Tung Chung Cable Car Project
Environmental Impact Assessment (Final)
Document No. 203842/01/A
40th floor, Hopewell Centre
183 Queen’s Road East
Wanchai
Hong Kong
Tel: 852 2828 5757
Fax: 852 2828 1823
awatker@mottconnell.com.hk
Environmental Impact Assessment (Final)
Document No. 203842/01/A
Rev |
Date |
Originator |
Checker |
Approver |
Description |
A |
December 2002 |
Various (Anne Watker-Zeris) |
Terry Chung |
K M Yeung |
|
B |
January 2003 |
Various (Anne Watker-Zeris) |
Terry Chung |
K M Yeung |
|
C |
March 2003 |
Various (Anne Watker-Zeris) |
Terry Chung |
K M Yeung |
|
Chapters and Appendices
1.1 Background 1-1
1.2 Objectives of the EIA Study 1-2
1.4 Status of the Project 1-4
1.5 Structure of the EIA Report 1-5
2.1 Project Description 2-1
2.2 Project Requirements 2-1
2.3 TerminiiTermini
Locations 2-2
2.3.3 Terminal/Station Building Designs 2-10
2.4 Alignment 2-10
2.4.1 General Considerations 2-10
2.4.2 Visual and Landscape Impacts 2-11
2.4.3 Appraisal of the Alignments Considered 2-12
2.5 PylonTowers
and Angle Stations 2-15
2.5.1 Background Principles 2-15
2.5.2 Appraisal of the PylonTower and
Angle Station Locations Considered 2-16
22.5.3 PylonTower
Foundations and Structural Form 2-18
2.6 Emergency Rescue,
Rescue Trail and Helicopter
Helipad Touch Down
Points 2-20
2.7.1 Approach 2-21
2.7.2 Height Restriction over Tung Chung Channel 2-23
2.7.3 Vertical Clearance to Roads 2-23
2.7.5 Wind Characteristics in Tung Chung and Ngong Ping 2-23
2.7.6 Operating Procedures 2-24
2.9 Theme Village at Ngong Ping 2-28
3.1 Introduction 3-1
3.2 Legislation, Standards,
Guidelines and Criteria 3-1
3.4 Air Sensitive Receivers 3-2
3.5 Potential Sources of Impact
During Construction 3-3
3.6 Construction Dust Assessment Methodology 3-3
3.7 Evaluation of Impact 3-5
3.8 Recommended Mitigation Measures 3-6
3.10 EM&A Requirement 3-8
3.11 Conclusions 3-8
4. NOISE IMPACT ASSESSMENT 4-1
4.1 Introduction 4-1
4.2 Legislation, Standards, Guidelines and Criteria 4-1
4.3 Baseline Conditions 4-4
4.4 Noise Sensitive Receivers 4-4
4.5 Potential Construction Noise Impact 4-5
4.6 Evaluation of Impacts 4-9
4.7 Potential Operational Noise Impact 4-16
4.8 Evaluation of Impacts 4-16
4.9 Conclusions 4-18
5. WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT 5-1
5.1 Introduction 5-1
5.2 Legislation, Standards, Guidelines and Criteria 5-1
5.3 Background Water Quality 5-3
5.3.1 Potential Sensitive Background Water Quality 5-3
5.4 Potential Sources of Impact 5-4
5.4.1 Sources Inventory 5-4
5.5 Sensitive Receivers 5-5
5.5.1 Beneficial Uses 5-5
5.6 Impact Assessment 5-5
5.6.1 Construction Phase 5-5
5.6.2 Operational Impacts 5-8
5.6.3 Mitigation Measures 5-11
5.7 Residual Impacts 5-17
5.8 Conclusions 5-18
6. LIQUID AND SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSESSMENT 6-1
6.1 Introduction 6-1
6.2 Objectives 6-1
6.3 Legislation, Standards, Guidelines and Criteria 6-2
6.4 Assessment Methodology 6-4
6.5 Baseline Conditions 6-4
6.6 Nature and Type of Waste Materials 6-5
6.6.1 Construction Phase 6-5
6.6.2 Summary and Estimated Volumes of Generated Waste 6-8
6.7 Potential Impacts & Mitigation Measures 6-10
6.7.1 Wastes Generated from Site Clearance and Excavated Materials 6-11
6.7.2 Inert Construction and Demolition Material 6-12
6.7.3 Chemical Wastes 6-13
6.7.4 Municipal Waste 6-14
6.8 Summary of Waste Management Plan (WMP) 6-14
6.9 Conclusions 6-16
7. ECOLOGICAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 7-1
7.1 Introduction 7-1
7.1.1 Ecological Assessment Objectives 7-1
7.2 Legislation, Standards, Guidelines and Criteria 7-1
7.3 Relevant Plans 7-5
7.4 Literature Review 7-6
7.5 Surveys 7-7
7.5.1 Field Surveys 7-7
7.6 Baseline Ecological Conditions 7-10
7.6.1 Sites of Conservation Importance 7-10
7.6.2 Habitat Types within the Study Area 7-11
7.6.3 Mammals 7-26
7.6.4 Amphibians and Reptiles 7-27
7.6.5 Insects 7-32
7.6.6 Birds 7-34
7.6.7 Stream Habitat 7-37
7.6.8 Coastal Habitats 7-38
7.7 Ecological Impact Assessment 7-43
7.7.1 Identification of Ecological Impacts 7-43
7.7.2 Impact Evaluation 7-43
7.8 Construction Phase Ecological Impact Assessment 7-46
7.8.1 Assessment of Construction Phase Impacts 7-46
7.8.2 Habitat Loss 7-46
7.8.3 Habitat Fragmentation 7-55
7.8.4 Disturbance 7-56
7.8.5 Impacts of Key Species 7-60
7.8.6 Comparison between Construction using Helicopters and 7-64
Construction using a Material Ropeway
7.8.7 Summary of Construction Phase Impacts 7-65
7.9 Operational Phase Impact Assessment 7-66
7.9.1 Disturbance 7-66
7.9.2 Barrier Effects 7-66
7.9.3 Bird Species Mortality from Cable Car Operations 7-67
7.9.4 Birds Nesting on Towers 7-68
7.9.5 Increased Number of Visitors 7-68
7.9.6 Hill Fires 7-69
7.9.7 Summary of Operational Phase Impacts 7-69
7.10 Cumulative Impacts 7-69
7.11 Impact Mitigation Measures 7-70
7.11.1 Ecological Mitigation during Construction Phase and 7-70
Conservation Strategies
7.11.2 Residual Impacts 7-75
7.12 Environmental Monitoring and Audit 7-76
7.13 Conclusions and Recommendations 7-76
7.14 References 7-77
8. LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT METHODOLLGY 8-1
8.1 Legislation, Standards, Guidelines and Criteria 8-1
8.2 Assessment Methodology 8-1
8.2.1 Planning and Development Control Framework 8-1
8.2.2 Landscape Impact Assessment Methodology 8-2
8.2.3 Visual Impact Assessment Methodology 8-3
8.2.4 Mitigation Measures 8-5
8.2.5 Residual Impacts 8-5
8.2.6 Funding, Implementation, Management and Maintenance 8-6
8.2.7 Photomontage Illustration 8-6
8.3 Assessment Results 8-6
8.3.1 Review of Planning Development Control Framework 8-6
8.3.2 Existing Landscape and Visual Context 8-7
8.3.3 Landscape Impacts 8-9
8.3.4 Emergency Rescue Trail 8-13
8.3.5 Helicopter touch-down Points 8-13
8.3.6 Cable Car Gondolas 8-14
8.3.7 Material Ropeway Construction Method 8-14
8.3.8 Summary of Vegetation loss resulting from permanent features 8-14
8.3.9 Mapping of Landscape Impact 8-16
8.4 Visual Impacts 8-16
8.5 Visual impacts in general 8-16
8.5.1 Tung Chung Section 8-16
8.5.2 Mid-Section 8-17
8.5.3 Ngong Ping Section 8-18
8.6 Visual Impacts and Visually Sensitive Receivers 8-18
8.7 Estimated Number of VSRs 8-24
8.8 Recommended Mitigation Measures During Construction / Operation 8-24
8.9 Photomontages 8-27
8.10 Cumulative Impacts 8-34
8.11 Funding, Implementation and Management 8-35
8.12 Conclusion 8-35
9. CULTURAL HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT (CHIA) 9-1
9.1 Legislation, Standards, Guidelines and Criteria 9-1
9.1.1 Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance 9-1
9.1.2 Environmental Impact Assessment Ordinance 9-1
9.2 Background 9-1
9.2.1 Objectives of the CHIA 9-1
9.2.2 Existing Impacts 9-2
9.2.3 Project Associated Impacts 9-2
9.2.4 Geological and Topographical Background 9-3
