lamma Power Station Specified Process (SP) licence, and the air quality monitoring data (i.e. NO₂ and SO₂) from these AQMSs are available for the most recent three years on HK Electric’s website ([2]). All AQMSs fall within the assessment area of the Project. The relevant time-averaging concentrations of the measured NO₂ and SO₂ data from these AQMSs in the most recent three years (i.e. 2018 to 2020) are presented in Table 3.4 for comparison with the prevailing AQOs.

Table 3.4 Concentrations of Air pollutants Measured at HK Electric’s AQMS within the Assessment Area in the Recent Three Years (2018 to 2020)

Station	Year	Concentration of Pollutants (µg m^-3) ^(a)
		19^th highest 1-hour NO2	Annual NO2	4^thhighest 24-hour SO2	4^th highest 10-min SO2
Chung Hum Kok	2018	97	12	17	107
	2019	115	10	8	23
	2020	80	12	9	24
Victoria Road	2018	63	11	16	69
	2019	76	14	12	17
	2020	60	12	4	16
Ap Lei Chau	2018	127	18	35	183
	2019	123	13	12	32
	2020	92	14	6	28
Cheung Chau	2018	160	27	20	67
	2019	154	27	12	47
	2020	123	22	14	34
Victoria Peak ^(a)	2018	113	14	14	177
	2019	89	13	11	42
	2020	79	12	7	29
Pok Fu Lam	2018	126	26	37	152
	2019	141	25	14	79
	2020	114	23	15	33
Prevailing AQOs		200	40	125	500
Note: (a) Ambient air monitoring at Victoria Peak Station was temporarily suspended from 1 Sep 2018 to 14 Jul 2019 due to renovation works.

n NO₂

No exceedance of 19^th highest 1-hour NO₂ was recorded at all EPD’s general AQMSs for the past five years except in Kwai Chung in 2017. Exceedances of 19^th highest 1-hour NO₂ were recorded at EPD’s roadside AQMSs in Mongkok, Central and Causeway Bay in all recent five years. No exceedances of 19^th highest 1-hour NO₂ were recorded at all HK Electric’s AQMSs from 2018 to 2020.

Exceedances of annual NO₂ were recorded in all recent five years at the EPD’s general AQMSs in Kwai Chung and Sham Shui Po, as well as roadside AQMSs in Mongkok, Central and Causeway Bay. EPD’s AQMSs in Central/Western had exceedances of annual NO₂ from 2016 to 2017 but no exceedance from 2018 to 2020. No exceedances were recorded at all HK Electric’s AQMSs for the past three years.

n SO₂

No exceedances of 4^th highest 24-hour SO₂ and 4^th highest 10-min SO₂ were recorded at all EPD’s AQMSs for the past five years (2016-2020) and all HK Electric’s AQMSs for the past three years (2018-2020).

n RSP

No exceedances of 10^th highest 24-hour RSP and annual RSP were recorded at all EPD’s AQMSs for the past five years (2016-2020).

n FSP

No exceedances of 10^th highest 24-hour FSP and annual FSP were recorded at all EPD’s AQMSs for the past five years (2016-2020).

n CO

No exceedances of maximum 1-hour CO and 8-hour CO were recorded at all EPD’s AQMSs for the past five years (2016-2020).

n O₃

Exceedances of 10^th highest 8-hour O₃ were recorded at EPD’s AQMSs in Sham Shui Po in 2019, in Central/Western in 2018 and 2019, and in Eastern from 2017 to 2019 over the past five years (2016-2020). O₃ exceedances were not recorded at the other EPD’s AQMSs in the past five years.

3.4.2 Predicted Future Background Air Quality

The background air pollutant concentrations predicted by the PATH v2.1 model (i.e. Pollutants in the Atmosphere and their Transport over Hong Kong) in different PATH grids where the identified ASRs are located in within the Assessment Area in Year 2025 (i.e. the year of tentative commencement of operation of Project) are presented in Table 3.5.

Table 3.5 Background Air Pollutant Concentrations Predicted by the PATH v2.1 Model in 2025

PATH Grid	Concentration of Pollutants (µg m^-3)
	19^th highest 1-hour NO2	Annual NO2	4^thhighest 24-hour SO2	4^th highest 10-min SO2 ^(a)	10^thhighest 24-hour RSP	Annual RSP	36^thhighest 24-hour FSP	Annual FSP	10th highest Daily Max. 8-hour O3	Daily Max. 1-hour CO	Daily Max. 8-hour CO
2025	91.6	17.3	11.6	81.4	66.4	27.9	25.2	15.2	227.9	882	773
2228	107.8	19.8	11.5	78.1	65.4	27.4	23.2	14.7	229.4	917	838
2330	113.0	19.7	11.9	89.5	66.0	27.5	24.1	14.8	234.6	911	825
2432	113.4	22.5	11.6	90.5	64.4	26.5	22.6	14.4	227.3	897	810
2521	121.4	24.0	11.5	83.6	60.7	26.7	21.3	13.6	222.8	905	799
2522	120.7	26.2	11.1	82.0	62.5	27.4	21.7	13.9	219.8	909	810
2531	112.8	29.9	11.4	69.9	63.9	27.5	22.1	14.5	216.7	890	801
2621	119.2	24.8	11.4	78.2	62.6	27.6	21.9	13.9	222.7	902	799
2626	121.0	27.4	11.3	67.3	62.1	27.2	22.0	14.0	217.5	891	794
2629	114.8	29.4	11.3	62.1	63.9	27.9	22.1	14.4	215.9	881	791
2630	112.4	28.7	11.2	61.7	63.8	27.9	22.1	14.4	215.9	870	781
2633	115.0	23.9	11.5	86.6	62.0	26.1	22.0	14.2	228.1	870	776
2726	117.9	27.3	10.8	66.7	62.9	27.6	21.8	14.1	215.0	874	782
2732	119.6	32.2	11.3	67.3	63.6	27.6	22.7	14.6	211.2	852	761
2733	118.0	28.7	11.5	67.5	61.7	26.7	22.4	14.4	219.5	863	768
3336	137.7	34.8	11.2	66.6	62.5	27.1	23.0	15.0	210.0	790	716
3337	143.3	30.4	10.9	61.8	62.1	27.1	22.9	14.9	203.5	799	718
3423	125.4	21.4	11.3	70.3	63.6	27.4	21.8	14.0	213.2	834	743
3424	130.5	23.6	11.9	74.1	64.5	28.3	23.4	14.8	211.3	839	749
3522	114.9	17.4	11.6	59.1	61.7	26.5	20.6	13.3	218.9	817	733
3527	126.1	24.9	11.6	73.8	60.5	26.7	21.9	13.9	198.6	839	744
3528	125.2	20.7	10.9	61.5	59.8	26.0	22.1	13.8	204.5	840	730
3529	134.7	21.8	11.2	65.6	61.5	26.2	22.6	14.1	214.6	835	731
3621	108.3	17.6	10.8	53.4	63.1	26.6	21.0	13.4	212.6	794	732
3626	114.4	19.7	10.5	57.1	60.8	26.3	21.8	13.7	205.9	845	739
3627	112.5	17.3	10.0	55.5	60.8	26.3	22.5	13.8	209.7	845	741
3628	112.9	16.8	9.9	57.7	62.7	26.7	23.6	14.2	215.0	861	740
3629	123.6	20.2	10.1	57.9	64.1	27.3	24.3	14.8	218.9	870	748
3725	111.0	22.5	10.9	55.9	62.4	27.2	21.7	14.0	200.1	842	753
3726	99.8	17.1	10.0	51.2	62.1	26.4	22.4	13.9	208.6	861	739
3728	103.6	15.5	9.8	49.4	64.6	27.4	25.2	14.8	209.7	864	743
3825	104.4	17.9	10.3	57.3	62.2	26.8	22.0	13.9	208.4	856	753
3827	97.9	14.1	9.8	44.7	64.4	27.2	23.9	14.5	206.3	871	744
3836	108.9	19.9	9.8	49.5	62.5	26.6	23.5	14.7	187.7	828	733
3925	94.4	14.7	10.2	48.7	61.2	26.1	20.8	13.4	209.5	856	739
3928	97.1	15.2	9.8	45.4	64.9	27.3	23.3	14.7	211.0	870	737
3932	132.1	26.8	9.9	58.5	64.0	27.7	24.1	15.2	205.9	950	770
3935	119.5	20.0	9.8	49.9	62.2	27.0	23.7	14.7	187.2	843	740
4024	98.8	15.1	9.9	44.1	63.0	26.9	20.3	13.4	200.6	839	745
4025	87.3	13.4	10.0	42.3	62.0	26.0	20.7	13.3	210.1	846	736
4029	128.9	20.9	9.9	48.1	66.2	28.8	24.8	15.5	208.1	899	770
4031	139.8	26.5	10.1	51.5	64.4	28.5	24.0	15.3	202.8	938	760
4033	130.6	23.9	9.8	59.4	63.8	28.4	24.7	15.5	191.5	1,016	777
4133	123.3	22.1	9.7	55.1	62.7	27.5	23.9	14.9	189.3	1,008	759
4134	121.0	21.3	9.7	54.6	62.9	27.6	24.2	15.0	190.6	972	771
4224	84.9	12.9	9.5	40.4	64.3	27.3	21.2	13.6	207.3	821	739
4230	124.6	19.3	9.9	48.2	63.7	27.7	24.0	14.9	195.9	964	757
4322	87.4	13.2	9.6	41.2	63.4	26.6	20.9	13.3	206.8	827	735
4323	83.7	12.6	9.5	40.3	65.3	27.3	21.8	13.7	204.6	830	734
4329	105.2	12.4	9.7	52.8	64.7	26.9	22.4	14.2	202.4	854	741
4330	116.4	17.7	9.9	53.7	64.4	27.7	24.0	14.9	196.4	862	758
4430	109.2	17.8	9.9	52.7	64.5	27.7	23.6	14.7	195.9	870	770
4530	111.8	18.9	9.9	50.2	63.7	27.4	22.4	14.4	195.4	892	786
AQOs ^(e)	200	40	50	500	100	50	50	25	160	30,000	10,000
Notes: (a) The multiplicative factor for the stability class calculated for each hour was applied to the 1-hour SO2 concentrations to estimate the 10-minute SO2 concentrations. (b) Underlined values mean AQO exceedance. (c) An adjustment of 11.0ug/m^3 and 10.3ug/m^3 were added to the RSP background for calculation of 24-hour RSP and annual RSP, respectively. (d) An adjustment of 3.5ug/m^3 was added to the FSP background for calculation of annual FSP. (e) New AQOs to be implemented on 1 January 2022.

As shown in Table 3.5, predicted background concentrations of NO₂, SO₂, RSP, FSP and CO in all PATH grids in 2025 are below the relevant new AQO criteria. The predicted background concentrations of O₃ in 2025 show exceedances of the relevant AQO criterion in all PATH grids.

3.5 Potential Sources of Impact

3.5.1 Decommissioning/ Demolition and Construction Phases

All activities associated with decommissioning/ demolition and construction of the Project will be located within the GT Compound of the LPS. No major earthworks or site formation works will be required.

