Table D1 Plant species recorded in secondary woodland habitat within the Study Area (54 species recorded)
Species |
Growth Form |
Exotic |
Relative Abundance |
Acacia confusa |
T |
E |
++ |
Acronychia pedunculata |
T |
|
+ |
Bamboo |
H |
|
++ |
Blechnum orientale |
F |
|
+ |
Bridelia tomentosa |
T |
|
++ |
Brucea javanica |
S |
|
+ |
Canthium dicoccum |
T |
|
+ |
Celtis sinensis |
T |
|
+++ |
Cinnamomum camphora |
T |
|
+++ |
Clerodendrum cryptophyllum |
S |
|
++ |
Cratoxylum cochinchinensis |
T |
|
+++ |
Cymbopogon sp. |
G |
|
+ |
Cyperus spp. |
H |
|
+ |
Daphniphyllum calycinum |
T |
|
+ |
Desmos chinensis |
S |
|
+ |
Dicranopteris linearis |
F |
|
++ |
Dimocarpus longan |
T |
E |
++ |
Embelia laeta |
C |
|
+ |
Ficus hirta |
S |
|
+ |
Ficus hispida |
T |
|
++ |
Ficus microcarpa |
T |
|
+ |
Ficus variegata |
T |
|
+++ |
Helicteres angustifolia |
H |
|
+ |
Ischaemum sp. |
G |
|
+ |
Litchi chinensis |
T |
E |
+ |
Litsea glutinosa |
T |
|
+++ |
Litsea rotundifolia |
S |
|
++ |
Lygodium japonicum |
F |
|
+ |
Macaranga tanarius |
T |
|
+++ |
Mallotus apelta |
T |
|
++ |
Mallotus paniculatus |
T |
|
++ |
Melia azedarach |
T |
E |
+ |
Miscanthus sinensis |
G |
|
+ |
Mussaenda pubescens |
S |
|
+ |
Passiflora sp. |
C |
|
+ |
Pennisetum alopecuroides |
G |
|
+ |
Phyllanthus emblica |
T |
|
+ |
Pinus massoniana |
T |
|
++ |
Psychotria rubra |
S |
|
++ |
Pueraria lobata |
C |
E |
++ |
Rhaphiolepis indica |
S |
|
++ |
Rhodomyrtus tomentosa |
S |
|
+ |
Rhus chinensis |
T |
|
++ |
Rhus succedanea |
T |
|
+ |
Sapium discolor |
T |
|
++ |
Sapium sebiferum |
T |
|
++ |
Smilax china |
C |
|
+ |
Solidago virgo-aurea |
S |
|
+ |
Stephania sp. |
C |
|
+ |
Strophantus divaricatus |
S |
|
+ |
Tetracera asiatica |
C |
|
+ |
Tetradium glabrifolium |
T |
|
+ |
Uvaria microcarpa |
S |
|
+ |
Wikstroemia indica |
S |
|
+ |
Code for Growth Form/Exotic:
T=Tree, S=Shrub, H=Herb, C=Climber, G=Grass; E=Exotic
Code for Relative Abundance:
+++ = common, ++ = occasional, + = scarce
Table D2 Plant
species recorded in grassland/shrubland habitat within the Study Area (44
species recorded)
Species |
Growth Form |
Exotic |
Relative Abundance |
Aporusa dioica |
T |
|
+ |
Bidens pilosa |
H |
|
+++ |
Chloris batata |
G |
|
++ |
Cinnamomum camphora |
T |
|
+ |
Cirsium sp. |
H |
|
+ |
Cratoxylum cochinchinensis |
T |
|
+ |
Cynodon dactylon |
G |
|
+++ |
Desmodium pulchellum |
S |
|
+ |
Dicranopteris linearis |
F |
|
+++ |
Elephantopus tomentosa |
H |
|
++ |
Embelia laeta |
C |
|
++ |
Glochidion zeylanicum |
T |
|
+ |
Hedyotis auricularia |
H |
|
|
Ilex asprella |
S |
|
+ |
Imperata cylindrica |
G |
|
++ |
Lantana camara |
S |
E |
+ |
Leucaena leucocephala |
T |
E |
+ |
Litsea cubeba |
T |
|
+ |
Litsea glutinosa |
T |
|
+ |
Litsea rotundifolia |
S |
|
+ |
Lygodium japonicum |
F |
|
+ |
Mallotus apelta |
T |
|
+ |
Mallotus paniculatus |
T |
|
+ |
Melastoma candidum |
S |
|
++ |
Melastoma dodecandrum |
S |
|
+ |
Melia azedarach |
T |
E |
+ |
Mikania micrantha |
C |
E |
++ |
Mimosa pudica |
H |
|
++ |
Miscanthus sinensis |
G |
|
+ |
Panicum maximum |
G |
E |
+ |
Phragmites australis |
G |
|
+ |
Phyllanthus emblica |
T |
|
+ |
Psychotria rubra |
S |
|
+ |
Rhodomyrtus tomentosa |
S |
|
++ |
Rhus succedanea |
T |
|
+ |
Saccharum arundinaceum |
G |
|
++ |
Sapium discolor |
T |
|
+ |
Sapium sebiferum |
T |
|
+ |
Sesbania cochinchinensis |
H |
|
+ |
Smilax china |
C |
|
++ |
Solanum torvum |
S |
|
+ |
Tetradium glabrifolium |
T |
|
+ |
Wedelia triloba |
C |
E |
++ |
Wikstroemia indica |
S |
|
++ |
Code for Growth Form/Exotic:
T=Tree, S=Shrub, H=Herb, C=Climber, G=Grass; E=Exotic
Code for Relative Abundance:
+++ = common, ++ = occasional, + = scarce
Table D3 Plant species recorded in cultivated land within the Study Area (69 species recorded)
Species |
Growth Form |
Exotic |
Relative Abundance |
|
|
|
|
Active cultivated land |
Abandoned cultivated land |
Acacia confusa |
T |
E |
|
+ |
Alocasia macrorrhiza |
H |
|
|
++ |
Alternanthera sessilis |
H |
|
|
+ |
Amaranthus viridus |
H |
|
|
++ |
Amygdalus persica |
T |
E |
+++ |
+++ |
Apium graveolens |
H |
E |
|
+ |
Apluda mutica |
G |
|
|
+++ |
Archontophoenix alexandrae |
T |
E |
|
+ |
Asparagus officinalis |
H |
E |
|
+ |
Bambusa vulgaris var. striata |
T |
E |
|
+ |
Bauhinia blakeana |
T |
|
|
+ |
Bidens pilosa |
H |
|
|
+++ |
Brassica chinensis |
H |
|
++ |
|
Brassica juncea |
H |
E |
+ |
+ |
Bridelia tomentosa |
T |
|
|
+ |
Cassia tora |
S |
|
|
+ |
Casuarina equisetifolia |
T |
E |
|
+ |
Celtis sinensis |
T |
|
|
+ |
Clausena lansium |
T |
E |
+ |
|
Coix lachryma-jobi |
G |
|
|
+ |
Colocasia esculenta |
C |
E |
+ |
+ |
Conyza canadensis |
H |
E |
|
+++ |
Cuscuta japonica |
C |
|
|
+ |
Cynodon dactylon |
G |
|
|
++ |
Dimocarpus longan |
T |
E |
++ |
+ |
Eclipta prostrata |
H |
|
|
+ |
Ficus elastica |
T |
E |
|
+ |
Ficus hispida |
T |
|
|
+ |
Ficus variegata |
T |
|
|
+ |
Gladiolus gandavensis |
H |
E |
+++ |
|
Gossampinus malabaricum |
T |
E |
|
+ |
Gynura bicolor |
H |
|
|
+ |
Impatiens balsamina |
H |
E |
|
++ |
Ipomoea aquatica |
C |
E |
+++ |
++ |
Ipomoea batatas |
C |
E |
+ |
+ |
Ipomoea cairica |
C |
|
|
++ |
Ipomoea hederacea |
C |
|
|
+ |
Lactuca sativa |
H |
|
++ |
|
Lantana camara |
S |
E |
|
+ |
Leucaena leucocephala |
T |
E |
|
++ |
Ligustrum sinensis |
S |
|
|
+ |
Livistona chinense |