9.2.5 Archaeological Background 9-3
9.2.6 Historical Background and Setting 9-4
9.3 Archaeological Impact Assessment (AIA) 9-5
9.3.1 Archaeological Impact Assessment Methodology 9-5
9.3.2 Assessment of Archaeological Potential 9-7
9.3.3 Recommendations for Mitigation 9-7
9.4 Built Heritage Impact Assessment 9-7
9.4.1 Built Heritage Impact Assessment Methodology 9-7
9.4.2 Results of the Built Heritage Survey 9-7
9.4.3 Assessment of Impacts on Built Heritage 9-8
9.4.4 Mitigation Recommendations 9-9
9.5 Historical Land Use Patterns and Cultural Landscape Features 9-9
9.5.1 Historical Land Use Patterns 9-9
9.5.2 Cultural Landscape Features 9-9
9.5.3 Assessment and Mitigation 9-10
9.6 Pre-War / Clan Graves 9-10
9.6.1 Introduction 9-10
9.6.2 Methodology 9-10
9.6.3 Results of the Grave Survey 9-11
9.6.4 Impact Assessment 9-11
9.6.5 Mitigation recommendations 9-11
9.7 Cultural Heritage Tourism Opportunities 9-11
9.8 References 9-13
10. HAZARD TO LIFE ASSESSMENT 10-1
10.1 Introduction 10-1
10.1.1 Objectives
10.1.2 Context of the Cable Car System in Relation to the Aviation 10-1
Fuel Tank Farm
10.1.3 Potential Scenarios to be Examined 10-1
10.2 Background Data 10-2
10.2.1 Aviation Fuel Tank Farm 10-3
10.2.2 Cable Car System Information 10-4
10.2.3 Cable Car Workforce Estimation 10-4
10.2.4 Cable Car Passenger Estimation 10-5
10.2.5 Properties of Aviation Fuel 10-6
10.3 Hazardous Scenarios 10-6
10.3.1 Hazardous Scenarios from the Tank Farm 10-6
10.4. Consequence Analysis 10-13
10.4.1 General 10-13
10.4.2 Heat Radiation Effect 10-13
10.4.3 Smoke Effect 10-14
10.5 Risks Determination 10-15
10.5.1 General 10-15
10.6 Conclusions 10-15
10.7 Recommendations 10-15
10.8 References 10-16
11 ENVIRONMENTAL OUTCOMES PROFILE 11-1
11.1 The Project 11-1
11.2 EIAO Application Reference 11-1
11.3 Key Outcomes 11-1
11.3.1 Population Protected from Noise 11-1
11.3.2 Population Affected by Visual Impacts 11-1
11.4 Problems Avoided 11-2
11.5 Environmentally Friendly Designs 11-2
12. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND AUDIT 12-1
12.1 All Embracing Requirements 12-1
12.2 Air Quality 12-4
12.3 Noise 12-4
12.4 Water Quality 12-4
12.5 Waste 12-4
12.6 Ecology 12-5
12.6.1 Ecological Monitoring during the Construction Phase 12-5
12.6.2 Ecological Monitoring during the Operational Phase 12-6
12.6.3 Ecological Monitoring during the Mitigation Phase 12-6
12.6.4 Monitoring and Auditing of Mitigation Measures 12-6
12.7 Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment 12-8
12.7.1 General 12-8
12.7.2 Mitigation measures 12-9
12.7.3 Baseline monitoring 12-9
12.7.4 Construction and Operational Phase Audit 12-9
12.8 Cultural/Hertiage 12-10
12.9 Risks 12-10
14. IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE 14-1
List of Tables
Table 3.1 Hong Kong Air Quality Objectives (µg m-3) (1)
Table 3.2 Annual Average of TSP and RSP Monitored at Tung Chung 2000
Table 3.3 Representative Air Sensitive Receivers
Table 3.4 Emission Factors for Various Construction Activities
Table 3.5 Predicted Hourly and Daily TSP Levels (mgm-3) (1) at 1.5m above local ground level
Table 3.6 Mitigated Hourly and Daily TSP Levels (mgm-3) (1) at 1.5m above local ground level
Table 4.1 Permitted Hours of Operation for Percussive Piling
Table 4.2 Acceptable Noise Levels (ANL, Leq, 5 min dB(A))
Table 4.3 Noise Standard for Helicopter Operation