The decommissioning/ demolition and construction of the Project will include the following key activities (see Section 2 for details):

n Decommissioning and demolition of existing units GT2, GT3, GT4, GT57 ([3]), GT6 and their auxiliaries (e.g. generator coolers, transformers), existing lube oil tank near GT5, existing BSGT and the miscellaneous shed, as well as equipment inside the existing GTAB;

n Construction of new OCGTs (i.e. GT8, GT9, GT10 and GT11), new BSGT and BESS;

n Construction of new cable trenches and new staircase and lift at the immediate east of GTAB; and

n Installation of new equipment inside the GTAB for conversion to a new 132kV switching station.

Demolition of existing units and equipment associated with the Project have the potential generate dust emissions. Soil excavation, material handling and wind erosion from open stockpiling of dusty materials during the construction of the new cable trenches and new staircase and lift are also considered potential dust generating activities. The key air pollutants of concern from these dust generating activities are TSP, RSP and FSP. In addition, the demolition and construction works will involve the use of powered mechanical equipment (PME) and marine vessels for equipment delivery, which will produce emissions from fuel combustion. The key air pollutants of concern from fuel combustion emissions include RSP, FSP, NO₂ and SO₂.

3.5.2 Operation Phase

3.5.2.1 Emissions from New OCGTs

The stack emissions from the operation of the new OCGTs (i.e. GT8, GT9, GT10 and GT11) are the major air emission sources of the Project during the operation phase. The stack locations of these new OCGTs are shown in Figure 3.2.

The new OCGTs will only be operated intermittently during peak-lopping and emergency operation. ULSD will be used for the new OCGTs. The key air pollutants of concern arising from the operation of the new OCGTs include NO₂, SO₂, RSP and FSP.

3.5.2.2 Emissions from Other Air Emission Sources within LPS

There are a number of key existing and planned stack emission sources associated with the LPS operation that will be operated concurrently during the operation phase of the Project. These emission sources include:

n Planned L11, L12 and L13 (gas-fired) and their gas heaters;

n Existing L10 (gas-fired) and its gas heater;

n Existing L9 (gas-fired) and its gas heater;

n Existing coal-fired units (i.e. L6 to L8) and

n Existing GT1.

The abovementioned stack emission sources associated with the LPS operation are considered major emission point sources that have the potential to contribute to the cumulative air quality impacts at the identified ASRs, in particular those in Lamma Island, Cheung Chau, Hei Ling Chau and Southern District of HK Island that are of relatively close distance from LPS.

The key air pollutant of concern associated with these stack emission sources are NO₂, SO₂, RSP and FSP.

3.5.2.3 Vehicular Emissions from Open Roads

Vehicular emissions from open roads in the vicinity of the identified ASRs (i.e. a distance of 500m from the ASRs) may contribute to the cumulative air quality impact to the identified ASRs, except for those on Lamma Island, Cheung Chau, Hei Ling Chau and Peng Chau (i.e. A1, A2, A3, A24, A25, A26, A50, A51, A54, A55, A56, A57 and A58) where there are no open roads and thus no vehicular emissions. The key air pollutants from vehicular emissions include NO₂, RSP and FSP. It should be noted that additional road traffic will not be generated as a result of the operation of the Project.

3.5.2.4 Emissions from Marine Vessels

Emissions from marine vessels in the vicinity of the identified ASRs (i.e. a distance of 500m from the ASRs) have the potential to give rise to cumulative air quality impact to the identified ASRs. The key air pollutants from marine emissions include NO₂, SO₂, RSP and FSP. A number of marine vessel travel routes and typhoon shelters are located within 500m from the identified ASRs (e.g. A2, A18, A22, A26, A37, A45, A50, A51). It should be noted that additional marine traffic will not be generated as a result of the operation of the Project.

3.5.2.5 Emissions from Industrial Premises

Emissions from industrial premises (e.g. chimneys) in the vicinity of the identified ASRs (i.e. a distance of 500m from the ASRs) may contribute to the cumulative air quality impact to the identified ASRs. In addition, major emission point sources, such as crematorium, power plant and asphalt plant, may pose air quality impact if they are located within 4km from the identified ASRs. The key air pollutants from industrial emissions are NO₂, SO₂, RSP and FSP.

3.6 Assessment Methodology for Decommissioning/ Demolition and Construction Phases

As discussed in Section 3.5.1, fugitive dust emissions may arise from the decommissioning/ demolition and construction activities of the Project.

The demolition works will mainly involve typical construction equipment such as electric breakers, flame cutting and other hand-held power mechanical equipment. Blasting or excavation works will not be required for the demolition. During the construction phase, foundation works will not be required as the existing foundation piles and reinforced concrete structure will be reused to support the new units as far as practicable. Only minor excavation works will be required for the construction of the new cable trenches and the new staircase and lift. In addition, all major equipment and piping associated with the new units will also be fully assembled off-site as far as practicable for subsequent installation on site, and thus associated civil works are minimised. Generation of fugitive dust emissions during the decommissioning/ demolition and construction phases is expected to be limited and localised within the LPS. There are also no ASRs within 500m from the Project site (except for the Administration and Control Building within LPS), with the nearest ASR (i.e. A3) about 800m away.

In view of the nature of the decommissioning/ demolition and construction works associated with the Project and sufficient separation distance between the Project site and the ASRs, no adverse fugitive dust impact during the decommissioning/ demolition and construction phases of the Project is anticipated. A quantitative assessment of the decommissioning/ demolition and construction air quality impacts arising from the Project is considered not necessary and hence these impacts are addressed qualitatively in Section 3.8.1.

3.7 Assessment Methodology for Operation Phase

3.7.1 Overview

As per Clause 3.4.3 of the EIA Study Brief, a comparative assessment has been carried out to evaluate the air quality impacts arising from the concerned units before and after the Project. The purpose of the comparative assessment is to demonstrate that the air quality impacts from the operation of new OCGTs (i.e. the proposed GT8, GT9, GT10 and GT11) are lower than those from the operation of existing OCGTs/CCGT (i.e. GT2, GT3, GT4, GT57 and GT6) at the identified representative ASRs within the Assessment Area.

If the result of the comparative assessment shows increased air quality impacts at ASRs due to operation of the new OCGTs, cumulative assessment would be carried out to evaluate the cumulative impacts at these ASRs against the new AQOs as shown in Table 3.1. Based on the results of the comparative assessment presented in Section 3.8.2 below, reduction of air quality impacts has been predicted at all relevant assessment heights of all identified ASRs within the Assessment Area. As such, cumulative assessment for the operation of the Project is not required.

The following sub-sections in Section 3.7 detail the assessment methodology for the comparative assessment.

3.7.2 Modelling Scenarios

The stack locations of the proposed GT8, GT9, GT10 and GT11 are shown in Figure 3.2, while the stack locations of the existing GT2, GT3, GT4, GT57 and GT6 are shown in Figure 3.3. The existing stacks serving the existing GT2, GT57 and GT6 will be retained for the proposed new GT8, GT9, GT10 and GT11 in the following arrangement:

n GT8 to replace GT5 and use the existing stack of GT5;

n GT9 to replace GT6 and use the existing stack of GT6;

n GT10 to replace GT7 and use the existing stack of GT7; and

n GT11 to replace GT2 and use the existing stack of GT2.

GT3 and GT4 will be decommissioned and demolished with no replacement units under this Project. The stacks of GT3 and GT4 will be retained but there will be no emissions during the operation of the Project.

One modelling scenario assuming the operation of the existing OCGTs and CCGT was assessed and represents the “Without Project” scenario. As the new OCGTs will be commissioned and put into operation in four phases (i.e. Phase 1 to Phase 4), a modelling scenario for each phase of the Project operation was assessed to consider the air quality impacts throughout all phases of the operation of the Project.

For the comparative assessment, the air quality impacts (i.e. NO₂, SO₂, RSP and FSP) at the representative ASRs under each of the four phases of “With Project” scenario (i.e. Phase 1 to Phase 4) were compared with those under the “Without Project” scenario.

Details of the modelling scenarios and the assessment parameters modelled are presented in Table 3.6. The stack parameters and emission information adopted in the modelling assessment under the “Without Project” and “With Project” scenarios are presented in Table 3.7 and Table 3.8, respectively. The stack locations of the existing and/or new units considered under the four phases of “With Project” scenario are shown in Figures 3.4a to 3.4d.

Table 3.6 Modelling Scenarios and Assessment Parameters

Modelling Scenario	Emission Sources Considered	Assessment Parameters in the Modelling Assessment ^(a)(b)
“Without Project”	■ Existing GT2, GT3, GT4, GT57, GT6	■ Maximum 1-hour NO2 and annual NO2 ■ Maximum 10-minute SO2 and maximum 24-hour SO2 ■ Maximum 24-hour RSP and annual RSP ■ Maximum 24-hour FSP and annual FSP
“With Project” – Phase 1	■ Existing GT2, GT3, GT4 ■ New GT10
“With Project” – Phase 2	■ Existing GT3, GT4 ■ New GT8, GT10
“With Project” – Phase 3	■ Existing GT4 ■ New GT8, GT9, GT10
“With Project” – Phase 4	■ New GT8, GT9, GT10, GT11
Notes: (a) The new OCGTs will only be operated during peak-lopping and emergency situation, and thus the operation is expected to be short-term and infrequent. However, considering that the operation of the new OCGTs may last for more than 24 hours, annual assessment for both “Without Project” and “With Project” scenarios has been conducted as a conservative and consistent approach. (b) For the purpose of this comparative assessment, all units under the “Without Project” scenario and “With Project” scenario (Phase 1 to Phase 4) were assumed to be operating continuously under normal operating condition as a consistent modelling assumption. (c) The black start gas turbine within the Project site will also be replaced under this Project. However, as the operation of the black start gas turbine within the Project site is highly unlikely (during black out situations) and short-term (i.e. duration of a few hours), potential emissions from its operation have not been considered under all modelling scenarios. Also, as confirmed by HK Electric, the emission and stack parameter information for the operation of the black start gas turbine remain unchanged after replacement, and thus consideration of the emissions from the black start gas turbine is deemed not necessary in this comparative assessment.