T |
E |
|
+ |
Macaranga tanarius |
T |
|
|
++ |
Melaleuca quinquinervia |
T |
E |
|
+ |
Melia azedarach |
T |
E |
|
+ |
Mikania micrantha |
C |
E |
|
+++ |
Miscanthus sinensis |
G |
|
|
+ |
Musa paradisiaca |
H |
E |
++ |
++ |
Neyraudia reynaudiana |
G |
|
|
+ |
Oxalis corniculatus |
H |
|
|
+ |
Panicum maximum |
G |
E |
|
++ |
Panicum repens |
G |
|
|
++ |
Paspalum conjugatum |
G |
|
|
++ |
Pennisetum alopecuroides |
G |
|
|
+ |
Pennisetum purpureum |
G |
|
|
+ |
Polygonum chinense |
H |
|
|
++ |
Polygonum hydropiper |
H |
|
|
+ |
Polygonum perfoliatum |
H |
|
|
+ |
Praxelis clematidea |
H |
E |
|
++ |
Ricinus communis |
S |
E |
|
++ |
Rumex maritimus |
H |
|
|
+ |
Sapium sebiferum |
T |
|
|
+ |
Scoparia dulcis |
H |
|
|
++ |
Solanum mammosum |
S |
E |
+ |
+ |
Solanum melongena |
C |
E |
|
+ |
Solanum nigrum |
S |
E |
|
+ |
Solanum torvum |
S |
|
|
+ |
Sporobolus fertilis |
G |
|
|
+ |
Triumfetta bartramia |
S |
|
|
+ |
Code for Growth Form/Exotic:
T=Tree, S=Shrub, H=Herb, C=Climber, G=Grass; E=Exotic
Code for Relative Abundance:
+++ = common, ++ = occasional, + = scarce
Table D4 Plant
species recorded in fishpond habitat within the Study Area (49 species
recorded)
Species |
Growth Form |
Exotic |
Relative Abundance |
Acacia confusa |
T |
E |
+ |
Alocasia macrorrhiza |
H |
|
+ |
Amaranthus viridus |
H |
|
+ |
Amygdalus persica |
T |
E |
++ |
Annona squamosa |
T |
E |
+ |
Artocarpus heterophylla |
T |
E |
+ |
Bidens pilosa |
H |
|
+++ |
Canna indica |
H |
E |
++ |
Carica papaya |
T |
E |
+ |
Cinnamomum camphora |
T |
|
+ |
Clerodendrum inerme |
S |
|
+ |
Conyza canadensis |
H |
E |
+++ |
Cyclosorus interruptus |
F |
|
+ |
Cyperus spp. |
H |
|
++ |
Dimocarpus longan |
T |
E |
++ |
Eclipta prostrata |
C |
|
++ |
Eleusine indica |
G |
|
+ |
Emilia sonchifolia |
H |
|
+ |
Eriobotrya japonica |
T |
E |
+ |
Ficus elastica |
T |
E |
+ |
Ficus microcarpa |
T |
|
+ |
Ficus variegata |
T |
|
+ |
Fimbristylis spp. |
H |
|
++ |
Lantana camara |
S |
E |
+ |
Litchi chinensis |
T |
E |
+ |
Macaranga tanarius |
T |
|
++ |
Mangifera indica |
T |
E |
+ |
Melia azedarach |
T |
E |
+++ |
Mikania micrantha |
C |
E |
+++ |
Mimosa pudica |
H |
|
++ |
Miscanthus floridulus |
G |
|
++ |
Miscanthus sinensis |
G |
|
+ |
Musa paradisiaca |
H |
E |
+++ |
Neyraudia reynaudiana |
G |
|
++ |
Panicum maximum |
G |
E |
++ |
Panicum repens |
G |
|
+++ |
Paspalum conjugatum |
G |
|
+++ |
Passiflora sp. |
C |
|
+ |
Pennisetum purpureum |
G |
|
++ |
Phragmites australis |
G |
|
++ |
Podocarpus nagi |
T |
E |
+ |
Praxelis clematidea |
H |
E |
++ |
Psidium guajava |
T |
E |
++ |
Pteroloma triquetrum |
H |
|
+ |
Rhynchelytrum repens |
G |
|
++ |
Saccharum arundinaceum |
G |
|
+ |
Sesbania cochinchinensis |
S |
|
+ |
Solanum nigrum |
S |
E |
+ |
Sterculia nobilis |
T |
E |
+ |
Code for Growth Form/Exotic:
T=Tree, S=Shrub, H=Herb, C=Climber, G=Grass; E=Exotic
Code for Relative Abundance:
+++ = common, ++ = occasional, + = scarce
Table D5 Plant
species recorded in marsh habitat within the Study Area (39 species recorded)
Species |
Growth Form |
Exotic |
Relative Abundance |
Acacia auriculiformis |
T |
E |
+ |
Acanthus ilicifolius |
H |
|
+ |
Achyranthes aspera |
S |
|
++ |
Acrostichum aureum |
F |
|
+ |
Ageratum conyzoides |
H |
|
+ |
Alternanthera sessilis |
H |
|
+++ |
Amaranthus viridus |
H |
|
++ |
Compositae |
H |
|
+ |
Conyza canadensis |
H |
E |
++ |
Cyclosorus interruptus |
F |
|
++ |
Cynodon dactylon |
G |
|
++ |
Cyperus malaccensis |
SE |
|
++ |
Cyperus spp. |
H |
|
+++ |
Derris trifoliata |
C |
|
+ |
Echinochloa crus-galli |
G |
|
+ |
Eclipta prostrata |
C |
|
+ |
Fimbristylis spp. |
H |
|
++ |
Ipomoea cairica |
C |
|
+++ |
Lantana camara |
S |
E |
+ |
Leucaena leucocephala |
T |
E |
+ |
Melia azedarach |
T |
E |
+ |
Mikania micrantha |
C |
E |
++ |
Mimosa pudica |
H |
|
++ |
Nerium indicum |
T |
E |
+ |
Paliurus ramosissimus |
T |
|
+ |
Panicum maximum |
G |
E |
+ |
Paspalum conjugatum |
G |
|
++ |
Paspalum sp. |
G |
|
+++ |
Pennisetum purpureum |
G |
|
++ |
Phragmites australis |
G |
|
+++ |
Pluchea indica |
H |
|
++ |
Ricinus communis |
S |
E |
+ |
Sapium sebiferum |
T |
|
+ |
Scoparia dulcis |
H |
|
+ |
Sida rhombifolia |
S |
|
+ |
Stachytarpheta jamaicensis |
S |
|
+ |
Triumfetta bartramia |
S |
|
+ |
Wedelia triloba |
C |
E |
+++ |
Xanthium sibiricum |
S |
|
+ |
Code for Growth Form/Exotic:
T=Tree, S=Shrub, H=Herb, C=Climber, G=Grass; E=Exotic
Code for Relative Abundance:
+++ = common, ++ = occasional, + = scarce
Table D6 Plant
species recorded in stream channel/nullah habitat within the Study Area (41
species recorded)
Species |
Growth Form |
Exotic |
Relative Abundance |
Acacia confusa |
T |
E |
++ |
Alocasia macrorrhiza |
H |
|
++ |
Artocarpus heterophylla |
T |
E |
+ |
Bidens pilosa |
H |
|
+++ |
Boehmeria nivea |
S |
|
+ |
Bridelia tomentosa |
T |
|
+ |
Celtis sinensis |
T |
|
+++ |
Cleistocalyx operculata |
T |
|
+ |
Conyza canadensis |
H |
E |
+ |
Cynodon dactylon |
G |
|
++ |
Dimocarpus longan |
T |
E |
++ |
Euphorbia hirta |
H |
|
+ |
Ficus elastica |
T |
E |
+ |
Ficus hispida |
T |
|
+++ |
Ficus microcarpa |
T |
|
+ |
Ficus
tinctoria subsp. gibbosa |
T |
|
+ |
Ficus variegata |
T |
|
+ |
Gossampinus malabaricum |
T |
E |
+ |
Ilex rotunda |
T |
|
+ |
Lantana camara |
S |
E |
+ |
Leucaena leucocephala |
T |
E |
++ |