Table 4.4 Acceptable Noise Level at the Noise Sensitive Receivers
Table 4.5 Representative Noise Sensitive Receivers
Table 4.6 Plant Inventory for Airport Island Angle Station/Towers T1 and T2 (No Mitigation Measures)
Table 4.7 Plant Inventory for Ngong Ping/Tung Chung Terminals (No Mitigation Measures)
Table 4.8 Plant Inventory for Nei Lak Shan/Towers T3, T4, T5, T6 and T7 (No Mitigation Measures)
Table 4.9 Cumulative Noise Impacts for Cable Car Project (No mitigation Measures) - (Leq.30min dB(A))
Table 4.10 Sound Power Levels for Specific Silenced PME
Table 4.11 Plant Inventory for Ngong Ping/Tung Chung Terminals (Using quiet plant)
Table 4.12 Cumulative Noise Impacts for Cable Car Project (Using Quiet Plant) - (Leq.30min dB(A))
Table 4.13 Plant Inventory for Ngong Ping/Tung Chung Terminals (Using movable noise barrier)
Table 4.14 Cumulative Noise Impacts for Cable Car Project (Using Noise Barrier at terminals) - (Leq.30min dB(A))
Table 4.15 Cumulative Noise Level for Terminal and Cable Car Travelling along the Ropeway - (Leq.30min dB(A))
Table 4.16 Cumulative Noise Level for Terminal and Cable Car Travelling along the Reopeway (with Mitigation Measures)- (Leq.30min dB(A))
Table 5.1 Different Groups of Inland Water Specified in the TM
Table 5.2 Standards for Effluents Discharged into Group A Inland Waters (All units in mg/L unless otherwise stated; all figures are upper limits unless otherwise indicated)
Table 5.3 Effluent Reuse at MTRC Site, Ngong Ping for Flushing and Irrigation Effluent Standards (DRAFT)
Table 5.4 Emergency Response Plan
Table 6.1 Vegetation Removed from Site Clearance (Approximate)
Table 6.2 Estimated Flow and Loads Caused by the Construction Workforce
Table 6.3 Summary of Wastes to be Generated
Table 6.4 Waste Management Plan
Table 7.1 Habitat Type and Approximate Area within the Study Site
Table 7.2 Habitat Character at Cable Car Structure Locations
Table 7.3 Evaluation of Grassland Habitats within the Study Area using the Criteria Listed in Table 2 of Annex 8 of the Technical Memorandum
Table 7.4 Evaluation of Marsh Habitats within the Study Area using the Criteria Listed in Table 2 of Annex 8 of the Technical Memorandum
Table 7.5 Uncommon Flora in the Low Shrub Community (2002)
Table 7.6 Evaluation of Low Shrub Habitats within the Study Area using the Criteria Listed in Table 2 of Annex 8 of the Technical Memorandum
Table 7.7 Evaluation of Tall Shrub Habitats within the Study Area using the Criteria Listed in Table 2 of Annex 8 of the Technical Memorandum
Table 7.8 Evaluation of Woodland Habitats within the Study Area using the Criteria Listed in Table 2 of Annex 8 of the Technical Memorandum
Table 7.9 Evaluation of Plantation Habitats within the Study Area using the Criteria Listed in Table 2 of Annex 8 of the Technical Memorandum
Table 7.10 Evaluation of Cultivation Habitat within the Study Area using the Criteria Listed in Table 2 of Annex 8 of the Technical Memorandum
Table 7.11 Evaluation of Abandoned Cultivation within the Study Area using the Criteria Listed in Table 2 of Annex 8 of the Technical Memorandum
Table 7.12 Evaluation of Streams within the Study Area using the Criteria Listed in Table 2 of Annex 8 of the Technical Memorandum
Table 7.13 Evaluation of Mangrove Habitats within the Study Area using the Criteria Listed in Table 2 of Annex 8 of the Technical Memorandum