Table 3.7 Stack Parameters and Emission Information under “Without Project” Scenario

Parameters	GT2	GT3	GT4	GT6	GT5 ^(f)	GT7 ^(f)
Stack Locations (X, Y)	828711, 808699	828718, 808703	828711, 808707	828892, 808705	828899, 808702	828899, 808709
Stack Diameter (m)	5.6	5.6	5.6	5.6	5.6	5.6
Stack Height (mPD)	86	86	86	86	86	86
Exit Velocity (m/s)	32	32	32	32	20	20
Exit Temperature (°K)	663	663	663	663	423	423
Emission Rate of NOx (g/s) ^(b)	74.31	74.31	74.31	74.31	34.72	34.72
Emission Rate of SO2 (g/s) ^(c)	0.83	0.83	0.83	0.83	2.78	2.78
Emission Rate of PM (g/s) ^(d)(e)	4.86	4.86	4.86	4.86	2.78	2.78
Notes: a) The stack parameters and emission information were made reference to the current LPS SP licence. The stack input parameters presented represent the normal operating condition with reference to the LPS SP licence (i.e. at “74% base load condition” as specified in the LPS SP licence). Emission rates of GT2 to GT7 were calculated with reference to Schedule A2 of the LPS SP licence. According to Clause A.2.1 of the LPS SP licence, the total NOx, SO2 and PM emissions from GT2 to GT7 are limited to 1,320 kg/hour, 32 kg/hour and 90 kg/hour, respectively. b) NOx of GT5 / GT7 = 125kg/hr x 1000 / 3600 = 34.72g/s NOx of GT2 / GT3 / GT4 / GT6 = (1320kg/hr – 125kg/hr x 2) / 4 x 1000 / 3600 = 74.31g/s c) SO2 of GT5 / GT7 = 10kg/hr x 1000 / 3600 = 2.78g/s SO2 of GT2 / GT3 / GT4 / GT6 = (32kg/hr – 10kg/hr x 2) / 4 x 1000 / 3600 = 0.83g/s d) PM of GT5 / GT7 = 10kg/hr x 1000 / 3600 = 2.78g/s PM of GT2 / GT3 / GT4 / GT6 = (90kg/hr – 10kg/hr x 2) / 4 x 1000 / 3600 = 4.86g/s e) PM refers to particulate matter. The emission rate for PM applies to both RSP and FSP. f) GT57 is a CCGT unit converted from 2 OCGTs (i.e. GT5 and GT7) with two separate stacks. GT57 will be modelled as 2 separate emission sources GT5 and GT7 under “Without Project” scenario. g) Existing GT2, GT3, GT4, GT6 are oil-fired with generation capacity of 125MW each, while the existing GT57 is gas-fired with generation capacity of 345MW. The total power generation capacity from these existing units is 845MW.

Table 3.8 Stack Parameters and Emission Information under “With Project” Scenario

Parameters	GT8	GT9	GT10	GT11
Stack Locations (X, Y)	828899, 808702	828892, 808705	828899, 808709	828711, 808699
Stack Diameter (m)	5.6	5.6	5.6	5.6
Stack Height (mPD)	86	86	86	86
Exit Velocity (m/s)	32	32	32	32
Exit Temperature (°K)	663	663	663	663
Emission Rate of NOx (g/s) ^(b)	51.67	51.67	51.67	51.67
Emission Rate of SO2 (g/s) ^(b)	1.03	1.03	1.03	1.03
Emission Rate of PM (g/s) ^(b)(c)	3.44	3.44	3.44	3.44
Notes: a) The stack parameters and emission information of the proposed new OCGTs are based on design specifications provided by HK Electric. The stack input parameters presented represent the normal operating condition of the proposed new OCGTs. b) Emission rates of each new unit were calculated based on the NOx, SO2 and PM emission concentrations of 150mg/Nm^3, 3mg/Nm^3 and 10mg/Nm^3, respectively, and the stack volumetric flow rate of 1,240,000Nm^3/hour (at 15% O2, 0 degree C, 1 atm) for each unit. The NOx and PM emission concentrations adopted were made reference to those stipulated in Guidance Note on the Best Practicable Means for Electricity Works (BPM7/1(2018)). SO2 emission concentration was provided by HK Electric and is based on fuel oil with sulphur content of not more than 0.005% by weight as required in BPM7/1(2018). c) PM refers to particulate matter. The emission rate for PM applies to both RSP and FSP. d) The new GT8, GT9, GT10 and GT11 are oil-fired and have generation capacity of up to 130MW each, with a total power generation capacity of up to 520MW.

3.7.3 Air Dispersion Model and Meteorological Data

An EPD recommended air dispersion model, AERMOD, was used to assess the potential air quality impact at the representative ASRs under the “Without Project” and “With Project” scenarios. The quantitative assessment was conducted following the latest EPD’s Guidelines for Local-scale Air Quality Assessment Using Model.

The relevant PATH grids in which the representative ASRs are located have been identified. The predicted meteorological data for the relevant PATH grids from the PATH v2.1 model obtained from EPD’s website ([4]) were used for model input. The relevant PATH grids for the representative ASRs are shown in Table 3.2.

AERMET has been run to generate AERMOD-ready meteorological data for AERMOD model input. The land use parameters, including albedo, bowen ratio and surface roughness are required inputs for AERMET. The land use of 1km from the identified ASRs within each PATH grid has been evaluated to determine the PATH-grid specific surface roughness values. Eleven 10km x 10km regions have been evaluated to determine the values of albedo and bowen ratio in the respective regions. The bowen ratio and albedo values of the region were applied to the representative ASRs that have been identified to correspond to that specific region. Detailed calculations of albedo, bowen ratio and surface roughness are presented in Appendix 3A. Land use maps illustrating the determination of the land use parameters are also shown in Appendix 3A.

The AERMET/ AERMOD model input parameters and assumptions for the assessment are summarised in Table 3.9.

Table 3.9 AERMET/ AERMOD Model Input Parameters and Assumptions

Input Parameters & Assumptions	Descriptions
Air dispersion model	■ AERMOD
Type of source	■ Point sources
Assessment parameter	■ Maximum 1-hour NO2 and annual NO2 ■ Maximum 10-minute SO2 and maximum 24-hour SO2 ■ Maximum 24-hour RSP and annual RSP ■ Maximum 24-hour FSP and annual FSP
Assessment Heights	■ 1.5m, 5m, 10m, 15m, 20m, 25m, 30m above ground level ■ 40m to 260m (at interval of 10m) above ground level
Meteorological data	■ Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) data in 2015 from the PATH v2.1 model to be used to input into AERMET to produce AERMOD-ready meteorological data ■ 52 PATH Grids (See Appendix 3A) ■ Actual mixing heights recorded by the HKO in 2015 were in the range of 131m to 1,941m. Mixing heights from WRF data which are lower than 131m or higher than 1,941m were adjusted to 131m and 1,941m, respectively ■ Wind direction of 0º was adjusted to 360º ■ Wind speed smaller than 1m s^-1 was adjusted to 1m s^-1 ■ Anemometer height of WRF data = 9m

3.7.4 Post-processing of Modelling Results

The hourly concentrations of NO_x were predicted at the relevant assessment heights of the representative ASRs. Ozone Limiting Method (OLM) was adopted for the conversion of NO_x to NO₂. The initial NO₂/NO_x ratio for stack emissions of the Project was assumed to be 0.1([5]), with NO and NO₂ comprising 90% and 10% of NO_x, respectively. The conversion of NO_x to NO₂ for stack emissions was calculated as follows:

[NO₂]_pred = 0.1x[NO_X] _pred + MIN {0.9x[NO_X] _pred, or (46/48)x[O₃] _bkgd}

where

[NO₂] _pred = the predicted NO₂ concentration

[NO_X] _pred = is the predicted NO_X concentration

MIN means the minimum of the two values within the brackets

[O₃]_bkgd = the representative O₃ background concentration; (46/48) is the molecular weight of NO₂ divided by the molecular weight of O₃

As the proposed new OCGTs will tentatively commence operation starting 2025, the predicted ozone concentrations in 2025 in the relevant PATH grids obtained from the PATH v2.1 model were used for the conversion of NO_x to NO₂ in OLM.

The predicted hourly SO₂ concentrations at the representative ASRs were converted into 10-minute SO₂ concentrations as per the relevant AQO criterion. According to the EPD’s “Guidelines on the Estimation of 10-minute Average SO₂ Concentration for Air Quality Assessment in Hong Kong”, it is recommended that the stability-dependent multiplicative factors from Duffee et al., 1991([6]) be used. The conversion factors adopted in this assessment for the different stability classes are shown in Table 3.10.

Table 3.10 Conversion Factors from 1-hour to 10-minutes Mean Concentrations

Pasquill Stability Class	Conversion Factor (1-hour to 10-minute)
A	2.45
B	2.45
C	1.82
D	1.43
E	1.35
F	1.35
Notes: (a) Reference to the EPD’s “Guidelines on the Estimation of 10-minute Average SO2 Concentration for Air Quality Assessment in Hong Kong”.

3.7.5 Assessment of Impacts

Hourly NO₂, SO₂, RSP and FSP concentrations at the relevant assessment heights of the representative ASRs under the “Without Project” and “With Project” scenarios were predicted. Based on the predicted hourly results, the relevant time period averages of each air pollutant assessed were calculated at the relevant assessment heights of the ASRs. The relevant time period averages assessed under the “Without Project” and “With Project” scenarios are as follows:

n Maximum 1-hour NO₂ and annual NO₂;

n Maximum 10-minute SO₂ and maximum 24-hour SO₂;

n Maximum 24-hour RSP and annual RSP; and

n Maximum 24-hour FSP and annual FSP

The predicted concentrations of the relevant time period averages at the relevant assessment heights of the representative ASRs under each of the four phases of “With Project” scenario were presented and compared against those under the “Without Project” scenario to evaluate the difference in air quality impacts (see Section 3.8.2 below).

3.8 Evaluation of Impacts

3.8.1 Decommissioning/ Demolition and Construction Phases

During decommissioning and demolition works, typical construction equipment such as electric breaker, flame cutting and other hand-held power mechanical equipment will be used. No blasting or excavation works will be required. Potential fugitive dust emissions arising from the decommissioning and demolition works are expected to be minor and localised.

Major equipment and piping associated with the new units will be fully assembled off-site as far as practicable for subsequent installation on site, and thus associated civil works are expected to be minimal. Also, foundation work is expected not required as the existing foundation piles and reinforced concrete structure will be reused to support the new units as far as practicable. Therefore, potential fugitive dust emissions due to the construction of the new units and installation of equipment (e.g. inside GTAB) are expected to be minimal, if any.

Excavation works for the construction of new cable trenches of about 1.5m in width and 1,240m in length down to about 1.8m below ground and for the construction of the new staircase and lift down to about 5m below ground (footprint of about 10m x 5m) are required during the construction phase. In addition, reconstruction works inside GTAB also requires minor excavation down to about 2.6m below ground over an area of about 200m². As the scale of excavation is relatively small and the quantity of excavated materials will be low, fugitive dust emissions arising from excavation works are expected to be minor. The excavated materials will be temporarily stockpiled on site and covered with tarpaulin sheets to reduce potential fugitive dust emissions.

Considering that potential dust emissions are limited and that the nearest ASR (outside of LPS) is at least 800m away from the Project site, adverse fugitive dust impact on ASRs outside of LPS due to the decommissioning/ demolition and construction works is not anticipated. The Administration and Control Building within LPS is located about 110m to the east of the Project site. With about 110m apart, there is sufficient separation distance between the Administration and Control Building and the Project site given that potential dust impacts would be limited and highly localised. Adverse fugitive dust impact on HK Electric staff in the Administration and Control Building due to decommissioning/ demolition and construction works of the Project is not anticipated with the implementation of good construction site practices and relevant mitigation measures recommended in the Air Pollution Control (Construction Dust) Regulation.

