14 Conclusions

14.1 Conclusion of EIA Study

14.1.1.1 This EIA Report has provided an assessment of the potential environmental impacts associated with the construction and operation of the Project, based on the engineering design information available during the course of EIA study.

14.1.1.2 The assessment has been conducted, in accordance with EIAO-TM, covering the following environmental issues:

· Air Quality Impact

· Noise Impact

· Water Quality Impact

· Waste Management Implications

· Land Contamination

· Landfill Gas Hazard

· Hazard to Life

· Impact on Cultural Heritage

· Landscape and Visual Impact

14.1.1.3 The findings of this EIA study have determined the likely nature and extent of environmental impacts predicted to arise from the construction and operation of the Project. During the EIA process, environmental control measures have been identified and incorporated into the planning and design of the Project, to achieve compliance with environmental legislation and standards during both the construction and operation phases. The Implementation Schedule listing the recommended mitigation measures is presented in Appendix 12.1.

14.1.1.4 With the implementation of the mitigation measures, the Project would be environmentally acceptable with no unacceptable residual impacts on the environmentally sensitive receivers and resources. Table 14.1 below summarizes the key environmental outcomes and benefits that have accrued from the environmental considerations and analysis during the EIA process and the implementation of environmental control measures of the Project. Appendix 14.1 presents the summary of environmental impacts and Appendix 14.2 presents the summary of key assessment assumptions, limitation of assessment methodologies and related prior agreements with the Director.

14.1.1.5 The various sections of this EIA Report have presented the measures to minimize the potential environmental impacts associated with the Project throughout the construction and operation phases. The key measures to minimize the environmental impacts are summarized in Section 13.

14.1.1.6 An Environmental Monitoring and Audit (EM&A) programme has been developed to ascertain and verify the assumptions implicit to, and accuracy of, EIA study predictions. EM&A requirements have been recommended, where necessary, to check on project compliance of environmental legislation and standards. These are presented in a separate stand-alone EM&A manual.

Table 14.1 Summary of Key Environmental Outcomes and Benefits

Environmental Issue	Description
Environmental / Social Benefits of the Project	· The Project will widen individual road sections of the existing TWR and construct slip road to relieve the existing traffic congestion and cope with the anticipated future traffic demand.
Environmentally Friendly Design and Options	· Recommend to adopt precast concrete construction method for construction of viaduct which is a more environmentally friendly approach. · Implementation of Environmental Monitoring and Auditing System.
Air Quality Impact	Construction Phase: · Potential dust impact generated from construction activities, such as site clearance, demolition of the existing structure, and minor excavation with limited backfilling for column installation, wind erosion of the limited exposed area, and emission from PMEs would be minor. With the implementation of mitigation measures specified in the Air Pollution Control (Construction Dust) Regulation together with the recommended dust suppression measures and good site practices, no adverse dust impact at ASRs due to the construction activities of the Project is anticipated. Operation Phase: · Cumulative air quality impact arising from the operation of the Project such as vehicular emission from open roads, nearby chimneys and marine emissions within 500m study area has been assessed. The results concluded that the predicted cumulative NO2, RSP and FSP concentration on the identified ASR would comply with AQOs, except for 5 ASRs only. The results indicate the reduction of the annual NO2 concentration after the Project is in operation and noise mitigation measures are in place. As such, no adverse air quality impact arising from the operation of the Project is anticipated.
Noise Impact	Construction Phase: · The NSRs are protected with the implementation of quiet PME, movable barriers and full enclosure as well as good site practices during construction phase. The predicted mitigated noise levels comply with the noise standards at all NSRs during non-restricted hours and restricted hours. Operation Phase: · Although there is still predicted exceedance of the noise criteria at some of the NSRs under the mitigated scenario, with the implementation of noise mitigation measures including LNRS, vertical noise barriers/cantilevered noise barriers and semi/full enclosures on some Project roads, the exceedances were dominantly contributed by the nearby existing roads. The contributions from the Project roads at all NSRs are less than 1.0 dB(A) and the predicted noise levels at NSRs due to the Project roads would comply with the noise criteria. Thus, no adverse road traffic noise impacts arising from the Project would be anticipated. · The Project does not include any fixed noise source. No fixed noise impact would arise from the Project.
Water Quality Impact	Construction Phase: · The key potential sources of water quality impacts during construction phase include the wastewater from general construction activities, construction site run-off, construction works in close proximity of inland watercourses, accidental spillage of chemicals and sewage effluent from construction workforce. The potential water quality impacts could be mitigated and controlled by implementing the recommended mitigation measures. Regular site inspections should be undertaken to inspect the construction activities and works area to ensure the recommended mitigation measures are properly implemented. Operation Phase: · The key potential sources of water quality impacts during operation phase would be related to non-point source stormwater runoff from the new paved areas. Provided that the recommended mitigation measures for the drainage system are properly implemented, the associated water quality impacts are expected to be minimal and acceptable.
Waste Management Implications	Construction Phase: · Waste types generated by the construction of this Project are likely to include C&D materials, excavated land-based sediment, chemical waste from maintenance of construction plant and equipment and general refuse. Provided that these wastes are handled, transported and disposed of according to the recommended good site practices, adverse environmental impacts are not expected. Operation Phase: · It is expected that no waste will be generated during the operation phase of the Project. As such, it is considered that there should be no adverse environmental impact.
Land Contamination	· Based on the findings of the site appraisal, no land contamination impact arising from Project is anticipated.
Landfill Gas Hazard	Construction Phase: · Provided the safety requirements stated in Chapter 8 of the Landfill Gas Hazard Assessment Guidance Note are implemented properly, no adverse landfill gas hazard during construction phase is anticipated. Operation Phase: · No adverse landfill gas hazard during operation phase is anticipated and no precautionary measures are required.
Hazard to Life	According to the latest PHI register, YKTWTW is not considered as a PHI. No hazard to life assessment for liquid chlorine related issue is required for YKTWTW and no adverse impact during construction and operation phase is anticipated.
Impact on Cultural Heritage	Construction Phase · No built heritage resource is identified within the Project boundary or 100m assessment area. No impact during the construction phase and operation phase would be anticipated. No mitigation measure would be required. · No SAI is identified within assessment area. No archaeological impact would be anticipated. Thus, no mitigation measure would be required. Operation Phase · No impact to cultural heritage from the operation of the Project would be anticipated. Hence, no mitigation measure would be required for the operation phase.
Landscape and Visual	It is considered that the residual landscape and visual impact is acceptable with mitigation measures implemented during construction and operation phases.