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SECTION
3 NATURAL RESOURCES CAPITAL STOCK
| 3.6 |
Minerals,
Aggregates and Energy |
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| Energy
Use and Supply |
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| 3.6.1.5 |
Demand
for energy in Hong Kong can be classified
as arising from the residential, commercial,
industrial and transport sectors. The two
principal energy carriers for supply to
residential, commercial and industrial users
in Hong Kong are electricity and town gas.
The transport sector currently relies heavily
on diesel for trucks, buses and taxis and
petrol for private vehicles. A small amount
of electricity is used in rail public transport.
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| 3.6.1.6 |
The final electricity requirement in 1998
was about 35,000 GWh (125,000 TJ) supplied
by two government-regulated, investor-owned
companies, Hong Kong Electric Company (HEC)
and CLP Power (CLP) from three major power
stations in Hong Kong:
- Lamma
Power Station (HEC): 3,305 MW;
- Black
Point Power Station (CLP): 1,875 MW;
- Castle
Peak Power Station (CLP): 4,168 MW.
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| 3.6.1.7 |
Lamma
and Castle Peak are coal-fired steam plants
(although two units at Castle Peak have natural
gas burners retrofitted to the boilers) and
the units at Black Point are combined-cycle
gas turbines fired by natural gas piped from
an offshore field in the South China Sea.
In addition, under an arrangement with the
Guangdong Nuclear Investment Company, CLP
purchases approximately 70% of the electricity
produced by the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station
in Guangdong. CLP also have access to the
600 MW of pumped storage capacity in Guangdong.
HEC's capacity at the Lamma station includes
a small amount of open cycle gas turbines
and CLP have 300 MW of open cycle gas turbines
at Penny's Bay. |
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| 3.6.1.8 |
The
two sources of gas supply in Hong Kong are
Towngas (with around 76% of the market share
in energy terms in 1998) and liquefied petroleum
gas (LPG). Towngas is manufactured at two
sites in Hong Kong using naphtha feedstock
with a combined daily output capacity of 10.6
million cubic metres (ISD 1999) which is supplied
to customers by a mains system. LPG is currently
imported by sea and distributed in cylinders
by road transport although there are also
some small networks for piped local supply
of LPG in areas not connected to the main
town gas reticulated system. |
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| 3.6.1.9 |
Energy
demand statistics are generally compiled in
two forms. The final energy requirement represents
the amount of energy consumed by users for
all energy purposes, such as air conditioning,
lighting, cooking, and using machinery, but
excludes non-energy uses, such as the use
of kerosene as solvent. The primary energy
requirement refers to the overall energy consumption
within a geographic territory and includes
the energy accounted for in the final energy
requirement plus all energy used or lost in
the energy conversion and distribution processes. |
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| 3.6.1.10 |
Between
1988 and 1998, Hong Kong's final energy requirement
increased from 215,919 TJ to 390,747 TJ, an
increase of over 80%. The 1998 final energy
requirement was composed of 125,447 terajoules
(TJ) of electricity consumption, 23,943 TJ
of gas consumption, and 241,085 TJ of petroleum
combustion for the transport sector and 272
TJ from coal products. The total primary energy
requirement (taking into account coal products,
oil and gas products and imported electricity)
was 576,123 TJ in 1998, an increase of 55%
since 1988 (CSD 1998a). Changes in the economic
base of the area mean that the commercial
sector is now the largest energy consumer
with 59% of the share in 1998, with the domestic
sector consuming around 26%, and the remainder
supplying the industrial sector. |
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| 3.6.1.11 |
When
normalised on a per capita basis, energy consumption
statistics follow the same trend as shown
for primary and final energy requirements:
per capita consumption of primary energy requirements
rose from 66,165 MJ in 1988 to 86,153 MJ in
1998. |
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