Mobile cranes and other typical construction equipment such as excavator, welding machine, electric breaker, grinder, flame cutting and other hand-held power mechanical equipment would be used during the decommissioning/ demolition and construction of the Project. Given the demolition and construction works are relatively small scale and that the units are to be demolished and installed in phases, the number of construction plants deployed on site will be limited and the associated emissions from the operation of these construction plants are expected to be minor. Requirements in the Air Pollution Control (Non-road Mobile Machinery) (Emission) Regulation and Air Pollution Control (Fuel Restriction) Regulation will be followed to control the emissions from the construction plants. Adverse air quality impact associated with the operation of the construction plants is not anticipated.

Construction plants and major equipment of the new units will be delivered via marine vessels to the LPS jetty, and then by construction vehicles to the Project site via existing roads within LPS. Demolished equipment will also be transported off-site via marine vessels. As the demolition and construction works associated with the Project are small scale, additional marine traffic for equipment transport during the decommissioning/ demolition and construction phases of the Project is expected to be limited (no more than 1 to 2 vessel trips within every 2 days). With such limited number of vessel trips and requirements in Air Pollution Control (Marine Light Diesel) Regulation and Air Pollution Control (Fuel for Vessels) Regulation properly followed, adverse air quality impact with respect to marine vessel emissions associated with the Project is not anticipated.

3.8.2 Operation Phase

The predicted concentrations of maximum 1-hour NO₂ and annual NO₂, maximum 10-minute SO₂ and maximum 24-hour SO₂, maximum 24-hour RSP and annual RSP, as well as maximum 24-hour FSP and annual FSP under the “Without Project” scenario and “With Project” scenario under each of the four phases (i.e. Phase 1 to Phase 4) at the relevant assessment heights of each identified ASR are provided in Appendix 3B. The difference in predicted impacts between the “Without Project” scenario and “With Project” scenario under each of the four phases (i.e. Phase 1 to Phase 4) at the relevant assessment heights of each identified ASR are also detailed in Appendix 3B. The difference in predicted impacts between the “Without Project” scenario and “With Project scenario (Phase 1 to Phase 4) at all identified ASRs are summarised in Tables 3.11 to 3.14.

Table 3.11 Difference in Predicted Impacts between “Without Project” Scenario and “With Project” Scenario (Phase 1) at the Identified ASRs

ASR	Difference in Predicted Concentration (mg m^-3)
	Max. 1-hour NO2	Annual NO2	Max. 10-min SO2	Max. 24-hour SO2	Max. 24-hour RSP	Annual RSP	Max. 24-hour FSP	Annual FSP
A1	-22.71 to -22.67	-1.41 to -1.40	-3.64 to -3.63	-1.17 to -1.14	-1.32 to -1.29	-0.11	-1.32 to -1.29	-0.11
A2	-17.17 to -17.09	-0.81	-2.00 to -1.99	-0.59	-0.67	-0.06	-0.67	-0.06
A3	-20.20 to -19.71	-0.83 to -0.81	-4.59 to -4.47	-0.62 to -0.57	-0.68 to -0.63	-0.07 to -0.06	-0.68 to -0.63	-0.07 to -0.06
A4	-80.78 to -17.48	-1.00 to -0.59	-16.21 to -2.40	-1.33 to -0.19	-1.45 to -0.23	-0.11 to -0.05	-1.45 to -0.23	-0.11 to -0.05
A5	-17.26 to -17.24	-0.71	-2.64	-0.29	-0.35 to -0.34	-0.06	-0.35 to -0.34	-0.06
A6	-95.08 to -7.74	-0.66 to -0.61	-12.44 to -7.34	-1.39 to -0.73	-1.55 to -0.78	-0.07 to -0.05	-1.55 to -0.78	-0.07 to -0.05
A7	-12.76 to -12.45	-0.49 to -0.47	-1.48 to -1.44	-0.26	-0.30	-0.04	-0.30	-0.04
A8	-65.97 to -11.71	-0.72 to -0.42	-39.21 to -2.62	-2.17 to -0.20	-2.40 to -0.25	-0.14 to -0.03	-2.40 to -0.25	-0.14 to -0.03
A9	-107.26 to -11.03	-0.60 to -0.42	-16.47 to -1.94	-0.93 to -0.15	-1.05 to -0.18	-0.08 to -0.03	-1.05 to -0.18	-0.08 to -0.03
A10	-6.72 to -6.47	-0.40 to -0.39	-1.10	-0.27	-0.30	-0.03	-0.30	-0.03
A11	-138.55 to -10.37	-0.62 to -0.49	-16.79 to -7.91	-0.87 to -0.37	-0.90 to -0.40	-0.08 to -0.04	-0.90 to -0.40	-0.08 to -0.04
A12	-14.03 to -13.00	-0.21	-1.27 to -1.25	-0.12	-0.12 to -0.11	-0.02	-0.12 to -0.11	-0.02
A13	-51.82 to -13.99	-0.57 to -0.40	-10.68 to -2.62	-0.71 to -0.21	-0.77 to -0.25	-0.05 to -0.03	-0.77 to -0.25	-0.05 to -0.03
A14	-8.67 to -5.83	-0.20	-1.51 to -1.47	-0.07	-0.10 to -0.09	-0.02	-0.10 to -0.09	-0.02
A15	-73.87 to -9.84	-0.30 to -0.16	-9.77 to -1.36	-0.36 to -0.16	-0.30 to -0.18	-0.03 to -0.01	-0.30 to -0.18	-0.03 to -0.01
A16	-33.50 to -16.22	-0.71 to -0.45	-16.23 to -2.85	-1.50 to -0.25	-1.60 to -0.30	-0.07 to -0.04	-1.60 to -0.30	-0.07 to -0.04
A17	-7.19 to -6.08	-0.24 to -0.23	-1.56 to -1.47	-0.08 to -0.07	-0.10 to -0.09	-0.02	-0.10 to -0.09	-0.02
A18	-16.81 to -16.74	-0.33 to -0.31	-2.00 to -1.99	-0.17 to -0.16	-0.20	-0.03 to -0.02	-0.20	-0.03 to -0.02
A19	-19.37 to -19.22	-0.27	-3.13 to -3.12	-0.15	-0.18	-0.02	-0.18	-0.02
A20	-67.83 to -37.95	-0.34 to -0.28	-7.52 to -4.05	-0.45 to -0.24	-0.44 to -0.18	-0.03 to -0.02	-0.44 to -0.18	-0.03 to -0.02
A21	-13.37 to -13.23	-0.14	-1.51 to -1.50	-0.11	-0.13	-0.01	-0.13	-0.01
A22	-51.47 to -22.88	-0.89 to -0.55	-15.89 to -3.00	-0.99 to -0.28	-1.05 to -0.34	-0.09 to -0.04	-1.05 to -0.34	-0.09 to -0.04
A23	-66.44 to -19.69	-0.58 to -0.29	-17.46 to -2.35	-1.01 to -0.15	-1.06 to -0.17	-0.08 to -0.02	-1.06 to -0.17	-0.08 to -0.02
A24	-21.13 to -21.11	-0.25 to -0.24	-2.66	-0.13	-0.16	-0.02	-0.16	-0.02
A25	-15.80 to -15.67	-0.14	-2.09 to -2.03	-0.16	-0.18 to -0.17	-0.01	-0.18 to -0.17	-0.01
A26	-23.53 to -23.44	-0.12	-3.34 to -3.33	-0.18	-0.21	-0.01	-0.21	-0.01
A27	-13.41 to -13.39	-0.09 to -0.08	-1.60	-0.08 to -0.07	-0.09 to -0.08	-0.01	-0.09 to -0.08	-0.01
A28	-18.82 to -18.80	-0.10 to -0.09	-1.86	-0.10 to -0.09	-0.12	-0.01	-0.12	-0.01
A29	-25.25 to -12.29	-0.13 to -0.09	-2.35 to -1.47	-0.12 to -0.05	-0.10 to -0.06	-0.01	-0.10 to -0.06	-0.01
A30	-7.24 to -7.11	-0.13 to -0.11	-0.83 to -0.81	-0.08 to -0.07	-0.10 to -0.07	-0.01	-0.10 to -0.07	-0.01
A31	-36.76 to -9.05	-0.34 to -0.12	-4.82 to -1.05	-0.32 to -0.06	-0.36 to -0.07	-0.03 to -0.01	-0.36 to -0.07	-0.03 to -0.01
A32	-5.67 to -5.63	-0.14	-0.73 to -0.72	-0.06	-0.07	-0.01	-0.07	-0.01
A33	-42.30 to -14.10	-0.21 to -0.16	-6.23 to -2.07	-0.28 to -0.14	-0.33 to -0.12	-0.02 to -0.01	-0.33 to -0.12	-0.02 to -0.01
A34	-14.58 to -13.03	-0.22 to -0.18	-1.43 to -1.28	-0.11 to -0.10	-0.13 to -0.12	-0.02 to -0.01	-0.13 to -0.12	-0.02 to -0.01
A35	-9.44 to -9.31	-0.15 to -0.14	-1.14 to -1.12	-0.07	-0.08	-0.01	-0.08	-0.01
A36	-36.56 to -12.85	-0.36 to -0.17	-7.56 to -1.33	-0.87 to -0.11	-0.93 to -0.13	-0.03 to -0.01	-0.93 to -0.13	-0.03 to -0.01
A37	-70.63 to -2.58	-0.30 to -0.12	-11.56 to -1.17	-0.92 to -0.09	-1.05 to -0.11	-0.04 to -0.01	-1.05 to -0.11	-0.04 to -0.01
A38	-8.72 to -8.37	-0.10	-1.05	-0.07	-0.09 to -0.08	-0.01	-0.09 to -0.08	-0.01
A39	-7.80 to -7.71	-0.10	-0.91 to -0.90	-0.07 to -0.06	-0.08	-0.01	-0.08	-0.01
A40	-8.44 to -8.13	-0.09	-0.78 to -0.76	-0.06	-0.08	-0.01	-0.08	-0.01
A41	-8.43 to -8.01	-0.13 to -0.10	-0.81 to -0.80	-0.09 to -0.06	-0.09 to -0.07	-0.01	-0.09 to -0.07	-0.01
A42	-6.59 to -6.56	-0.12	-0.75	-0.09	-0.09	-0.01	-0.09	-0.01
A43	-23.72 to -10.46	-0.47 to -0.29	-2.60 to -0.90	-0.22 to -0.09	-0.24 to -0.11	-0.04 to -0.02	-0.24 to -0.11	-0.04 to -0.02
A44	-10.59 to -10.47	-0.27 to -0.26	-1.24 to -1.23	-0.11 to -0.09	-0.13 to -0.11	-0.02	-0.13 to -0.11	-0.02
A45	-13.23 to -13.22	-0.30 to -0.29	-2.18	-0.16 to -0.15	-0.19	-0.02	-0.19	-0.02
A46	-9.09 to -9.04	-0.22 to -0.21	-1.26	-0.11	-0.14 to -0.13	-0.02	-0.14 to -0.13	-0.02
A47	-8.97 to -8.91	-0.20	-1.04 to -1.03	-0.13	-0.15	-0.02	-0.15	-0.02
A48	-10.16 to -8.74	-0.26 to -0.22	-1.20 to -1.12	-0.10 to -0.08	-0.11 to -0.09	-0.02	-0.11 to -0.09	-0.02
A49	-13.57 to -13.17	-0.35 to -0.34	-2.16 to -2.02	-0.20	-0.25 to -0.24	-0.03	-0.25 to -0.24	-0.03
A50	-14.42	-0.23	-1.71	-0.11	-0.13	-0.02	-0.13	-0.02
A51	-16.65 to -16.58	-0.31	-2.25 to -2.19	-0.16	-0.18	-0.02	-0.18	-0.02
A52	-12.52 to -12.49	-0.22	-1.97	-0.13	-0.16	-0.02	-0.16	-0.02
A53	-9.78 to -9.66	-0.11	-1.16 to -1.15	-0.07	-0.08	-0.01	-0.08	-0.01
A54	-23.13 to -23.10	-0.36 to -0.29	-2.66	-0.20 to -0.14	-0.21 to -0.17	-0.03 to -0.02	-0.21 to -0.17	-0.03 to -0.02
A55	-13.67 to -13.57	-0.22	-1.58 to -1.56	-0.11	-0.12	-0.02	-0.12	-0.02
A56	-20.76	-0.22	-2.43	-0.12	-0.15	-0.02	-0.15	-0.02
A57	-20.04	-0.29 to -0.28	-2.35	-0.16	-0.19	-0.02	-0.19	-0.02
A58	-14.28 to -14.27	-0.31	-2.11	-0.15	-0.18	-0.02	-0.18	-0.02
A59	-11.61 to -10.52	-0.22	-1.84 to -1.78	-0.12 to -0.10	-0.11 to -0.08	-0.02	-0.11 to -0.08	-0.02
A60	-39.05 to -10.74	-0.41 to -0.24	-5.49 to -1.26	-0.41 to -0.08	-0.46 to -0.10	-0.04 to -0.02	-0.46 to -0.10	-0.04 to -0.02
A61	-5.23 to -5.00	-0.26 to -0.25	-5.60 to -5.05	-0.23 to -0.19	-0.31 to -0.27	-0.02	-0.31 to -0.27	-0.02
Notes: (a) Figures shown are the range of difference in predicted pollutant concentrations among all relevant assessment heights of each ASR between “With Project” scenario and “Without Project” scenario. (b) Negative values represent a reduction of predicted pollutant concentrations due to the new OCGTs (i.e. “With Project” scenario) compared with the existing units (i.e. “Without Project” scenario).