Ligustrum sinensis |
S |
|
+ |
Litsea glutinosa |
T |
|
+ |
Lophostemon conferta |
T |
E |
+ |
Macaranga tanarius |
T |
|
++ |
Melia azedarach |
T |
E |
+ |
Mikania micrantha |
C |
E |
+++ |
Mimosa pudica |
H |
|
+ |
Musa paradisiaca |
H |
E |
+ |
Neyraudia reynaudiana |
G |
|
++ |
Panicum maximum |
G |
E |
++ |
Pennisetum purpureum |
G |
|
++ |
Polygonum chinense |
H |
|
++ |
Rhynchelytrum repens |
G |
|
+ |
Rhus hypoleuca |
T |
|
+ |
Ricinus communis |
S |
E |
++ |
Sapium sebiferum |
T |
|
+ |
Sesbania cochinchinensis |
S |
|
+ |
Sida rhombifolia |
S |
|
+ |
Sterculia lanceolata |
T |
|
+ |
Triumfetta bartramia |
S |
|
+ |
Code for Growth Form/Exotic:
T=Tree, S=Shrub, H=Herb, C=Climber, G=Grass; E=Exotic
Code for Relative Abundance:
+++ = common, ++ = occasional, + = scarce
Boldface = locally
rare/restricted
Table D7 Plant
species recorded in mangrove habitat within the Study Area (14 species
recorded)
Species |
Growth Form |
Exotic |
Relative Abundance |
Acanthus ilicifolius |
H |
|
+++ |
Aegiceras corniculatum |
S |
|
+++ |
Alternanthera sessilis |
H |
|
+ |
Brachiaria mutica |
G |
|
+ |
Cyperus malaccensis |
SE |
|
++ |
Cyperus spp. |
H |
|
++ |
Derris trifoliata |
C |
|
+ |
Excoecaria agallocha |
T |
|
+ |
Fimbristylis spp. |
H |
|
++ |
Ipomoea cairica |
C |
|
++ |
Kandelia candel |
T |
|
+++ |
Mikania micrantha |
C |
E |
++ |
Phragmites australis |
G |
|
+++ |
Pongamia pinnata |
T |
|
++ |
Code for Growth Form/Exotic: T=Tree,
S=Shrub, H=Herb, C=Climber, G=Grass; E=Exotic
Code for Relative Abundance:
+++ = common, ++ = occasional, + = scarce
Table D8 Plant
species recorded in disturbed/urbanised area habitat within the Study Area (137
species recorded)
Species |
Growth Form |
Exotic |
Relative Abundance |
Acacia auriculiformis |
T |
E |
++ |
Acacia confusa |
T |
E |
+++ |
Acacia mangium |
T |
E |
+ |
Aglaia odorata |
S |
E |
+ |
Ailanthus fordii |
T |
|
+ |
Albizia lebbeck |
T |
E |
+ |
Aleurites moluccana |
T |
E |
+ |
Allamanda cathartica |
S |
E |
++ |
Alocasia macrorrhiza |
H |
|
+ |
Alpinia zerumbet
'Variegata' |
H |
E |
+ |
Amaranthus viridus |
S |
|
+ |
Aporusa dioica |
T |
|
+ |
Araucaria heterophylla |
T |
E |
+ |
Archontophoenix alexandrae |
T |
E |
++ |
Artocarpus heterophylla |
T |
E |
+ |
Averrhoa carambola |
T |
E |
+ |
Bamboo |
H |
|
++ |
Bauhinia blakeana |
T |
|
++ |
Bauhinia variegata |
T |
|
++ |
Bidens pilosa |
H |
|
++ |
Bischofia javanica |
T |
|
+ |
Bougainvillea glabra |
C |
E |
+ |
Breynia fruticosa |
S |
|
+ |
Bridelia tomentosa |
T |
|
++ |
Calliandra haematocephala |
S |
E |
++ |
Caryota ochlandra |
S |
E |
++ |
Casuarina equisetifolia |
T |
E |
+++ |
Casuarina stricta |
T |
E |
+ |
Catharanthus roseus |
S |
E |
+ |
Celosia argentea |
H |
|
+ |
Celtis sinensis |
T |
|
+++ |
Chrysalidocarpus lutescens |
T |
E |
+ |
Cinnamomum burmanni |
T |
|
+ |
Cinnamomum camphora |
T |
|
+ |
Citrus maximum |
T |
E |
+ |
Clausena lansium |
T |
E |
+ |
Clerodendrum inerme |
S |
|
+ |
Clerodendrum viscosum |
S |
E |
+ |
Codiaeum variegatum |
S |
E |
+ |
Commelina nudiflora |
H |
|
+ |
Conyza canadensis |
H |
|
+ |
Cordyline terminalis |
H |
E |
+ |
Crataeva religiosa |
T |
E |
+ |
Cynodon dactylon |
G |
|
+++ |
Cyrtococcum patens |
G |
|
+ |
Delonix regia |
T |
E |
++ |
Desmodium triflorum |
C |
|
++ |
Dimocarpus longan |
T |
E |
+++ |
Diospyros kaki |
T |
E |
+ |
Duranta repens |
S |
E |
+ |
Eleusine indica |
G |
|
+ |
Eriobotrya japonica |
T |
E |
+ |
Eucalyptus citriodora |
T |
E |
++ |
Eucalyptus robusta |
T |
E |
+ |
Eucalyptus tereticornis |
T |
E |
+ |
Euphorbia hirta |
H |
|
+ |
Excoecaria cochinchinensis |
S |
E |
+ |
Ficus elastica |
T |
E |
++ |
Ficus hispida |
T |
|
++ |
Ficus microcarpa |
T |
|
+++ |
Ficus microcarpa 'Variety" |
T |
E |
+ |
Ficus rumphii |
T |
E |
+ |
Ficus superba |
T |
|
+ |
Ficus variegata |
T |
|
+ |
Fimbristylis sp. |
H |
|
+ |
Gossampinus malabaricum |
T |
E |
+++ |
Grevillea robusta |
T |
E |
+ |
Hibiscus spp. |
S |
E |
++ |
Hibiscus tiliaceus |
T |
|
++ |
Hymenocallis littoralis |
H |
E |
+ |
Imperata cylindrica |
G |
|
+ |
Ipomoea cairica |
C |
|
++ |
Ipomoea sp. |
C |
|
+ |
Ixora coccina var. lutea |
S |
E |
+ |
Jasminum mesnyi |
S |
E |
+ |
Juniperus chinensis |
T |
E |
+ |
Kyllinga sp. |
H |
|
+ |
Lagerstroemia speciosa |
T |
E |
+ |
Lantana camara |
S |
E |
+ |
Leucaena leucocephala |
T |
E |
++ |
Ligustrum sinensis |
S |
|
+ |
Liriope spicata |
H |
|
+ |
Litchi chinensis |
T |
E |
+ |
Litsea glutinosa |
T |
|
+ |
Lophostemon conferta |
T |
E |
++ |
Macaranga tanarius |
T |
|
+++ |
Mangifera indica |
T |
E |
++ |
Manihot esculenta |
H |
E |
+ |
Melaleuca quinquenervia |
T |
E |
+++ |
Melastoma candidum |
S |
|
+ |
Melia azedarach |
T |
E |
++ |
Michelia alba |
T |
E |
+ |
Mikania micrantha |
C |
E |
+++ |
Mimosa pudica |
H |
|
++ |
Musa paradisiaca |
H |
E |
+ |
Nephrolepis cordifolia |
F |
|
+ |
Nerium indicum |
T |
E |
+ |
Neyraudia reynaudiana |
G |
|
++ |
Oxalis corymbosa |
H |
|
+ |
Panicum maximum |
G |
E |
++ |
Panicum repens |
G |
|
+ |
Peltophorum pterocarpum |
T |
E |
++ |
Pennisetum purpureum |
G |
E |
+ |
Phoenix roebelenii |
T |
E |
+ |
Pinus massoniana |
T |
|
+ |
Plumeria rubra |
T |
E |
+ |
Praxelis climatidae |
H |
E |
+ |
Psidium guajava |
T |
E |
++ |
Psychotria serpens |
C |
|
‘+ |
Pyrostegia ignea |
C |
E |
+ |
