Agreement No. CE 35/2006(CE)

Kai Tak Development Engineering Study

cum Design and Construction of Advance Works –

Investigation, Design and Construction

Decommissioning of the Former Kai Tak Airport

Other than the North Apron

Environmental Impact Assessment Report

Contents

1 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................. 1

1.1 Background of the Project...................................................................................... 1

1.2 Purpose of this EIA Report..................................................................................... 3

1.3 Objectives and Scope of the Schedule 2 EIA Study.................................................. 3

1.4 Relevant Approved EIA Reports............................................................................... 4

1.5 Structure of the Report........................................................................................... 4

2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION................................................................................................. 7

2.1 Key Project Requirements...................................................................................... 7

2.2 Site Location and History....................................................................................... 7

2.3 Nature, Scope and Benefits of the Project................................................................ 7

2.4 Consideration of Alternative Decommissioning / Decontamination Methods................. 8

2.5 Construction Activity and Project Programme........................................................... 8

2.6 Interactions with Other Projects............................................................................. 10

3 LAND CONTAMINATION IMPACT................................................................................... 13

3.1 Introduction......................................................................................................... 13

3.2 Environmental Legislation, Policies, Plans, Standards and Criteria........................... 13

3.3 Assessment Methodology.................................................................................... 14

3.4 Identification of Sensitive Receivers........................................................................ 14

3.5 Description of the Environment.............................................................................. 15

3.6 Identification of Potential Environmental Impacts..................................................... 18

3.7 Site Investigation for Land Contamination Assessment............................................ 19

3.8 Prediction and Evaluation of Environmental Impacts................................................ 31

3.9 Outline Process and Operation of Remediation....................................................... 42

3.10 Remediation Report.............................................................................................. 48

3.11 Environmental Mitigation Measures and Safety Measures........................................ 48

3.12 Interaction with other Concurrent Projects.............................................................. 50

3.13 Evaluation of Residual Impacts.............................................................................. 51

3.14 Environmental Monitoring and Audit....................................................................... 51

3.15 Conclusion.......................................................................................................... 51

4 WASTE MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS......................................................................... 53

4.1 Introduction......................................................................................................... 53

4.2 Environmental Legislation, Policies, Plans, Standards and Criteria........................... 53

4.3 Assessment Methodology.................................................................................... 55

4.4 Identification of Environmental Impacts................................................................... 55

4.5 Prediction and Evaluation of Environmental Impacts................................................ 55

4.6 Mitigation of Adverse Environmental Impacts.......................................................... 57

4.7 Evaluation of Residual Impacts.............................................................................. 59

4.8 Environmental Monitoring and Audit....................................................................... 59

4.9 Conclusion.......................................................................................................... 59

5 WATER QUALITY IMPACT............................................................................................. 61

5.1 Introduction......................................................................................................... 61

5.2 Environmental Legislation, Policies, Plans, Standards and Criteria........................... 61

5.3 Description of the Environment.............................................................................. 62

5.4 Water Sensitive Receivers.................................................................................... 68

5.5 Assessment Methodology.................................................................................... 69

5.6 Identification of Environmental Impacts................................................................... 69

5.7 Prediction and Evaluation of Environmental Impacts................................................ 71

5.8 Consideration of Cumulative Environmental Impacts................................................ 73

5.9 Mitigation Measures of Adverse Environmental Impacts........................................... 74

5.10 Evaluation of Residual Impacts.............................................................................. 77

5.11 Environmental Monitoring and Audit....................................................................... 77

5.12 Conclusion.......................................................................................................... 77

6 AIR QUALITY IMPACT................................................................................................... 79

6.1 Introduction......................................................................................................... 79

6.2 Environmental Legislation, Policies, Plans, Standards and Criteria........................... 79

6.3 Description of the Environment.............................................................................. 81

6.4 Air Sensitive Receivers......................................................................................... 81

6.5 Identification of Environmental Impacts................................................................... 83

6.6 Assessment Methodology.................................................................................... 87

6.7 Prediction and Evaluation of Environmental Impacts................................................ 89

6.8 Mitigation of Adverse Environmental Impacts.......................................................... 90

6.9 Evaluation of Residual Impacts.............................................................................. 92

6.10 Environmental Monitoring and Audit....................................................................... 92

6.11 Conclusion.......................................................................................................... 92

7 NOISE IMPACT.............................................................................................................. 95

7.1 Introduction......................................................................................................... 95