Table 3.12 Difference in Predicted Impacts between “Without Project” Scenario and “With Project” Scenario (Phase 2) at the Identified ASRs

ASR	Difference in Predicted Concentration (mg m^-3)
	Max. 1-hour NO2	Annual NO2	Max. 10-min SO2	Max. 24-hour SO2	Max. 24-hour RSP	Annual RSP	Max. 24-hour FSP	Annual FSP
A1	-26.67 to -26.63	-1.51 to -1.50	-3.55 to -3.54	-1.13 to -1.11	-1.34 to -1.32	-0.12	-1.34 to -1.32	-0.12
A2	-19.84 to -19.67	-0.88	-1.97	-0.58	-0.74	-0.07	-0.74	-0.07
A3	-26.87 to -26.31	-0.80 to -0.78	-4.56 to -4.44	-0.61 to -0.56	-0.72 to -0.67	-0.06	-0.72 to -0.67	-0.06
A4	-82.54 to -20.58	-1.14 to -0.70	-16.15 to -2.33	-1.33 to -0.18	-1.61 to -0.27	-0.12 to -0.05	-1.61 to -0.27	-0.12 to -0.05
A5	-20.87 to -20.84	-0.83 to -0.82	-2.57	-0.28	-0.40 to -0.39	-0.06	-0.40 to -0.39	-0.06
A6	-106.35 to -10.39	-0.74 to -0.69	-12.30 to -7.30	-1.36 to -0.72	-1.68 to -0.82	-0.08 to -0.05	-1.68 to -0.82	-0.08 to -0.05
A7	-14.66 to -14.33	-0.57 to -0.54	-1.44 to -1.39	-0.25	-0.34 to -0.33	-0.04	-0.34 to -0.33	-0.04
A8	-70.98 to -18.12	-0.82 to -0.49	-38.67 to -2.57	-2.11 to -0.20	-2.54 to -0.29	-0.15 to -0.04	-2.54 to -0.29	-0.15 to -0.04
A9	-127.25 to -15.66	-0.69 to -0.50	-16.26 to -1.90	-0.91 to -0.14	-1.12 to -0.21	-0.09 to -0.04	-1.12 to -0.21	-0.09 to -0.04
A10	-8.13 to -7.94	-0.45 to -0.44	-1.07	-0.26	-0.33	-0.03	-0.33	-0.03
A11	-138.09 to -12.87	-0.70 to -0.58	-16.50 to -7.69	-0.84 to -0.35	-1.01 to -0.44	-0.09 to -0.05	-1.01 to -0.44	-0.09 to -0.05
A12	-18.82 to -17.90	-0.25	-1.26 to -1.24	-0.12	-0.14 to -0.13	-0.02	-0.14 to -0.13	-0.02
A13	-62.22 to -17.14	-0.65 to -0.46	-10.70 to -2.55	-0.71 to -0.20	-0.84 to -0.28	-0.06 to -0.03	-0.84 to -0.28	-0.06 to -0.03
A14	-13.57 to -10.47	-0.25	-1.46 to -1.42	-0.06	-0.13 to -0.12	-0.02	-0.13 to -0.12	-0.02
A15	-81.08 to -11.74	-0.34 to -0.18	-9.70 to -1.32	-0.35 to -0.15	-0.33 to -0.20	-0.03 to -0.01	-0.33 to -0.20	-0.03 to -0.01
A16	-40.78 to -17.76	-0.80 to -0.53	-16.17 to -2.78	-1.48 to -0.24	-1.67 to -0.34	-0.08 to -0.04	-1.67 to -0.34	-0.08 to -0.04
A17	-13.20 to -11.75	-0.29	-1.46 to -1.41	-0.08 to -0.07	-0.16 to -0.15	-0.02	-0.16 to -0.15	-0.02
A18	-19.74 to -19.69	-0.39 to -0.37	-1.96 to -1.95	-0.16	-0.23	-0.03	-0.23	-0.03
A19	-23.94 to -23.80	-0.32	-3.07 to -3.06	-0.14	-0.21	-0.02	-0.21	-0.02
A20	-73.75 to -41.70	-0.38 to -0.32	-7.47 to -4.00	-0.44 to -0.24	-0.47 to -0.21	-0.03	-0.47 to -0.21	-0.03
A21	-15.95 to -15.81	-0.17	-1.48 to -1.46	-0.10	-0.15	-0.01	-0.15	-0.01
A22	-56.98 to -27.62	-1.01 to -0.63	-15.83 to -2.92	-0.98 to -0.28	-1.11 to -0.39	-0.10 to -0.05	-1.11 to -0.39	-0.10 to -0.05
A23	-75.18 to -22.82	-0.66 to -0.34	-17.03 to -2.29	-0.99 to -0.14	-1.11 to -0.19	-0.09 to -0.03	-1.11 to -0.19	-0.09 to -0.03
A24	-25.04 to -25.03	-0.29 to -0.28	-2.59	-0.13	-0.19	-0.02	-0.19	-0.02
A25	-18.69 to -18.55	-0.16	-2.07 to -2.01	-0.16	-0.19	-0.01	-0.19	-0.01
A26	-27.59 to -27.49	-0.14	-3.28 to -3.27	-0.18 to -0.17	-0.24	-0.01	-0.24	-0.01
A27	-15.77 to -15.75	-0.10	-1.56 to -1.55	-0.08 to -0.07	-0.10 to -0.09	-0.01	-0.10 to -0.09	-0.01
A28	-21.84 to -21.82	-0.12 to -0.11	-1.82	-0.10 to -0.09	-0.14 to -0.13	-0.01	-0.14 to -0.13	-0.01
A29	-27.21 to -14.25	-0.15 to -0.10	-2.31 to -1.43	-0.12 to -0.05	-0.11 to -0.07	-0.01	-0.11 to -0.07	-0.01
A30	-8.68 to -8.55	-0.15 to -0.13	-0.80 to -0.79	-0.08 to -0.07	-0.12 to -0.09	-0.01	-0.12 to -0.09	-0.01
A31	-41.39 to -10.59	-0.38 to -0.15	-4.78 to -1.02	-0.32 to -0.06	-0.39 to -0.09	-0.03 to -0.01	-0.39 to -0.09	-0.03 to -0.01
A32	-6.87 to -6.80	-0.17	-0.70	-0.06	-0.09 to -0.08	-0.01	-0.09 to -0.08	-0.01
A33	-49.80 to -15.63	-0.24 to -0.18	-6.07 to -2.04	-0.28 to -0.14	-0.35 to -0.13	-0.02 to -0.01	-0.35 to -0.13	-0.02 to -0.01
A34	-16.89 to -15.74	-0.26 to -0.22	-1.38 to -1.23	-0.10 to -0.09	-0.15 to -0.14	-0.02	-0.15 to -0.14	-0.02
A35	-11.00 to -10.88	-0.18 to -0.17	-1.12 to -1.10	-0.07 to -0.06	-0.09	-0.01	-0.09	-0.01
A36	-38.88 to -16.36	-0.41 to -0.20	-7.49 to -1.30	-0.86 to -0.10	-0.98 to -0.15	-0.04 to -0.02	-0.98 to -0.15	-0.04 to -0.02
A37	-71.34 to -3.37	-0.35 to -0.15	-11.29 to -1.14	-0.91 to -0.09	-1.21 to -0.12	-0.05 to -0.01	-1.21 to -0.12	-0.05 to -0.01
A38	-10.11 to -9.71	-0.12	-1.03	-0.07	-0.10	-0.01	-0.10	-0.01
A39	-9.20 to -9.10	-0.12	-0.88 to -0.87	-0.07 to -0.06	-0.10 to -0.09	-0.01	-0.10 to -0.09	-0.01
A40	-10.05 to -9.70	-0.11	-0.76 to -0.74	-0.06	-0.09	-0.01	-0.09	-0.01
A41	-10.04 to -9.56	-0.15 to -0.12	-0.79 to -0.78	-0.08 to -0.05	-0.10 to -0.08	-0.01	-0.10 to -0.08	-0.01
A42	-7.96 to -7.94	-0.14	-0.73	-0.08	-0.10	-0.01	-0.10	-0.01
A43	-24.71 to -12.33	-0.54 to -0.35	-2.58 to -0.87	-0.22 to -0.09	-0.26 to -0.13	-0.04 to -0.03	-0.26 to -0.13	-0.04 to -0.03
A44	-12.28 to -12.13	-0.33 to -0.31	-1.20 to -1.19	-0.11 to -0.08	-0.15 to -0.12	-0.02	-0.15 to -0.12	-0.02
A45	-16.23 to -16.22	-0.36	-2.13	-0.15	-0.22 to -0.21	-0.03	-0.22 to -0.21	-0.03
A46	-11.54 to -11.50	-0.26	-1.24 to -1.23	-0.11	-0.16	-0.02	-0.16	-0.02
A47	-10.76 to -10.69	-0.24 to -0.23	-1.01 to -1.00	-0.13	-0.17	-0.02	-0.17	-0.02
A48	-11.94 to -10.40	-0.30 to -0.26	-1.18 to -1.09	-0.10 to -0.08	-0.13 to -0.10	-0.02	-0.13 to -0.10	-0.02
A49	-16.28 to -15.87	-0.42	-2.11 to -1.98	-0.20	-0.29	-0.03	-0.29	-0.03
A50	-17.12 to -17.11	-0.27	-1.67	-0.11	-0.16	-0.02	-0.16	-0.02
A51	-19.41 to -19.31	-0.37	-2.20 to -2.15	-0.16 to -0.15	-0.22 to -0.21	-0.03	-0.22 to -0.21	-0.03
A52	-15.71 to -15.69	-0.27	-1.93	-0.13	-0.19	-0.02	-0.19	-0.02
A53	-11.40 to -11.25	-0.13	-1.14 to -1.13	-0.06	-0.09	-0.01	-0.09	-0.01
A54	-27.80 to -27.79	-0.42 to -0.34	-2.60 to -2.59	-0.20 to -0.14	-0.23 to -0.19	-0.03	-0.23 to -0.19	-0.03
A55	-16.28 to -16.18	-0.26	-1.54 to -1.53	-0.11	-0.14	-0.02	-0.14	-0.02
A56	-24.61	-0.26	-2.38	-0.12	-0.17	-0.02	-0.17	-0.02
A57	-23.72	-0.34 to -0.33	-2.29	-0.15	-0.22	-0.03	-0.22	-0.03
A58	-17.29 to -17.28	-0.37	-2.05	-0.15	-0.21	-0.03	-0.21	-0.03
A59	-16.64 to -15.79	-0.27 to -0.26	-1.75 to -1.69	-0.11 to -0.09	-0.14 to -0.11	-0.02	-0.14 to -0.11	-0.02
A60	-44.00 to -12.53	-0.48 to -0.29	-5.39 to -1.23	-0.40 to -0.08	-0.51 to -0.11	-0.05 to -0.02	-0.51 to -0.11	-0.05 to -0.02
A61	-7.10 to -6.82	-0.31	-5.53 to -4.98	-0.21 to -0.18	-0.36 to -0.33	-0.03	-0.36 to -0.33	-0.03
Notes: (a) Figures shown are the range of difference in predicted pollutant concentrations among all relevant assessment heights of each ASR between “With Project” scenario and “Without Project” scenario. (b) Negative values represent a reduction of predicted pollutant concentrations due to the new OCGTs (i.e. “With Project” scenario) compared with the existing units (i.e. “Without Project” scenario).