Ravenala madagascariensis |
T |
E |
+ |
Rhaphiolepis indica |
S |
|
+ |
Rhapis excelsa |
H |
|
+ |
Rhododendron sp. |
S |
E |
+ |
Rhodomyrtus tomentosa |
S |
|
++ |
Rhoeo discolor |
H |
E |
+ |
Rhus chinensis |
T |
|
+ |
Ricinus communis |
S |
E |
+ |
Roystonea regia |
T |
E |
+ |
Saccharum arundinaceum |
G |
|
+ |
Sagetaria theezans |
S |
|
+ |
Salix babylonica |
T |
E |
+ |
Sansevieria trifasciata |
H |
E |
+ |
Sapindus mukorossi |
T |
E |
+ |
Sapium sebiferum |
T |
|
+ |
Schefflera arboricola |
S |
E |
++ |
Scindapsus aureus |
C |
|
+ |
Sesbania cochinchinensis |
H |
|
++ |
Solanum nigrum |
S |
|
+ |
Spathodea campanulata |
T |
E |
+ |
Sterculia lanceolata |
T |
|
+ |
Syzygium jambos |
T |
E |
+ |
Taxodium distichum |
T |
E |
+ |
Thevetia peruviana |
T |
E |
+ |
Triumfetta bartramia |
S |
|
+ |
Uraria crinata |
S |
|
+ |
Wedelia triloba |
C |
E |
+ |
Code for Growth Form/Exotic:
T=Tree, S=Shrub, H=Herb, C=Climber, G=Grass; E=Exotic
Code for Relative Abundance:
+++ = common, ++ = occasional, + = scarce
Table D9 Bird species recorded in Sha Po marsh by HKBWS (between 1995 and 1997) and by ERM (in spring 1997)(Carey 1996, 1998; Carey & Tai 1999; ERM 1998)
Common name |
Species name |
Commonness & Distribution |
White-breasted Waterhen 1 2 |
Amaurornis phoenicurus |
CW |
Teal 1 |
Anas crecca |
U |
Mallard 1 |
Anas platyrhynchos |
R |
Pintail 1 |
Anas acuta |
R |
Little Ringed Plover 1 |
Charadrius dubius |
CW |
Wood Sandpiper 1 |
Tringa glareola |
U |
Common Sandpiper 1 |
Actitis hypoleucos |
CW |
Plain Prinia 2 |
Prinia inornata |
U |
Yellow-bellied Prinia 2 |
Prinia flaviventris |
CW |
Magpie Robin 2 |
Copsychus saularis |
CW |
Rufous-backed Shrike 2 |
Lanius schach |
CW |
Black-necked Starling 2 |
Sturnus nigricollis |
CW |
Crested Myna 2 |
Acridotheres cristatellus |
CW |
Red-billed Starling 1 |
Sturnus sericeus |
U |
1 recorded by HKBWS between
1995 and 1997
2 recorded breeding in spring
1997 by ERM
Code for Commonness &
Distribution: CW = common & widespread, U = uncommon & localised, R =
rare & localised.
Table D10 Bird species with conservation value recorded in Meanders A and B near Ko Po Tsuen (Ecosystems Ltd. 2000a, 2000b)
Common names |
Species names |
Commonness |
Distribution |
Rarity |
Protection
status |
Meanders |
Chinese Pond Heron |
Ardeola bacchus |
C |
Occur in wetland habitats in Hong Kong, East Asia |
Local population declining |
None |
B |
Cattle Egret |
Bubulcus ibis |
C |
Occur in wetland habitats in Hong Kong, worldwide |
Local population declining |
None |
B |
Grey-headed Lapwing |
Vanellus cinereus |
R |
Found mostly in freshwater wetlands,
East Asia |
Local abundance declining Classified as “near-threatened” by Collar et al. (1994) |
None |
A |
Black-eared Kite |
Milvus lineatus |
C |
Occur in a wide range of habitats in Hong Kong, East Eurasia |
Local breeding population declining |
Class 2 Protected Animal of PRC, Appendix 2 of CITES |
A, B |
Kestrel |
Falco tinnunculus |
U |
Found in open country, Eurasia and Africa |
|
Class 2 Protected Animal of PRC, Appendix 2 of CITES |
B |
Greater Coucal |
Centropus sinensis |
C |
Occur in a wide range of habitats in Hong Kong, Oriental |
Very rare in China |
Class 2 Protected Animal of PRC |
B |
Lesser Coucal |
Centropus bengalensis |
U |
Occur in scrub- and tree-covered hillsides, Oriental |
|
Class 2 Protected Animal of PRC |
B |
Code for Commonness: C =
common and widespread, U = uncommon and localized, R = rare and localised
Table D11 Bird
species with conservation value recorded in Channels 60 CD (Contract B) and 43
CD. (Ecosystems Ltd. 2000b)
Common name |
Species name |
Commonness |
Distribution |
Rarity |
Protection status |
Channels |
Black-faced Spoonbill |
Platalea minor |
R |
Found mostly in the Deep Bay area, East
Asia |
Global population estimated to be about
600 birds in 2000, classified as “critically endangered” by Collar et al. (1994) |
Class 2 Protected Animal of PRC |
60CD |
Pheasant-tailed Jacana |
Hydrophasianus chirurgus |
R |
Found in marshes, South Asia |
Locally extinct as a breeding species |
None |
60CD |
Grey-headed Lapwing |
Vanellus cinereus |
R |
Found mostly in freshwater wetlands, East Asia |
Local abundance declining Classified as “near-threatened” by Collar et al. (1994) |
None |
43CD |
Buzzard |
Buteo buteo |
U |
Occur in a wide range of habitats in Hong Kong, Eurasia and Africa |
|
Class 2 Protected Animal of PRC Appendix 2 of CITES |
60CD |
Black-eared Kite |
Milvus lineatus |
C |
Occur in a wide range of habitats in Hong Kong, East Eurasia |
Local breeding population declining |
Class 2 Protected Animal of PRC Appendix 2 of CITES |
60CD |
Spotted Munia |
Lonchura punctulata |
U |
Occur almost everywhere except thick woodland, Oriental |
Local abundance declining |
|
43CD |
Code for Commonness: C =
common and widespread, U = uncommon and localised, R = rare and localised
Table D12 Nesting populations at Shui Mei and Au
Tau egretries in the 2000 breeding season (Kwok et al. 2001).
|
Little Egrets |
Chinese Pond Herons |
Total nests (% of total nests in Hong Kong) |
Au Tau |
21 |
7 |
28, (3.8) |
Shui Mei |
1 |
15 |
16, (2.1) |
Table D13 Bird
species and their abundance (no. of birds per ha) recorded in selected habitats
within the Study Area for the present study during April 2000 to March 2001.