7.2 Environmental Legislation, Policies, Plans, Standards and Criteria........................... 95

7.3 Description of the Environment.............................................................................. 96

7.4 Noise Sensitive Receivers..................................................................................... 96

7.5 Assessment Methodology.................................................................................... 97

7.6 Identification of Environmental Impacts................................................................... 98

7.7 Prediction and Evaluation of Environmental Impacts................................................ 98

7.8 Mitigation of Adverse Environmental Impacts.......................................................... 99

7.9 Evaluation of Residual Impacts.............................................................................. 99

7.10 Environmental Monitoring and Audit....................................................................... 99

7.11 Conclusion.......................................................................................................... 99

8 IMPACT ON CULTURAL HERITAGE.............................................................................. 101

8.1 Introduction........................................................................................................ 101

8.2 Environmental Legislation, Policies, Plans, Standards and Criteria.......................... 101

8.3 Assessment Methodology................................................................................... 102

8.4 Results of Desk-Based Study.............................................................................. 102

8.5 Identification of Built Heritage Resources.............................................................. 103

8.6 Evaluation of Heritage Significance....................................................................... 105

8.7 Impact Assessment........................................................................................... 107

8.8 Mitigation of Adverse Environmental Impacts......................................................... 107

8.9 Environmental Monitoring and Audit..................................................................... 107

8.10 Conclusion........................................................................................................ 107

8.11 Reference.......................................................................................................... 108

9 MARINE ECOLOGICAL IMPACT................................................................................... 111

9.1 Introduction........................................................................................................ 111

9.2 Environmental Legislation, Policies, Plans, Standards and Criteria.......................... 111

9.3 Assessment Methodology................................................................................... 112

9.4 Description of the Environment............................................................................ 115

9.5 Identification of Environmental Impacts................................................................. 123

9.6 Prediction and Evaluation of Environmental Impacts............................................... 124

9.7 Mitigation of Adverse Environmental Impacts......................................................... 126

9.8 Evaluation of Residual Impacts............................................................................ 126

9.9 Environmental Monitoring and Audit..................................................................... 126

9.10 Conclusion........................................................................................................ 126

9.11 References........................................................................................................ 127

10 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND AUDIT............................................................... 131

10.1 Introduction........................................................................................................ 131

10.2 Land Contamination Impact................................................................................. 131

10.3 Waste Management Implications......................................................................... 131

10.4 Water Quality Impact.......................................................................................... 132

10.5 Air Quality Impact.............................................................................................. 132

10.6 Noise Impact..................................................................................................... 132

10.7 Impact on Cultural Heritage................................................................................. 132

10.8 Marine Ecological Impact.................................................................................... 132

11 IMPACTS SUMMARY................................................................................................... 133

11.1 Introduction........................................................................................................ 133

11.2 Land Contamination Impact................................................................................. 133

11.3 Waste Management Implications......................................................................... 134

11.4 Water Quality Impact.......................................................................................... 134

11.5 Air Quality Impact.............................................................................................. 134

11.6 Noise Impact..................................................................................................... 135

11.7 Impact on Cultural Heritage................................................................................. 135

11.8 Marine Ecological Impact.................................................................................... 136

11.9 Conclusion........................................................................................................ 136

12 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE OF THE PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES............. 155

13 SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL OUTCOMES............................................................. 179

List of Tables

Table 2.1.......... Summary of Construction Activities

Table 2.2.......... Tentative Project Programme

Table 2.3.......... Summary of Concurrent Projects

Table 3.1.......... Aerial Photographs Reviewed

Table 3.2.......... Historical Information of Fire Stations

Table 3.3.......... Existing Landuses in the Project Area after Closure of Kai Tak Airport

Table 3.4 ....... Summary of Fuel Spillage Incidents

Table 3.5 ......... Summary of Airplane Accidents at Former Kai Tak Airport with Potential Land Contamination

Table 3.6.......... Summary of Soil Samples Exceeding Dutch B/C Values in South Apron

Table 3.7.......... Summary of Soil Samples Exceeding Dutch B/C Values in the Narrow Strip of North Apron

Table 3.8.......... Summary of Soil Samples Exceeding Dutch B/C Values in Ex-GFS Apron Area

Table 3.9.......... Summary of Groundwater Samples Exceeding Dutch B/C Values

Table 3.10........ Evaluation of Significance of Risk Due to Groundwater Contamination

Table 3.11........ Maximum Source Concentrations and Non-carcinogenic Oral Reference Doses / Carcinogenic Oral Slope Factors of Chemicals of Concern