Table 3.13 Difference in Predicted Impacts between “Without Project” Scenario and “With Project” Scenario (Phase 3) at the Identified ASRs

ASR	Difference in Predicted Concentration (mg m^-3)
	Max. 1-hour NO2	Annual NO2	Max. 10-min SO2	Max. 24-hour SO2	Max. 24-hour RSP	Annual RSP	Max. 24-hour FSP	Annual FSP
A1	-30.62 to -30.58	-1.62 to -1.61	-3.46 to -3.45	-1.09 to -1.07	-1.37 to -1.34	-0.12	-1.37 to -1.34	-0.12
A2	-22.05 to -21.89	-0.96	-1.94	-0.57	-0.81	-0.07	-0.81	-0.07
A3	-31.51 to -30.72	-0.78 to -0.76	-4.43 to -4.33	-0.59 to -0.55	-0.75 to -0.70	-0.06	-0.75 to -0.70	-0.06
A4	-84.28 to -23.71	-1.27 to -0.81	-16.07 to -2.26	-1.32 to -0.18	-1.77 to -0.31	-0.13 to -0.06	-1.77 to -0.31	-0.13 to -0.06
A5	-24.48 to -24.44	-0.94	-2.51 to -2.50	-0.27	-0.45	-0.07	-0.45	-0.07
A6	-115.74 to -19.80	-0.83 to -0.77	-11.79 to -7.26	-1.34 to -0.71	-1.82 to -0.85	-0.09 to -0.06	-1.82 to -0.85	-0.09 to -0.06
A7	-16.60 to -16.24	-0.64 to -0.62	-1.39 to -1.35	-0.25	-0.37	-0.05	-0.37	-0.05
A8	-90.16 to -22.61	-0.92 to -0.56	-37.77 to -2.51	-2.06 to -0.19	-2.63 to -0.33	-0.16 to -0.04	-2.63 to -0.33	-0.16 to -0.04
A9	-146.61 to -24.09	-0.80 to -0.58	-16.03 to -1.87	-0.89 to -0.14	-1.19 to -0.24	-0.10 to -0.04	-1.19 to -0.24	-0.10 to -0.04
A10	-10.74 to -10.54	-0.51 to -0.50	-1.04	-0.26	-0.37 to -0.36	-0.04	-0.37 to -0.36	-0.04
A11	-136.06 to -15.40	-0.79 to -0.66	-16.26 to -7.03	-0.82 to -0.32	-1.16 to -0.48	-0.10 to -0.05	-1.16 to -0.48	-0.10 to -0.05
A12	-23.49 to -22.71	-0.30 to -0.29	-1.21	-0.12 to -0.11	-0.16 to -0.15	-0.02	-0.16 to -0.15	-0.02
A13	-72.33 to -20.32	-0.73 to -0.53	-10.57 to -2.49	-0.70 to -0.20	-0.91 to -0.32	-0.06 to -0.04	-0.91 to -0.32	-0.06 to -0.04
A14	-18.42 to -15.06	-0.30	-1.42 to -1.37	-0.06 to -0.05	-0.16 to -0.15	-0.02	-0.16 to -0.15	-0.02
A15	-88.10 to -13.65	-0.38 to -0.20	-9.58 to -1.28	-0.34 to -0.15	-0.36 to -0.21	-0.03 to -0.01	-0.36 to -0.21	-0.03 to -0.01
A16	-47.90 to -19.26	-0.90 to -0.61	-16.10 to -2.71	-1.47 to -0.24	-1.74 to -0.38	-0.09 to -0.04	-1.74 to -0.38	-0.09 to -0.04
A17	-17.90 to -15.85	-0.35 to -0.34	-1.36 to -1.31	-0.07 to -0.06	-0.23 to -0.21	-0.03	-0.23 to -0.21	-0.03
A18	-22.66 to -22.63	-0.45 to -0.42	-1.92 to -1.91	-0.16	-0.26 to -0.25	-0.03	-0.26 to -0.25	-0.03
A19	-28.50 to -28.37	-0.37	-3.01 to -3.00	-0.14	-0.24	-0.03	-0.24	-0.03
A20	-79.66 to -45.44	-0.43 to -0.36	-7.41 to -3.94	-0.44 to -0.23	-0.49 to -0.23	-0.04 to -0.03	-0.49 to -0.23	-0.04 to -0.03
A21	-18.52 to -18.39	-0.20 to -0.19	-1.44 to -1.43	-0.10	-0.18 to -0.17	-0.01	-0.18 to -0.17	-0.01
A22	-60.14 to -32.32	-1.12 to -0.72	-15.76 to -2.84	-0.96 to -0.27	-1.18 to -0.44	-0.11 to -0.05	-1.18 to -0.44	-0.11 to -0.05
A23	-83.90 to -25.96	-0.73 to -0.39	-16.61 to -2.24	-0.97 to -0.14	-1.17 to -0.21	-0.09 to -0.03	-1.17 to -0.21	-0.09 to -0.03
A24	-28.95 to -28.94	-0.33 to -0.32	-2.52	-0.13	-0.22	-0.02	-0.22	-0.02
A25	-21.52 to -21.37	-0.17	-2.05 to -1.99	-0.16	-0.20	-0.01	-0.20	-0.01
A26	-31.64 to -31.54	-0.16	-3.21	-0.17	-0.27	-0.01	-0.27	-0.01
A27	-18.15 to -18.12	-0.12	-1.51	-0.07 to -0.06	-0.11 to -0.10	-0.01	-0.11 to -0.10	-0.01
A28	-24.86 to -24.84	-0.13	-1.78 to -1.77	-0.09	-0.16 to -0.15	-0.01	-0.16 to -0.15	-0.01
A29	-29.17 to -16.21	-0.17 to -0.12	-2.27 to -1.39	-0.12 to -0.05	-0.12 to -0.08	-0.01	-0.12 to -0.08	-0.01
A30	-10.13 to -9.99	-0.18 to -0.15	-0.78 to -0.77	-0.08 to -0.07	-0.13 to -0.10	-0.01	-0.13 to -0.10	-0.01
A31	-45.99 to -12.13	-0.43 to -0.17	-4.73 to -0.99	-0.32 to -0.06	-0.42 to -0.10	-0.04 to -0.01	-0.42 to -0.10	-0.04 to -0.01
A32	-8.06 to -7.98	-0.20	-0.68 to -0.67	-0.06	-0.10	-0.01	-0.10	-0.01
A33	-51.87 to -17.17	-0.28 to -0.20	-5.94 to -2.01	-0.27 to -0.14	-0.36 to -0.15	-0.02	-0.36 to -0.15	-0.02
A34	-19.21 to -18.45	-0.30 to -0.26	-1.34 to -1.19	-0.10 to -0.09	-0.17 to -0.16	-0.02	-0.17 to -0.16	-0.02
A35	-12.55 to -12.45	-0.21 to -0.20	-1.10 to -1.08	-0.07 to -0.06	-0.11 to -0.10	-0.02 to -0.01	-0.11 to -0.10	-0.02 to -0.01
A36	-41.21 to -18.65	-0.46 to -0.24	-7.43 to -1.26	-0.85 to -0.10	-1.04 to -0.17	-0.04 to -0.02	-1.04 to -0.17	-0.04 to -0.02
A37	-72.07 to -4.21	-0.41 to -0.17	-11.02 to -1.11	-0.90 to -0.08	-1.39 to -0.13	-0.06 to -0.01	-1.39 to -0.13	-0.06 to -0.01
A38	-11.52 to -11.06	-0.14	-1.01	-0.07 to -0.06	-0.12 to -0.11	-0.01	-0.12 to -0.11	-0.01
A39	-10.61 to -10.49	-0.14	-0.86 to -0.85	-0.06	-0.11	-0.01	-0.11	-0.01
A40	-11.67 to -11.27	-0.13 to -0.12	-0.74 to -0.72	-0.06	-0.11 to -0.10	-0.01	-0.11 to -0.10	-0.01
A41	-11.65 to -11.10	-0.18 to -0.14	-0.76 to -0.75	-0.08 to -0.05	-0.11 to -0.09	-0.01	-0.11 to -0.09	-0.01
A42	-9.33 to -9.31	-0.16	-0.71	-0.08	-0.11	-0.01	-0.11	-0.01
A43	-27.17 to -14.21	-0.62 to -0.42	-2.56 to -0.85	-0.21 to -0.08	-0.28 to -0.15	-0.05 to -0.03	-0.28 to -0.15	-0.05 to -0.03
A44	-13.98 to -13.79	-0.39 to -0.37	-1.17 to -1.16	-0.10 to -0.08	-0.17 to -0.14	-0.03	-0.17 to -0.14	-0.03
A45	-19.21 to -19.20	-0.42	-2.08	-0.15	-0.24	-0.03	-0.24	-0.03
A46	-13.98 to -13.94	-0.31	-1.21	-0.10	-0.19	-0.02	-0.19	-0.02
A47	-12.54 to -12.46	-0.27	-0.98 to -0.97	-0.13	-0.19	-0.02	-0.19	-0.02
A48	-13.71 to -12.05	-0.34 to -0.30	-1.15 to -1.07	-0.09 to -0.08	-0.14 to -0.12	-0.03 to -0.02	-0.14 to -0.12	-0.03 to -0.02
A49	-18.98 to -18.57	-0.49	-2.06 to -1.94	-0.19	-0.33	-0.04	-0.33	-0.04
A50	-19.81	-0.31	-1.63	-0.11	-0.18	-0.02	-0.18	-0.02
A51	-22.18 to -22.06	-0.43	-2.16 to -2.10	-0.15	-0.25 to -0.24	-0.03	-0.25 to -0.24	-0.03
A52	-18.90 to -18.88	-0.32	-1.89 to -1.88	-0.12	-0.21	-0.02	-0.21	-0.02
A53	-13.02 to -12.83	-0.16 to -0.15	-1.11 to -1.10	-0.06	-0.10	-0.01	-0.10	-0.01
A54	-32.47 to -32.44	-0.48 to -0.40	-2.53	-0.19 to -0.14	-0.25 to -0.22	-0.04 to -0.03	-0.25 to -0.22	-0.04 to -0.03
A55	-18.89 to -18.80	-0.30	-1.50 to -1.49	-0.11	-0.16	-0.02	-0.16	-0.02
A56	-28.46 to -28.45	-0.30	-2.32	-0.12	-0.20	-0.02	-0.20	-0.02
A57	-27.39	-0.39 to -0.38	-2.24	-0.15	-0.25	-0.03	-0.25	-0.03
A58	-20.29	-0.43	-2.00	-0.15	-0.24	-0.03	-0.24	-0.03
A59	-21.62 to -20.99	-0.33 to -0.31	-1.67 to -1.61	-0.10 to -0.08	-0.16 to -0.13	-0.02	-0.16 to -0.13	-0.02
A60	-51.30 to -14.34	-0.55 to -0.34	-5.30 to -1.20	-0.40 to -0.08	-0.56 to -0.13	-0.05 to -0.02	-0.56 to -0.13	-0.05 to -0.02
A61	-8.92 to -8.60	-0.37 to -0.36	-5.45 to -4.90	-0.20 to -0.17	-0.41 to -0.38	-0.03	-0.41 to -0.38	-0.03
Notes: (a) Figures shown are the range of difference in predicted pollutant concentrations among all relevant assessment heights of each ASR between “With Project” scenario and “Without Project” scenario. (b) Negative values represent a reduction of predicted pollutant concentrations due to the new OCGTs (i.e. “With Project” scenario) compared with the existing units (i.e. “Without Project” scenario).