Common name |
Species name |
Roadside plantation |
Cultivated land |
Fish ponds |
Marsh |
Stream channel |
Woodland |
Commonness |
Species recorded within
counting points |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Little Grebe * |
Tachybaptus ruficollis |
- |
- |
0.37 |
0.29 |
- |
- |
CW |
Cormorant * |
Phalacrocorax carbo |
- |
- |
0.52 |
- |
- |
- |
U |
Chinese Pond Heron * |
Ardeola bacchus |
- |
1.57 |
0.96 |
2.50 |
0.29 |
0.29 |
CW |
Little Egret * |
Egretta garzetta |
- |
0.59 |
1.99 |
1.47 |
- |
- |
CW |
Cattle Egret * |
Bubulcus ibis |
- |
0.79 |
- |
0.59 |
- |
- |
CW |
Intermediate Egret * |
Mesophoyx intermedia |
- |
- |
0.07 |
0.15 |
- |
- |
R |
Night Heron * |
Nycticorax nycticorax |
- |
- |
- |
0.59 |
- |
- |
U |
Great Egret * |
Casmerodius albus |
- |
- |
0.37 |
0.29 |
- |
- |
U |
Grey Heron * |
Ardea cinerea |
- |
- |
0.37 |
0.15 |
- |
- |
U |
Buzzard |
Buteo buteo |
- |
- |
0.07 |
0.15 |
- |
- |
U |
Black-eared Kite |
Milvus lineatus |
- |
- |
0.22 |
- |
- |
- |
CW |
Hobby |
Falco subbuteo |
- |
- |
0.07 |
- |
- |
- |
R |
White-breasted Waterhen * |
Amaurornis phoenicurus |
- |
0.79 |
0.29 |
0.59 |
0.44 |
- |
CW |
Moorhen * |
Gallinula chloropus |
- |
- |
0.29 |
- |
- |
- |
U |
Green Sandpiper * |
Tringa glareola |
- |
- |
0.29 |
0.59 |
- |
- |
CW |
Common Sandpiper * |
Actitis hypoleucos |
- |
- |
0.22 |
0.59 |
- |
- |
CW |
Little Ringed Plover* |
Charadrius dubius |
- |
- |
0.07 |
0.15 |
- |
- |
CW |
Fantail Snipe * |
Gallinago gallinago |
- |
- |
- |
0.74 |
- |
- |
U |
Redshank * |
Tringa totanus |
- |
- |
0.88 |
- |
- |
- |
U |
Black-headed Gull * |
Larus ridibundus |
- |
- |
1.40 |
- |
- |
- |
CW |
Greater Coucal |
Centropus sinensis |
0.29 |
- |
- |
- |
0.15 |
- |
CW |
Large Hawk Cuckoo |
Cuculus sparverioides |
0.29 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
0.59 |
CW |
Plaintive Cuckoo |
Cacomantis merulinus |
- |
- |
- |
- |
0.15 |
- |
U |
Koel |
Eudynamis scolopacea |
0.29 |
- |
0.07 |
- |
0.15 |
0.29 |
CW |
Black-capped Kingfisher * |
Halcyon pileata |
- |
- |
- |
0.15 |
- |
- |
U |
White-breasted
Kingfisher * |
Halcyon smyrnensis |
- |
- |
0.29 |
- |
- |
0.29 |
CW |
Common Kingfisher* |
Alcedo atthis |
- |
- |
0.07 |
- |
- |
- |
CW |
House Swift |
Apus nipalensis |
0.59 |
0.39 |
0.22 |
- |
- |
0.29 |
CW |
Feral Pigeon |
Columbia livia |
- |
0.20 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
U |
Spotted Dove |
Streptopelia chinensis |
- |
1.57 |
0.37 |
0.29 |
0.74 |
1.18 |
CW |
Barn Swallow |
Hirundo rustica |
0.29 |
1.18 |
1.10 |
0.44 |
0.59 |
0.29 |
CW |
Richard’s Pipit |
Anthus richardi |
- |
- |
0.66 |
- |
- |
- |
CW |
Red-throated Pipit |
Anthus cervinus |
- |
0.20 |
0.07 |
- |
- |
- |
U |
Olive-backed Pipit |
Anthus hodgsoni |
- |
0.20 |
- |
0.29 |
- |
- |
CW |
White Wagtail |
Motacilla alba |
- |
0.39 |
0.74 |
0.44 |
- |
- |
CW |
Yellow Wagtail * |
Motacilla flava |
- |
0.59 |
0.22 |
- |
- |
- |
CW |
Crested Bulbul |
Pycnonotus jocosus |
0.88 |
1.37 |
0.22 |
0.15 |
2.06 |
2.06 |
CW |
Chinese Bulbul |
Pycnonotus sinensis |
0.88 |
1.96 |
0.81 |
1.03 |
2.36 |
3.53 |
CW |
Red-vented Bulbul |
Pycnonotus aurigaster |
- |
0.20 |
- |
0.15 |
0.15 |
- |
CW |
Siberian Stonechat * |
Saxicola maura |
- |
0.39 |
0.22 |
0.15 |
- |
- |
U |
Grey Bushchat |
Saxicola caprata |
- |
0.20 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Magpie Robin |
Copsychus saularis |
1.47 |
1.37 |
0.29 |
0.44 |
1.18 |
0.29 |
CW |
Siberian Rubythroat |
Luscinia calliope |
- |
0.20 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
U |
Blackbird |
Turdus merula |
- |
0.39 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
U |
Grey-backed Thrush |
Turdus hortulorum |
- |
0.20 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
U |
Asian Brown Flycatcher |
Muscicapa dauurica |
0.29 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
U |
Plain Prinia |
Prinia inornata |
0.29 |
0.20 |
1.62 |
1.18 |
- |
- |
U |
Yellow-bellied Prinia |
Prinia flaviventris |
0.29 |
0.79 |
1.18 |
2.36 |
1.03 |
0.29 |
CW |
Arctic Warbler |
Phylloscopus borealis |
0.29 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
U |
Yellow-browed Warbler |
Phylloscopus inornata |
0.29 |
0.39 |
- |
- |
0.15 |
0.29 |
CW |
Common Tailorbird |
Orthotomus sutorius |
0.88 |
- |
0.29 |
0.15 |
0.59 |
0.59 |
CW |
Dusky Warbler |
Phylloscopus fuscatus |
- |
- |
- |
0.29 |
- |
- |
U |
Black-faced Laughingthrush |
Garrulax perspicillatus |
- |
1.57 |
- |
0.44 |
- |
- |
CW |
Great Tit |
Parus major |
0.88 |
- |
- |
- |
0.74 |
- |
CW |
Rufous-backed Shrike |
Lanius schach |
0.59 |
0.59 |
0.44 |
0.88 |
- |
0.29 |
CW |
Japanese White-eye |
Zosterops japonica |
0.88 |
0.98 |
0.15 |
0.15 |
2.50 |
2.94 |
CW |
Fork-tailed sunbird |
Aethopyga christinae |
0.29 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
U |
Hair-crested Drongo |
Dicrurus hottentottus |
0.29 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
U |
Black Drongo |
Dicrurus macrocercus |
- |
- |
0.29 |
0.29 |
0.15 |
- |
CW |
Collared Crow |
Corvus torquata |
- |
- |
0.15 |
- |
- |
- |
U |
Jungle Crow |
Corvus macrorhynchus |
- |
- |
0.07 |
- |
- |
- |
CW |
Magpie |
Pica pica |
- |
0.20 |
0.07 |
0.15 |
- |
1.18 |
CW |
Crested Myna |
Acridotheres cristatellus |
0.29 |
1.37 |
0.44 |
1.47 |
0.15 |
0.88 |
CW |
Common Myna |
Acridotheres tristis |
- |
0.98 |
- |
0.29 |
0.15 |
- |
R |
Black-necked Starling |
Sturnus nigricollis |
- |
1.57 |
1.40 |
0.15 |
0.15 |
0.29 |
CW |
Red-billed Starling |
Sturnus sericeus |
- |
- |
8.10 |
- |
- |
- |
U |
Tree Sparrow |
Passer montanus |
0.59 |
4.71 |
0.44 |
0.29 |
1.77 |
0.59 |
CW |
White-backed Munia |
Lonchura striata |
- |
- |
- |
- |
0.15 |
- |
U |
Spotted Munia |
Lonchura punctulata |
- |
- |
- |
0.29 |
2.50 |
- |
U |
Masked Bunting |
Emberiza spodocephala |
- |
- |
0.07 |
- |
- |
- |
CW |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Species recorded outside
counting points |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#Chinese Pond Heron * |
Ardeola bacchus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
CW |
#Little Egret * |
Egretta garzetta |
|
|
|
|
|
|
CW |
Avocet * |
Recurvirostra avosetta |
|
|
|
|
|
|
R |
Black-faced Spoonbill * |
Platalea minor |
|
|
|
|
|
|
R |
Imperial Eagle |
Aquila heliaca |
|
|
|
|
|
|
R |
#White-breasted
#Waterhen * |
Amaurornis phoenicurus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
CW |
#Common Sandpiper* |
Actitis hypoleucos |
|
|
|
|
|
|
CW |
#Feral Pigeon |
Columbia livia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
U |
#Spotted Dove |
Streptopelia chinensis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
CW |
#Barn Swallow |
Hirundo rustica |
|
|
|
|
|
|
CW |
#Olive-backed Pipit |
Anthus hodgsoni |
|
|
|
|
|
|
CW |
#White Wagtail |
Motacilla alba |
|
|
|
|
|
|
CW |
#Crested Bulbul |
Pycnonotus jocosus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
CW |
#Chinese Bulbul |
Pycnonotus sinensis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
CW |
#Yellow-bellied Prinia |
Prinia flaviventris |
|
|
|
|
|
|
CW |
#Yellow-browed Warbler |
Phylloscopus inornata |
|
|
|
|
|
|
CW |
#Common Tailorbird |
Orthotomus sutorius |
|
|
|
|
|
|
CW |
#Magpie |
Pica pica |
|
|
|
|
|
|
CW |
#Tree Sparrow |
Passer montanus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
CW |
Total species = 73
Wetland dependent species are
indicated by *.