Table 7.14 Evaluation of Coastal Water Habitats within the Study Area using the Criteria Listed in Table 2 of Annex 8 of the Technical Memorandum
Table 7.15 Evaluation of Developed Areas within the Study Area using the Criteria Listed in Table 2 of Annex 8 of the Technical Memorandum
Table 7.16 Historical Amphibian Records in the Study Area (Lau and Dudgeon, 1999)
Table 7.17 Historical Reptile Records from Ngong Ping (OAP, 2002) and Green Lantau Conservation Stategy
Table 7.18 Reptile and Amphibian Survey Data for the Study Area (2002)
Table 7.19 Butterfly Survey Data for the Study Area (2002)
Table 7.20 Odonate Survey Data for the Study Area (2002)
Table 7.21 Bird Survey Data for the Study Area (2002)
Table 7.22 Uncommon and Rare Bird Records in the Study Area (2002)
Table 7.23 Vegetation Community in Tung Chung Bay Mangals (Tam and Wong, 1997)
Table 7.24 Approximate Habitat Loss Arising from the Project (ha)
Table 7.25 Summary of Predicted Impacts on Habitats within the Study Area
Table 7.26 Summary of Habitat Requirements, Mobility and Predicted Impacts on Selected Faunal Species of Conservation Interest in the Study Area
Table 7.27 Summary of Construction Phase Impacts
Table 7.28 Summary of Operation Phase Impacts
Table 7.29 Summary of Impacts and Mitigation Measures
Table 7.30 Summary of Proposed Mitigation Measures and Predicated Residual Impacts
Table 8.1 Summary of Landscape Impacts of Permanent Features
Table 8.2 Landscape Character
Table 8.3 Key Visually Sensitive Receivers
Table 8.4 Summary of Mitigation Measures and Residual Landscape Impacts
Table 8.5 Summary of Mitigation Measures and Residual Visual Impacts
Table 9.1 Assessment of impacts from works on potential archaeological Resources
Table 9.2 Impact Assessment for the Construction Phase
Table 9.3 Impact Assessment for the Operational Phase
Table 9.4 Assessment of Impacts and Mitigation Recommendations for Cultural Landscape Features
Table 9.5 For the Recorded Grave at Ngong Ping
Table 10.1 Workforce estimation in Construction and Operation Stage
Table 10.2 Estimated Daily Patronage
Table 10.3 Calculated Hourly Patronage
Table 10.4 No. of Patronage in System per Direction
Table 10.5 Physical and Chemical Properties of Aviation Fuel (Jet A-1)
Table 10.6 Comparison of Hazard Scenarios
Table 10.7 Comparison of Tank Design of PAFF and HKIA
Table 10.8 Summary of Distance from Fire
Table 12.1 Monitoring of the Construction and Operation Phases and the Mitigation Measures
List of Figures
ANNEXES
Annex A Study Brief ESB-068/2001
Annex B Agreement No. HKI 1/2002 “Tung Chung Cable Car Project Ecological Baseline Survey”
Annex
CD Site
Photos showing the Terrain
Annex DE Calculations
of the Construction Dust Emission Factors
Annex EF Water
Supplies Department (WSD) guidelines on protection of Water Gathering Grounds
Annex FG Ecological Survey Results
Part A Natural Resource Conservation Policy
Part B Vegetation Survey Data for the Study Area
Part C Mammal and Herpetofauna Survey Data for the Study Area
Part D Butterfly Survey Data for the ‘Tung Chung’ Area
Part E Butterfly Survey Data for the Study Area
Part F Butterfly / Flood Source Synergy within the TCCC Study Area
Part G Bird Survey Data for the Study Area
Part H Stream Survey Data for the Study Area
Part I Coastal Survey Data for the Study Area
Annex GH Fire
Modelling Result
Annex H Construction and Operational Noise Calculations