Table 3.14 Difference in Predicted Impacts between “Without Project” Scenario and “With Project” Scenario (Phase 4) at the Identified ASRs

ASR	Difference in Predicted Concentration (mg m^-3)
	Max. 1-hour NO2	Annual NO2	Max. 10-min SO2	Max. 24-hour SO2	Max. 24-hour RSP	Annual RSP	Max. 24-hour FSP	Annual FSP
A1	-34.55 to -34.48	-1.76 to -1.75	-3.40 to -3.39	-1.08 to -1.06	-1.47 to -1.44	-0.13	-1.47 to -1.44	-0.13
A2	-24.41 to -24.25	-1.05	-1.90 to -1.89	-0.56	-0.88	-0.08	-0.88	-0.08
A3	-35.62 to -34.84	-0.82 to -0.80	-4.37 to -4.26	-0.59 to -0.54	-0.80 to -0.74	-0.06	-0.80 to -0.74	-0.06
A4	-85.67 to -27.22	-1.42 to -0.93	-15.90 to -2.20	-1.31 to -0.17	-1.89 to -0.34	-0.14 to -0.07	-1.89 to -0.34	-0.14 to -0.07
A5	-27.96 to -27.91	-1.06	-2.44	-0.27 to -0.26	-0.50	-0.08	-0.50	-0.08
A6	-121.71 to -41.45	-0.93 to -0.85	-11.57 to -7.19	-1.32 to -0.71	-1.99 to -0.89	-0.10 to -0.06	-1.99 to -0.89	-0.10 to -0.06
A7	-18.79 to -18.43	-0.72 to -0.69	-1.36 to -1.31	-0.24	-0.41 to -0.40	-0.05	-0.41 to -0.40	-0.05
A8	-103.04 to -25.94	-1.03 to -0.64	-37.26 to -2.46	-2.03 to -0.19	-2.82 to -0.36	-0.18 to -0.05	-2.82 to -0.36	-0.18 to -0.05
A9	-155.65 to -27.29	-0.90 to -0.66	-15.76 to -1.81	-0.87 to -0.14	-1.29 to -0.27	-0.11 to -0.05	-1.29 to -0.27	-0.11 to -0.05
A10	-13.25 to -13.04	-0.56 to -0.55	-1.01	-0.25	-0.40	-0.04	-0.40	-0.04
A11	-142.24 to -18.35	-0.88 to -0.76	-16.03 to -6.62	-0.80 to -0.30	-1.31 to -0.52	-0.11 to -0.06	-1.31 to -0.52	-0.11 to -0.06
A12	-26.63 to -26.48	-0.35 to -0.34	-1.17	-0.11	-0.19 to -0.18	-0.02	-0.19 to -0.18	-0.02
A13	-74.81 to -23.69	-0.82 to -0.60	-10.48 to -2.43	-0.69 to -0.19	-0.96 to -0.35	-0.07 to -0.04	-0.96 to -0.35	-0.07 to -0.04
A14	-22.95 to -19.35	-0.36 to -0.35	-1.36 to -1.31	-0.05 to -0.04	-0.20 to -0.18	-0.03	-0.20 to -0.18	-0.03
A15	-93.40 to -15.69	-0.42 to -0.23	-9.49 to -1.25	-0.33 to -0.15	-0.40 to -0.23	-0.04 to -0.02	-0.40 to -0.23	-0.04 to -0.02
A16	-53.66 to -20.48	-1.01 to -0.69	-15.96 to -2.65	-1.46 to -0.23	-1.82 to -0.42	-0.10 to -0.05	-1.82 to -0.42	-0.10 to -0.05
A17	-23.11 to -20.74	-0.42 to -0.41	-1.29 to -1.24	-0.06 to -0.05	-0.28 to -0.25	-0.03	-0.28 to -0.25	-0.03
A18	-25.49 to -25.46	-0.51 to -0.48	-1.88 to -1.86	-0.16 to -0.15	-0.29 to -0.28	-0.04 to -0.03	-0.29 to -0.28	-0.04 to -0.03
A19	-32.96 to -32.85	-0.42	-2.94 to -2.93	-0.14 to -0.13	-0.27	-0.03	-0.27	-0.03
A20	-85.33 to -49.10	-0.48 to -0.41	-7.34 to -3.89	-0.43 to -0.23	-0.52 to -0.26	-0.04 to -0.03	-0.52 to -0.26	-0.04 to -0.03
A21	-21.01 to -20.88	-0.22	-1.41 to -1.39	-0.10	-0.20	-0.02	-0.20	-0.02
A22	-61.15 to -36.44	-1.25 to -0.82	-15.64 to -2.77	-0.95 to -0.26	-1.26 to -0.49	-0.12 to -0.06	-1.26 to -0.49	-0.12 to -0.06
A23	-92.34 to -29.14	-0.82 to -0.45	-16.40 to -2.19	-0.96 to -0.14	-1.24 to -0.24	-0.10 to -0.03	-1.24 to -0.24	-0.10 to -0.03
A24	-32.75 to -32.74	-0.37 to -0.36	-2.45	-0.12	-0.24	-0.03	-0.24	-0.03
A25	-23.82 to -23.66	-0.19 to -0.18	-2.01 to -1.95	-0.16 to -0.15	-0.21	-0.01	-0.21	-0.01
A26	-35.68 to -35.57	-0.18 to -0.17	-3.15 to -3.14	-0.17	-0.30	-0.01	-0.30	-0.01
A27	-19.37 to -19.14	-0.13	-1.48 to -1.47	-0.07 to -0.06	-0.12 to -0.11	-0.01	-0.12 to -0.11	-0.01
A28	-27.90 to -27.89	-0.15	-1.73	-0.09	-0.18 to -0.17	-0.01	-0.18 to -0.17	-0.01
A29	-31.18 to -18.23	-0.19 to -0.13	-2.23 to -1.35	-0.12 to -0.05	-0.13 to -0.09	-0.01	-0.13 to -0.09	-0.01
A30	-11.56 to -11.40	-0.20 to -0.18	-0.76 to -0.74	-0.08 to -0.07	-0.14 to -0.11	-0.01	-0.14 to -0.11	-0.01
A31	-50.30 to -13.76	-0.48 to -0.20	-4.68 to -0.96	-0.31 to -0.06	-0.45 to -0.11	-0.04 to -0.01	-0.45 to -0.11	-0.04 to -0.01
A32	-9.28 to -9.17	-0.23 to -0.22	-0.66 to -0.65	-0.05	-0.11	-0.02	-0.11	-0.02
A33	-55.70 to -18.94	-0.32 to -0.23	-5.84 to -1.99	-0.26 to -0.13	-0.40 to -0.17	-0.03 to -0.02	-0.40 to -0.17	-0.03 to -0.02
A34	-21.69 to -21.09	-0.34 to -0.30	-1.30 to -1.15	-0.10 to -0.09	-0.19 to -0.18	-0.02	-0.19 to -0.18	-0.02
A35	-14.02 to -13.94	-0.24 to -0.23	-1.08 to -1.06	-0.07 to -0.06	-0.12	-0.02	-0.12	-0.02
A36	-43.62 to -21.03	-0.52 to -0.28	-7.37 to -1.23	-0.84 to -0.10	-1.09 to -0.20	-0.05 to -0.02	-1.09 to -0.20	-0.05 to -0.02
A37	-76.22 to -6.84	-0.46 to -0.20	-10.82 to -1.08	-0.89 to -0.05	-1.54 to -0.15	-0.06 to -0.01	-1.54 to -0.15	-0.06 to -0.01
A38	-13.05 to -12.54	-0.16	-0.99 to -0.98	-0.07 to -0.06	-0.13	-0.01	-0.13	-0.01
A39	-12.08 to -11.95	-0.16	-0.84 to -0.83	-0.06	-0.13 to -0.12	-0.01	-0.13 to -0.12	-0.01
A40	-13.29 to -12.84	-0.15 to -0.14	-0.72 to -0.70	-0.06	-0.12	-0.01	-0.12	-0.01
A41	-13.20 to -12.59	-0.20 to -0.16	-0.74 to -0.73	-0.08 to -0.05	-0.12 to -0.10	-0.01	-0.12 to -0.10	-0.01
A42	-10.66 to -10.63	-0.18	-0.69	-0.08	-0.12	-0.01	-0.12	-0.01
A43	-29.47 to -16.08	-0.69 to -0.48	-2.53 to -0.82	-0.21 to -0.08	-0.31 to -0.17	-0.05 to -0.03	-0.31 to -0.17	-0.05 to -0.03
A44	-15.81 to -15.60	-0.44 to -0.42	-1.14 to -1.13	-0.10 to -0.08	-0.19 to -0.16	-0.03	-0.19 to -0.16	-0.03
A45	-21.97 to -21.96	-0.48	-2.02	-0.14	-0.27	-0.04	-0.27	-0.04
A46	-16.28 to -16.23	-0.35	-1.18 to -1.17	-0.10	-0.21	-0.03	-0.21	-0.03
A47	-14.15 to -14.06	-0.31	-0.95 to -0.94	-0.13	-0.21	-0.02	-0.21	-0.02
A48	-15.44 to -13.70	-0.38 to -0.34	-1.12 to -1.04	-0.09 to -0.08	-0.16 to -0.13	-0.03 to -0.02	-0.16 to -0.13	-0.03 to -0.02
A49	-21.64 to -21.23	-0.56	-2.01 to -1.89	-0.19	-0.37 to -0.36	-0.04	-0.37 to -0.36	-0.04
A50	-22.51	-0.35	-1.59 to -1.58	-0.10	-0.20	-0.03	-0.20	-0.03
A51	-25.12 to -24.97	-0.48	-2.10 to -2.05	-0.15	-0.27	-0.04	-0.27	-0.04
A52	-21.95 to -21.93	-0.36	-1.84 to -1.83	-0.12	-0.24	-0.03	-0.24	-0.03
A53	-14.65 to -14.42	-0.18	-1.09 to -1.08	-0.06	-0.11	-0.01	-0.11	-0.01
A54	-36.94 to -36.89	-0.54 to -0.45	-2.46	-0.19 to -0.13	-0.28 to -0.24	-0.04 to -0.03	-0.28 to -0.24	-0.04 to -0.03
A55	-21.45 to -21.36	-0.34	-1.46 to -1.44	-0.11 to -0.10	-0.18	-0.02	-0.18	-0.02
A56	-32.19	-0.34	-2.26	-0.11	-0.22	-0.02	-0.22	-0.02
A57	-30.97	-0.44 to -0.43	-2.18	-0.15	-0.28	-0.03	-0.28	-0.03
A58	-23.26 to -23.25	-0.48	-1.95 to -1.94	-0.14	-0.26	-0.04	-0.26	-0.04
A59	-25.99 to -25.43	-0.38 to -0.36	-1.61 to -1.55	-0.10 to -0.07	-0.19 to -0.16	-0.03	-0.19 to -0.16	-0.03
A60	-55.93 to -16.20	-0.62 to -0.39	-5.23 to -1.17	-0.39 to -0.08	-0.60 to -0.15	-0.06 to -0.03	-0.60 to -0.15	-0.06 to -0.03
A61	-10.37 to -10.01	-0.42	-5.28 to -4.72	-0.19 to -0.16	-0.48 to -0.45	-0.04	-0.48 to -0.45	-0.04
Notes: (a) Figures shown are the range of difference in predicted pollutant concentrations among all relevant assessment heights of each ASR between “With Project” scenario and “Without Project” scenario. (b) Negative values represent a reduction of predicted pollutant concentrations due to the new OCGTs (i.e. “With Project” scenario) compared with the existing units (i.e. “Without Project” scenario).