Species recorded in and
outside counting points are indicated by #
Code for Commonness &
Distribution: CW
= common and widespread, U = uncommon and localised, R = rare and localised.
Table D14 Bird
species and their abundance recorded within the Study Area during April 2000 to
March 2001.
Common name |
Apr 00 |
May 00 |
June 00 |
July 00 |
Aug 00 |
Sept 00 |
Oct 00 |
Nov 00 |
Dec 00 |
Jan 01 |
Feb 01 |
Mar 01 |
Little Grebe |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
Cormorant |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
2 |
Chinese Pond Heron |
4 |
5 |
4 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
5 |
|
8 |
2 |
5 |
Little Egret |
1 |
4 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
15 |
|
|
8 |
3 |
Cattle Egret |
2 |
3 |
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Intermediate Egret |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Night Heron |
|
|
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Great Egret |
|
1 |
|
2 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
Grey Heron |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
2 |
|
2 |
Buzzard |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
1 |
Black-eared Kite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
1 |
1 |
Hobby |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
White-breasted Waterhen |
2 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
|
1 |
3 |
1 |
2 |
|
|
|
Moorhen |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
1 |
|
|
Green Sandpiper |
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
2 |
Common Sandpiper |
|
1 |
|
|
1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
Little Ringed Plover |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
Fantail Snipe |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
1 |
Redshank |
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
Black-headed Gull |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
19 |
|
|
|
Greater Coucal |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Large Hawk Cuckoo |
|
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Plaintive Cuckoo |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Koel |
|
2 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Black-capped Kingfisher |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
White-breasted Kingfisher |
|
|
|
1 |
2 |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
Common Kingfisher |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
House Swift |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
2 |
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
Feral Pigeon |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
Spotted Dove |
2 |
2 |
4 |
4 |
3 |
2 |
|
3 |
|
|
3 |
1 |
Barn Swallow |
16 |
3 |
5 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
Richard’s Pipit |
7 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
Red-throated Pipit |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Olive-backed Pipit |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
White Wagtail |
|
|
|
2 |
1 |
3 |
4 |
4 |
|
1 |
|
|
Yellow Wagtail |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
4 |
|
Crested Bulbul |
|
14 |
2 |
6 |
2 |
1 |
|
2 |
|
4 |
1 |
3 |
Chinese Bulbul |
10 |
11 |
1 |
8 |
3 |
1 |
7 |
5 |
5 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
Red-vented Bulbul |
|
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
Siberian Stonechat |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
1 |
|
1 |
Grey Bushchat |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
Magpie Robin |
4 |
8 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
3 |
|
3 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
|
Siberian Rubythroat |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
Blackbird |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
Grey-backed Thrush |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
Asian Brown Flycatcher |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
Plain Prinia |
5 |
5 |
6 |
6 |
2 |
1 |
|
|
|
2 |
2 |
3 |
Yellow-bellied Prinia |
3 |
9 |
5 |
4 |
2 |
2 |
4 |
4 |
2 |
2 |
4 |
4 |
Arctic Warbler |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
Yellow-browed Warbler |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
2 |
|
Common Tailorbird |
|
2 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
5 |
1 |
|
|
2 |
|
|
Dusky Warbler |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
1 |
|
Black-faced Laughingthrush |
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Great Tit |
1 |
1 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
2 |
|
|
1 |
1 |
|
Rufous-backed Shrike |
1 |
1 |
4 |
4 |
2 |
1 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
Japanese White-eye |
2 |
3 |
5 |
10 |
2 |
3 |
|
1 |
|
6 |
6 |
|
Fork-tailed sunbird |
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hair-crested Drongo |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Black Drongo |
|
3 |
|
1 |
2 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Collared Crow |
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jungle Crow |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Magpie |
2 |
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
Crested Myna |
1 |
2 |
2 |
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
15 |
Common Myna |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Black-necked Starling |
5 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
|
4 |
|
13 |
1 |
|
|
Red-billed Starling |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
110 |
|
|
|
Tree Sparrow |
8 |
11 |
6 |
5 |
1 |
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
12 |
White-backed Munia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
Spotted Munia |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
2 |
|
6 |
|
|
10 |
Masked Bunting |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
Table D15 Rare
and conservationally important bird species recorded in the Study Area during April 2000
to March 2001.
Species |
Location (refer to Figure 8.4f) |
Commonness |
Distribution |
Rarity (Viney et al. 1996; Yan et al. 1996) |
Protection status * |
Black-eared Kite |
Middle of S6 |
C |
Occur in a wide range of habitats in Hong Kong, East Eurasia |
Local breeding population declining |
Class 2 Protected Animal of PRC Appendix 2 of CITES |
Buzzard |
Near Lut Chau on S6 and P2 |
U |
Occur in a wide range of habitats in Hong Kong, Eurasia and Africa |
Locally uncommon |
Class 2 Protected Animal of PRC Appendix 2 of CITES |
Hobby |
Near Lut Chau on S6 |
R |
Occur in open areas in Hong Kong, Eurasia and Africa |
Locally rare |
Class 2 Protected Animal of PRC Appendix 2 of CITES |
Intermediate Egret 1 |
Near |
R |
Deep Bay area in Hong Kong, Asia, Africa and Australasia |
Regionally rare |
|
Avocet 1, 2 |
Lut Chau |
R |
Mainly in Deep Bay area, Eurasia and Africa |
Locally |
|
Black-faced Spoonbill 1, 2 |
Lut Chau |
R |
Found mostly in the Deep Bay area, East Asia |
Locally rare; Global population estimated to be about 600 birds,
classified as “endangered” by BirdLife International (2000) |
Class 2 Protected Animal of PRC |
Imperial Eagle 2 |
Lut Chau |
U |
Northern New Territories, Eurasia and Africa |
Locally uncommon; Classified as “vulnerable” by BirdLife
International (2000) |
Class 1 Protected Animal of PRC Appendix 1 of CITES |
*
All birds in Hong Kong are protected under the Wild Animals Protection
Ordinance (Cap. 170).
Wetland dependent species are
indicated by 1
Species recorded outside
counting points but within the Study Area are indicated by 2
P = pumping station
S = sewer/rising main
Commonness: U = uncommon and
localised, R = rare and localised.
Table D16 Records of birds showing breeding activity within the Study Area during April 2000 to March 2001.
Common name |
Location |
Habitat type |
Commonness |
Observation |
Common Myna |
S2 |
Cultivated lands |
U |
Recently fledged juveniles |
Plain Prinia |
S6 |
Fish ponds |
U |
Recently fledged juveniles |
Yellow-bellied Prinia |
S6 |
Fish ponds |
CW |
Recently fledged juveniles |
P = pumping station
S = sewer/rising main
Commonness: CW = common and
widespread, U = uncommon and localised
Table D17 Butterfly species recorded within the Study Area for the present study during April 2000 to March 2001 (11 species recorded).