Table 3.12........ Estimated Quantity of Contaminated Soil

Table 3.13........ Estimated Volume of Different Types of Contaminated Soil

Table 3.14........ Treatment Technologies for Contaminated Soil with Metals / TPH / VOCs / SVOC

Table 3.15........ List of Soil Remediation Technologies for Metals / TPH / VOCs / SVOC Contaminated Soil

Table 3.16........ Summary of Proposed Remediation Methods for Metals / TPH / VOCs / SVOC Contaminated Soil

Table 3.17........ Estimated Quantity of Contaminated Groundwater (Free Product) at Ex-GFS Apron Area

Table 3.18........ List of Free Product Recovery Technologies

Table 3.19........ Universal Treatment Standards (UTS) for the Concerned Heavy Metals

Table 4.1.......... Estimated Quantities of C&D Material from Demolition Works

Table 4.2.......... Summary of Waste Handling Procedures and Disposal Routes

Table 5.1.......... Summary of Water Quality Objectives for the Victoria Harbour WCZ

Table 5.2.......... WSD’s Water Quality Criteria for Flushing Water at Sea Water Intakes

Table 5.3.......... Summary Statistics of Marine Water Quality in the Victoria Harbour WCZ in 2005

Table 5.4.......... Summary Statistics of Marine Water Quality in the Kwun Tong and To Kwa Wan Typhoon Shelters in 2005

Table 5.5.......... Summary Statistics of 2005 River Water Quality for Kai Tak Nullah

Table 5.6.......... Pollution Levels Measured at KTAC in October 2005

Table 5.7.......... Pollution Levels Measured at KTAC in January 2006

Table 5.8 ......... Summary Statistics of 2005 Bottom Sediment Quality

Table 6.1.......... Hong Kong Air Quality Objectives

Table 6.2.......... Air Quality Criteria for Non-criteria Pollutants

Table 6.3.......... Health Risk Guidelines for Exposure to Air Toxics

Table 6.4.......... Annual Average Concentrations of Pollutants in Year 2005 at EPD’s Sham Shui Po and Kwun Tong Air Quality Monitoring Stations

Table 6.5.......... Details of Representative Air Sensitive Receivers

Table 6.6.......... Maximum Contamination Levels of Soil at ex-GFS Apron Area

Table 6.7.......... VOCs Concentrations detected in Soil Samples at ex-GFS Apron Area

Table 6.8.......... Summary of Emission Inventory

Table 6.9.......... Pollutant Emission Rate (in the Form of Dust) during Excavation

Table 6.10........ Pollutant Emission Rate (in the Form of Vapour) during Excavation

Table 6.11........ Maximum Hourly Pollutant Concentrations (in the Form of Dust) During Excavation

Table 6.12........ Maximum Hourly Pollutant Concentrations (in the Form of Vapour) During Excavation

Table 7.1.......... Construction Noise Criteria for Activity Other Than Percussive Piling

Table 7.2.......... Summary of Representative Noise Assessment Points for Construction Noise Impact Assessment

Table 7.3.......... Predicted Noise Levels in the Absence of Mitigation Measures

Table 9.1.......... Criteria and Evaluation of Ecological Importance of Marine Habitats in the Assessment Area

Table 9.2 ........ Evaluation of Ecological Impacts on Marine Resources

Table 11.1........ Summary of Environmental Impacts Associated with the Project

Table 12.1........ Implementation Schedule for Land Contamination Measures

Table 12.2........ Implementation Schedule for Waste Management Measures

Table 12.3........ Implementation Schedule for Water Quality Measures

Table 12.4........ Implementation Schedule for Air Quality Measures

Table 12.5........ Implementation Schedule for Noise Measures

Table 12.6........ Implementation Schedule for Marine Ecological Measures

Table 13.1........ Summary of Key Environmental Outcomes/ Benefits

List of Drawings

Drawing 1.1 Preliminary Outline Development Plan

Drawing 2.1 Project Location

Drawing 2.2 Existing Buildings and Different Study Areas within the Former Kai Tak Airport

Drawing 2.2a Outstanding areas within the Former Kai Tak Airport not Covered under this Project

Drawing 2.3 Locations of Decommissioning / Decontamination Works

Drawing 2.4a Concurrent Activities before Completion of Contaminated Soil Excavation

Drawing 2.4b Concurrent Activities after Completion of Contaminated Soil Excavation

Drawing 3.1 Land Contamination Studies Covered by this Project

Drawing 3.2 Existing Landuses in the Project Area after Closure of Kai Tak Airport

Drawing 3.3 Airplane Accidents at Project Area with Potential Land Contamination Concern