It can be seen from the assessment results that the predicted NO₂, SO₂, RSP and FSP concentrations at all relevant assessment heights for all identified ASRs under all four phases of the “With Project” scenario are lower than those under the “Without Project” scenario. Therefore, it can be concluded that the air quality impact during the operation of the Project would be lower than that during the existing operation.

As the air quality impacts at all identified ASRs are expected to improve as a result of the operation of the Project, cumulative assessment is not required to be carried out. Adverse air quality impact associated with the operation of the Project is not anticipated.

3.9 Mitigation Measures

3.9.1 Decommissioning/ Demolition and Construction Phases

The following dust control measures stipulated in the Air Pollution Control (Construction Dust) Regulation and good site practices will be incorporated into the Contract Specifications and implemented throughout the decommissioning/ demolition and construction phases:

n Impervious sheet shall be provided for skip hoist for material transport;

n The area where demolition work or any dusty work take place should be sprayed with water or a dust suppression chemical immediately prior to, during and immediately after such work as far as practicable;

n All dusty materials should be sprayed with water or a dust suppression chemical immediately prior to any loading, unloading or transfer operation;

n Dropping heights for excavated materials should be controlled to a practical height to minimise the fugitive dust arising from unloading;

n During transportation by truck, materials should not be loaded to a level higher than the side and tail boards, and should be dampened or covered before transport;

n Temporary stockpiles of dusty materials shall be either covered entirely by impervious sheets or sprayed with water to maintain the entire surface wet all the time;

n Stockpiles of more than 20 bags of cement, dry pulverised fuel ash and dusty construction materials shall be covered entirely by impervious sheeting sheltered on top and 3-sides;

n All exposed areas shall be kept wet to minimise dust emission;

n ULSD will be used for all construction plant on-site, as defined as diesel fuel containing not more than 0.005% sulphur by weight) as stipulated in Environment, Transport and Works Bureau Technical Circular (ETWB-TC(W)) No 19/2005 on Environmental Management on Construction Sites;

n The engine of the construction equipment during idling shall be switched off;

n Regular maintenance of construction equipment deployed on-site shall be conducted to prevent black smoke emission;

n All marine vessels fuelled in Hong Kong are required to operate using marine light diesel with sulphur content lower than 0.05% in accordance with the Air Pollution Control (Marine Light Diesel) Regulation;

n NRMMs, e.g. mobile generator and air compressor, shall comply with the prescribed emission standards with a proper label approved by EPD in accordance with the Air Pollution Control (Non-road Mobile Machinery) (Emission) Regulation; and

n Electric power supply for on-site machinery shall be provided as far as practicable for construction activities.

3.9.2 Operation Phase

Air quality impacts are expected to improve during the operation of the Project. With proper maintenance of the new OCGTs on a regular basis, specific mitigation measures during the operation phase of the Project are considered not necessary.

3.10 Cumulative Impact

3.10.1 Decommissioning/ Demolition and Construction Phases

The construction of the Hong Kong Offshore LNG Terminal is currently in progress and the associated land-based works at the Lamma Power Station Extension (LMX) may coincide with the decommissioning/ demolition and construction works of the Project. In addition, the proposed L12 and L13 at LMX are scheduled for commercial operation in 2023 and post-2023, respectively, and their construction may also take place during the decommissioning/ demolition and construction phases of the Project. As these land-based construction works, which are located entirely within the existing LPS and LMX, are relatively minor with limited excavation required, adverse cumulative air quality impact on ASRs outside of LPS (more than 800m away) during the decommissioning/ demolition and construction phases of the Project is not expected. Given that these land-based construction works would only generated limited and localised dust impacts and are of sufficient separation distance from the Administration and Control Building of LPS (more than 100m apart), adverse cumulative air quality impact on HK Electric staff in the Administration and Control Building is also not expected provided that good construction site practices and proper dust control measures are in place.

3.10.2 Operation Phase

Air quality impacts are expected to improve during the operation of the Project. Adverse cumulative air quality impact during the operation phase is not anticipated.

3.11 Residual Impact

3.11.1 Decommissioning/ Demolition and Construction Phases

Adverse air quality impact arising from the decommissioning/ demolition and construction works of the Project is not expected. There would be no adverse residual air quality impact during the decommissioning/ demolition and construction phases of the Project.

3.11.2 Operation Phase

Adverse air quality impact arising from the operation of the new units is not expected. There would be no adverse residual air quality impact during the operation phase of the Project.

3.12 Environmental Monitoring and Audit

3.12.1 Decommissioning/ Demolition and Construction Phases

With no adverse air quality impact anticipated to arise from the decommissioning/ demolition and construction works of the Project, air quality monitoring is considered not necessary. However, it is recommended to carry out regular environmental site inspections to ensure the implementation of the air quality mitigation measures and good site practices as recommended in Section 3.9.1 throughout the decommissioning/ demolition and construction phases.

3.12.2 Operation Phase

Adverse air quality impact is not anticipated during the operation of the Project. Environmental monitoring and audit during the operation phase is considered not necessary.

3.13 Conclusion

3.13.1 Decommissioning/ Demolition and Construction Phases

Fugitive dust emissions or emissions from construction plants and marine vessels as a result of the decommissioning/ demolition and construction works of the Project are expected to be limited. Due to sufficient separation distance between the Project site and the identified ASRs as well as the nature of the construction works, unacceptable dust impact is not anticipated to arise during the decommissioning/ demolition and construction phases of the Project. Dust control measures, proper site management and good housekeeping shall be implemented to further minimise any potential fugitive dust emissions.

3.13.2 Operation Phase

A comparative assessment has been carried out to evaluate the potential impacts of NO₂, SO_2, RSP and FSP from the operation of the Project (“With Project” scenario) under each of the four phases (i.e. Phase 1 to Phase 4) against those from the operation of existing GT2, GT3, GT4, GT6, GT57 (“Without Project” scenario). The assessment results show that the “With Project” scenario under all four phases leads to reduced impacts at the identified ASRs. Hence, adverse air quality impact during the operation phase of the Project is not anticipated.

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([1]) GIC – Government, institution or community

([2]) Air Quality Monitoring Statistics, HK Electric

([3]) GT57 is a CCGT consisting of two separate gas turbines GT5 and GT7 with two separate stacks.

([4]) PATH v2.1 Data Dissemination System (Data last updated in July 2021).

([5]) Air Quality Studies for Heathrow: Base Case, Segregated Mode, Mixed Mode and Third Runway Scenarios modelled using ADMS-Airport, 2007.

([6]) Richard A. Duffee, Martha A. O'Brien and Ned Ostojic (1991) Odor Modeling - Why and How. Page 295, Recent Developments and Current Practices in Odor Regulations, Controls and Technology. Air & Waste Management Association, 1991.