Common name |
Latin name |
Commonness |
Element recorded |
Relative abundance |
Blue Spotted Crow |
Euploea midamus |
VC |
P4 |
I |
|
|
|
P6 |
I |
Great Eggfly |
Hypolimnas bolina |
C |
S2 |
I |
|
|
|
S6 |
I |
|
|
|
P6 |
I |
Peacock Pansy |
Junonia almana |
C |
S6 |
I |
Blue Pansy |
Junonia orithya |
UC |
Along S2 |
I |
Angled Castor |
Ariadne ariadne |
C |
S2 |
II |
|
|
|
P4 |
I |
Common Mormon |
Papilio polytes |
VC |
P3 |
I |
|
|
|
P4 |
I |
|
|
|
P6 |
I |
Common Bluebottle |
Graphium sarpedon |
VC |
S6 |
I |
|
|
|
P4 |
I |
Great Orange Tip |
Hebomoia glaucippe |
C |
P4 |
I |
Common White |
Artogeia canidia |
VC |
P2 |
I |
|
|
|
P3 |
I |
|
|
|
P5 |
I |
|
|
|
P6 |
I |
|
|
|
S2 |
II |
Common Yellow |
Eurema hecabe |
VC |
S6 |
I |
|
|
|
S2 |
II |
|
|
|
P2 |
I |
|
|
|
P3 |
I |
|
|
|
P4 |
I |
|
|
|
P6 |
I |
Common Black Jezebel |
Delias pasithoe |
C |
S2 |
II |
|
|
|
P4 |
I |
|
|
|
P6 |
I |
Commonness: C = common, VC = very common
(Walthew 1997)
P = pumping station
S = sewer/rising main
Relative abundance: I =
1-10 individuals
II
= 11-30 individuals
Table D18 Dragonfly species recorded within the Study Area by Wilson (1997) and by the present study during April 2000 to March 2001 (12 species recorded).
|
Species |
Commonness |
Recording Location |
Relative abundance |
Wilson 1997 |
Epopthalmia elegans |
FC, W |
Au Tau |
|
|
Crocothemis servilia |
C, W |
Au Tau |
|
|
Tholymis tillarga |
C, W |
Au Tau |
|
|
Zyxomma petiolatum |
FC, W |
Au Tau |
|
|
Brachydiplax chalybea* |
C, W |
Au Tau |
|
The present study |
Ischnura senegalensis |
A, W |
P4 |
I |
|
|
|
P2 |
I |
|
|
|
P6 |
I |
|
|
|
S2 |
I |
|
|
|
S6 |
I |
|
Ictinogomphus pertinax |
FC, W |
S6 |
I |
|
Brachythemis contaminata |
A, W |
P4 |
I |
|
|
|
P6 |
I |
|
|
|
S2 |
I |
|
Orthetrum glaucum |
A, W |
P4 |
I |
|
Orthetrum chrysis |
C, W |
P5 |
I |
|
Orthetrum pruinosum |
A, W |
P4 |
I |
|
Orthetrum sabina |
A, W |
P4 |
I |
|
|
|
P5 |
I |
|
|
|
P6 |
I |
|
|
|
S2 |
I |
|
|
|
S6 |
I |
|
Rhyothemis variegata |
C, W |
P2 |
I |
|
|
|
P4 |
I |
|
|
|
P5 |
I |
|
|
|
P6 |
I |
|
|
|
S6 |
I |
|
Trithemis aurora |
A, W |
P4 |
I |
|
Neurothemis fulvia |
FC, W |
S6 |
I |
|
Pantala flavescens |
A, W |
S6 |
II |
|
|
|
P2 |
I |
|
|
|
P5 |
|
|
|
|
P6 |
I |
|
|
|
S2 |
I |
|
Tramea virginia |
C, W |
P2 |
I |
|
|
|
P5 |
I |
|
|
|
P6 |
I |
|
|
|
S6 |
I |
* recorded by both Wilson
(1997) and the present study
Commonness: A = abundant, C =
common, FC = fairly common, W = widespread (Wilson 1997)
P = pumping station
S = sewer/rising main
Relative abundance: I =
1-10 individuals
II
= 11-30 individuals
Table D19 Mammals recorded within the Study Area between 1992 and 1996 (Reels 1996; Babtie 1996) and during the present study (April 2000 to March 2001).
|
Common name |
Species name |
Location within the Study Area |
Distribution in Hong Kong |
Protection status |
1992 - 1996 |
Javan Mongoose 1 |
Herpestes javanicus |
Fishponds near S6 |
Widely recorded in lowland northwest New Territories |
WAPO |
|
Common Otter 1 |
Lutra lutra |
Fishponds near S6 |
Rare and restricted to the wetlands of the Deep Bay area |
WAPO, Class 2 Protected Animal of PRC, Appendix 1 of CITES |
|
Chinese Pangolin 1 |
Manis pentadactyla |
Hillside near P1 |
A few records in the central New Territories |
WAPO, Class 2 Protected Animal of PRC, Appendix 2 of CITES |
|
Chinese Leopard Cat 1 |
Prionailurus bengalensis |
Hillside near P1 |
Widely distributed across the northwest, central and northeast New
Territories |
WAPO, Class 2 Protected Animal of PRC, Appendix 2 of CITES |
|
Japanese Pipistrelle 2 |
Pipistrellus abramus |
Fishponds, streams and marshes between Tung Shing Lei and Kam Hing
Wai |
Widely distributed in Hong Kong |
WAPO |
|
Noctule Bat 2 |
Nyctalus noctula |
Fishponds, streams and marshes between Tung Shing Lei and Kam Hing
Wai |
Uncertain, only a few specimens are collected in Hong Kong |
WAPO |
|
|
|
|
|
|
The present study |
Japanese Pipistrelle |
Pipistrellus abramus |
S6 |
Widely distributed in Hong Kong |
WAPO |
1 Reels (1996)
2 Babtie BMT Hong
Kong Ltd (1996)
Distribution in Hong Kong:
Reels (1996)
Protection status: Wang
(1998)
Table D20 Amphibian species reported within the Study Area by Lau and Dudgeon (1999).
Common name |
Species name |
Locations within the Study
Area |
Distribution |
Commonness |
Asian Common Toad |
Bufo melanostictus |
Au Tau |
Occur all over the New Territories. from central to southeast Asia |
C, W |
Gunther’s Frog |
Rana guentheri |
Au Tau |
Very widespread in Hong Kong, Widely distributed in southern China to southeast Asia |
C, W |
Chinese Bullfrog |
Rana rugulosa |
Au Tau |
Occur throughout the New Territories, Central China to Southeast Asia
|
U, W |
Distribution: Lau and Dudgeon
(1999)
Commonness: C = common, U =
uncommon, L = localised, W = widespread (Lau and Dudgeon 1999)
Table D21 Amphibian species recorded within the Study Area for the present study during April 2000 to March 2001.
|
Common name |
Species name |
Distribution in Hong Kong |
Element recorded |
|
|
Asian Common Toad |
Bufo melanostictus |
Common and occur all over the New Territories |
S2, P6 |
|||
Gunther’s Frog |
Rana guentheri |
Very widespread in Hong Kong |
S1, S6, P5 |
|||
Brown Tree Frog |
Polypedates megacehalus |
Very widespread in Hong Kong |
S6 |
|||
Distribution in Hong Kong
(Lau and Dudgeon 1999)
P = pumping station
S = sewer/rising main
Table D22 Reptile species recorded within the Study Area by the present study.
|
Common name |
Species name |
Distribution in Hong Kong |
Element recorded |
|
Changeable Lizard |
Calotes versicolor |
Common and occurs in many types of habitats, except in dense forest
and mountain grasslands |
S6 |
||
Red-necked Keelback |
Rhabdophis subminiatus |
Common and widespread, usually found in forested or shrubby hills and
near water |
P4 |
||
Distribution in Hong Kong
(Karsen et al. 1998)
P = pumping station
S = sewer/rising main
Table D23
Results of the channel survey for the present study during April 2000 to March
2001.