Drawing 3.4 As-built Sampling Locations in South Apron Area

Drawing 3.5 As-built Sampling Locations in Runway Area and the Narrow Strip of North Apron

Drawing 3.6 As-built Sampling Locations in Ex-GFS Apron Area

Drawing 3.7 As-built Sampling Locations with Contaminants Exceeding Dutch B/C Levels

Drawing 3.8 Contaminated Zones Proposed For Excavation

Drawing 3.9 Proposed Remediation Strategy for Contaminated Soil

Drawing 3.10 Location of Decontamination Works Area

Drawing 3.11 Schematic of a Typical Single Biopile

Drawing.5.1 Location of Victoria Harbour Water Control Zone and 300m Study Area

Drawing.5.2 Locations of Selected Water Quality Sensitive Receivers

Drawing 6.1 Air Quality Assessment Area

Drawing 6.2 Excavation Area at Ex-GFS Apron Area Considered in the Model

Drawing 6.3 Contours of 1-hour TPH Concentration in µg/m³ at 1.5m Above Ground

Drawing 6.4 Contours of 1-hour Ethylbenzene Concentration (in the Form of Dust) in µg/m³ at 1.5m Above Ground

Drawing 6.5 Contours of 1-hour Xylenes Concentration in µg/m3 (in the Form of Dust) in µg/m³at 1.5m Above Ground

Drawing 6.6 Contours of 1-hour TPH Concentration (in the Form of Vapour) in µg/m³ at 1.5m Above Ground

Drawing 6.7 Contours of 1-hour Ethylbenzene / Xylenes Concentration (in the Form of Vapour) in µg/m³ at 1.5m Above Ground

Drawing 7.1 Locations of Noise Assessment Points

Drawing 8.1 Study area for Cultural Heritage Assessment

Drawing 8.2 Plan of the Runway

Drawing 8.3 Locations of Identified Cultural Heritage Resources

Drawing 8.4 Location of Wind Pole (WP-1)

Drawing 8.5 Location of Wind Pole (WP-2)

Drawing 8.6 Location of Airport Pier

Drawing 8.7 Location of Pier at Fire Station B

Drawing 8.8 Location of Fire Station B

Drawing 8.9 Location of Fire Station C and its Adjacent Wind Pole (WP-3)

Drawing 9.1 Marine Ecological Survey Locations

Drawing 9.2 Locations of Transects for Spot Check Reconnaissance Dives and Rapid Ecological Assessment (REA)

List of Appendices

Appendix 3.1a Approved Contamination Assessment Plan (CAP) - Assessment of Possible Land Contamination Associated with Decommissioned Fuel Pipeline and Hydrant System at South Apron of Former Kai Tak Airport

Appendix 3.1b Approved Contamination Assessment Plan (CAP) at Runway Area (including the Narrow Strip of North Apron)

Appendix 3.1c Approved Supplementary Contamination Assessment Plan (CAP) at South Apron Area of Former Kai Tak Airport (ex-GFS Apron Area)

Appendix 3.2a Contamination Assessment Report/Remediation Action Plan (CAR/RAP) for the Decommissioned Fuel Pipeline and Hydrant System at South Apron of Former Kai Tak Airport

Appendix 3.2b Contamination Assessment Report / Remediation Action Plan (CAR/RAP) at Runway Area and the Narrow Strip of North Apron

Appendix 3.2c Contamination Assessment Report / Remediation Action Plan (CAR/RAP) at South Apron Area of Former Kai Tak Airport (ex-GFS Apron Area)

Appendix 3.3 Groundwater Risk Assessment

Appendix 3.4 Hot Works Requirements for Petrol Filling Station

Appendix 6.1 Calculation of Emission Rates for TPH, Ethylbenzene and Xylenes (in the form of Dust)

Appendix 6.2 Calculation of Emission Rates for TPH, Ethylbenzene and Xylenes (in the form of Vapour)

Appendix 7.1 Details of Construction Noise Impact Assessment

Appendix 7.2 Photo–documentation of Noise Assessment Points

Appendix 8.1 Built Heritage Resources Records

Appendix 9.1 Photo-documentation of Marine Environment within the Kai Tak Area

Appendix 9.2 Benthos Survey Report

Appendix 9.3 Photo-documentation of Intertidal Habitats at Each Survey Locations

Appendix 9.4 List of Intertidal Fauna Recorded in Present Survey

Appendix 9.5 Coral Survey Report

Appendix 11.1 Key Assessment Assumptions and Methodologies