|
Wet
season survey |
Dry
Season survey |
||||||
Sampling
locations & replicates |
Common
name |
Scientific
name |
Weight |
Length |
Common
name |
Scientific
name |
Weight |
Length |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
a |
Tilapia |
Oreochromis
sp. |
350 |
214 |
Tilapia |
Oreochromis
sp. |
136 |
120 |
|
Tilapia |
Oreochromis
sp. |
125 |
113 |
Tilapia |
Oreochromis
sp. |
145 |
131 |
|
|
|
|
|
Tilapia |
Oreochromis
sp. |
155 |
129 |
|
|
|
|
|
Tilapia |
Oreochromis
sp. |
320 |
201 |
|
|
|
|
|
Mullet |
Mugil
affinis |
210 |
265 |
b |
Tilapia |
Oreochromis
sp. |
410 |
215 |
Tilapia |
Oreochromis
sp. |
310 |
195 |
|
Tilapia |
Oreochromis
sp. |
270 |
186 |
Tilapia |
Oreochromis
sp. |
300 |
190 |
|
Tilapia |
Oreochromis
sp. |
180 |
175 |
Tilapia |
Oreochromis
sp. |
250 |
173 |
|
Tilapia |
Oreochromis
sp. |
150 |
133 |
Tilapia |
Oreochromis
sp. |
210 |
164 |
|
Mud carp |
Cirrhinus
molitorella |
400 |
268 |
|
|
|
|
|
Mullet |
Mugil
affinis |
100 |
166 |
|
|
|
|
c |
Tilapia |
Oreochromis
sp. |
400 |
218 |
Tilapia |
Oreochromis
sp. |
340 |
221 |
|
Tilapia |
Oreochromis
sp. |
250 |
173 |
Tilapia |
Oreochromis
sp. |
275 |
184 |
|
Tilapia |
Oreochromis
sp. |
125 |
195 |
Tilapia |
Oreochromis
sp. |
135 |
177 |
|
Tilapia |
Oreochromis
sp. |
180 |
156 |
Mullet |
Mugil
affinis |
125 |
193 |
|
Tilapia |
Oreochromis
sp. |
120 |
137 |
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
a |
Tilapia |
Oreochromis
sp. |
300 |
193 |
Mud crab |
Scylla
serrata |
|
55 |
|
Mud crab |
Scylla
serrata |
|
43 |
|
|
|
|
b |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Tilapia |
Oreochromis
sp. |
240 |
162 |
|
|
|
|
|
Tilapia |
Oreochromis
sp. |
210 |
142 |
c |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Tilapia |
Oreochromis
sp. |
120 |
121 |
|
|
|
|
|
Mud crab |
Scylla
serrata |
|
64 |
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
a |
Tilapia |
Oreochromis
sp. |
460 |
224 |
Tilapia |
Oreochromis
sp. |
405 |
214 |
|
|
|
|
|
Tilapia |
Oreochromis
sp. |
145 |
133 |
|
|
|
|
|
Tilapia |
Oreochromis
sp. |
110 |
102 |
b |
Tilapia |
Oreochromis
sp. |
420 |
206 |
Tilapia |
Oreochromis
sp. |
355 |
186 |
|
Tilapia |
Oreochromis
sp. |
410 |
223 |
|
|
|
|
|
Tilapia |
Oreochromis
sp. |
210 |
165 |
|
|
|
|
c |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Tilapia |
Oreochromis
sp. |
135 |
155 |
Table D24 Plant species recorded within and near to the proposed pumping stations P1 to P7
1.
1. Species |
Habit |
Exotic |
Location |
||||||
|
|
|
P1 |
P2 |
P3 |
P4 |
P5 |
P6 |
P7 |
Alocasia macrorrhiza |
H |
|
|
+ |
|
|
+ |
+ |
+ |
Alternanthera
sessilis |
H |
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ |
|
Amaranthus
viridus |
H |
|
|
+ |
|
+ |
|
+ |
+ |
Bambusa
vulgaris var. striata |
G |
Exotic |
|
|
|
|
+ |
|
|
Bauhinia
variegata |
T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ |
Bidens pilosa |
H |
|
+ |
+ |
+ |
|
|
+ |
+ |
Bridelia
tomentosa |
T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ |
Calliandra
haematocephala |
S |
Exotic |
|
|
|
+ |
|
|
|
Casuarina
stricta |
T |
Exotic |
|
|
+ |
|
|
|
|
Celtis sinensis |
T |
|
+ |
|
|
|
+ |
+ |
+ |
Chrisalidocarpus
lutescens |
T |
Exotic |
|
|
|
+ |
+ |
|
|
Clausena
lansium |
T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ |
Clerodendrum
viscosum |
S |
Exotic |
|
+ |
|
|
|
|
|
Conyza
canadensis |
H |
Exotic |
+ |
|
|
|
|
+ |
|
Cuscuta
japonica |
C |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cyclosorus
interruptus |
F |
|
|
+ |
|
|
|
|
|
Cynodon
dactylon |
G |
|
|
+ |
+ |
|
|
|
|
Dimocarpus
longan |
T |
Exotic |
|
|
|
|
+ |
+ |
+ |
Eclipta
prostrata |
H |
|
|
|
+ |
|
|
|
|
Eleusine indica |
G |
|
|
+ |
|
|
|
|
|
Ficus elastica |
T |
Exotic |
|
+ |
|
|
|
|
|
Ficus hispida |
T |
|
|
|
|
+ |
|
|
|
Ficus
microcarpa |
T |
|
|
|
|
+ |
|
|
+ |
Fimbristylis
sp. |
H |
|
+ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gossapinus
malabaricum |
T |
Exotic |
+ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hibiscus sp. |
T |
Exotic |
|
|
|
+ |
|
|
|
Imperata
cylindrica |
G |
|
+ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ipomoea cairica |
C |
Exotic |
|
+ |
|
+ |
|
+ |
|
Ipomoea sp. |
C |
Exotic |
|
|
+ |
|
|
|
|
Lantana camara |
S |
Exotic |
|
+ |
|
|
|
|
+ |
Leucaena leucocephala |
T |
Exotic |
+ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Litsea
glutinosa |
T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ |
Macaranga
tanarius |
T |
|
|
+ |
|
|
+ |
|
+ |
Melaleuca
quinquinervia |
T |
Exotic |
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ |
Melia azedarach |
T |
Exotic |
|
|
+ |
+ |
|
|
|
Mikania
micrantha |
C |
Exotic |
|
+ |
|
|
|
|
+ |
Mimosa pudica |
H |
|
+ |
|
+ |
|
|
|
|
Musa
paradisiaca |
T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ |
Panicum maximum |
G |
Exotic |
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ |
Paspalum
conjugatum |
G |
|
|
+ |
|
|
|
+ |
|
Polygonum
hydropiper |
H |
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ |
|
Polygonum
perfoliatum |
H |
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ |
|
Praxelis
clematidea |
H |
Exotic |
+ |
|
+ |
|
|
|
|
Ricinus
communis |
S |
Exotic |
|
|
|
|
|
+ |
+ |
Sansevieria trifasciata |
H |
Exotic |
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ |
Sapium
sebiferum |
T |
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ |
|
Schefflera
arboricola |
S |
Exotic |
|
|
|
|
+ |
|
|
Sesbania
cochinchinensis |
S |
Exotic |
+ |
|
+ |
|
|
|
|
Solanum nigrum |
H |
|
|
|
|
+ |
|
|
|
Triumfetta
bartramia |
S |
|
|
+ |
|
|
|
|
|
Wedelia triloba |
C |
Exotic |
|
|
|
+ |
|
|
|
G = grass, H = herb, S =
shrub, T = tree, C = cultivated species, + = present
Table D25 Bird species recorded in the proposed pumping station sites. (Wetland dependent species are indicated by "*").
Common name |
Latin name |
P1 |
P2 |
P3 |
P4 |
P5 |
P6 |
P7 |
Commonness &
Distribution |
|
|||||||||
Little Egret * |
Egretta garzetta |
|
|
+ |
|
|
|
|
CW |
||||||||||
Spotted Dove |
Streptopelia chinensis |
|
|
+ |
|
|
|
+ |
CW |
||||||||||
Crested Bulbul |
Pycnonotus jocosus |
+ |
|
|
|
|
|
+ |
CW |
||||||||||
Chinese Bulbul |
Pycnonotus sinenisi |
|
+ |
|
|
+ |
|
+ |
CW |
||||||||||
Yellow-bellied Prinia |
Prinia flaviventris |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CW |
||||||||||
Common Tailorbird |
Orthotomus sutorius |
|
|
|
|
|
+ |
|
CW |
||||||||||
Crested Myna |
Acridotheres cristatellus |
|
|
|
+ |
|
+ |
|
CW |
||||||||||
Black-necked Starling |
Sturnus nigricollis |
|
|
|
+ |
|
|
|
CW |
||||||||||
Tree Sparrow |
Passer montanus |
+ |
|
|
|
+ |
|
|
CW |
||||||||||
Commonness &
Distribution: CW =
common and widespread.