TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.1 Background of the Project................................................................................ 1-1
1.2 The Assignment................................................................................................ 1-1
1.3 Objectives of the Assignment............................................................................ 1-2
1.4 Assessment Area.............................................................................................. 1-3
1.5 Organisation of the Report................................................................................ 1-3
2.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND........................................................................... 2-1
2.2 NEED OF THE PROJECT.............................................................................. 2-1
2.3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION............................................................................. 2-1
2.4 PROJECT LOCATION.................................................................................. 2-3
2.5 CONSIDERATION OF SEWAGE TREATMENT OPTIONS....................... 2-3
2.6 COMPARISON OF SEWAGE TREATMENT OPTIONS............................ 2-4
2.7 PRELIMINARY LAYOUT AND PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM.................. 2-9
2.8 PROJECT PROGRAMME........................................................................... 2-10
2.9 INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER PROJECTS............................................. 2-10
2.10 CONSTRUCTION METHODS FOR THE UPGRADING WORKS........... 2-10
3.1 Introduction...................................................................................................... 3-1
3.2 Environmental Legislations, Policies, Plans, Standards and Criteria..................... 3-1
3.3 Description of the Environment......................................................................... 3-2
3.4 Air Sensitive Receivers..................................................................................... 3-2
3.5 Initial Assessment and Control Measures.......................................................... 3-3
3.6 Prediction and Evaluation of Environmental Impacts........................................ 3-16
3.7 Mitigation of Adverse Environmental Impacts.................................................. 3-17
3.8 Evaluation of Residual Impact......................................................................... 3-21
3.9 Environmental Monitoring and Audit............................................................... 3-21
3.10 Conclusions.................................................................................................... 3-21
4.1 Introduction...................................................................................................... 4-1
4.2 Water Sensitive Receivers................................................................................ 4-1
4.3 Environmental Legislations, Policies, Plans, Standards and Criteria..................... 4-1
4.4 Description of the Environment....................................................................... 4-10
4.5 Assessment Methodology............................................................................... 4-17
4.6 Identification of Environmental Impacts........................................................... 4-25
4.7 Prediction and Evaluation of Environmental Impacts........................................ 4-26
4.8 Mitigation of Adverse Environmental Impacts.................................................. 4-38
4.9 Evaluation of Residual Impact......................................................................... 4-40
4.10 Environmental Monitoring and Audit............................................................... 4-41
4.11 Conclusions.................................................................................................... 4-41
6.1 Introduction...................................................................................................... 6-1
6.2 Environmental Legislation, Policies, Plans, Standards and Criteria...................... 6-1
6.3 Assessment Methodology................................................................................. 6-2
6.4 Description of Environment............................................................................... 6-3
6.5 Ecological Value............................................................................................. 6-21
6.6 Identification and Evaluation of Environmental Impact...................................... 6-28
6.7 Mitigation of Environmental Impact................................................................. 6-32
6.8 Evaluation of Residual Impact......................................................................... 6-32
6.9 Environmental Monitoring and Auditing........................................................... 6-32
6.10 Conclusions.................................................................................................... 6-33
6.11 References..................................................................................................... 6-33
7. WASTE MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS......................................................... 7-1
7.1 Introduction...................................................................................................... 7-1
7.2 Environmental Legislations, Policies, Plans, Standards and Criteria..................... 7-1
7.3 Assessment Methodology................................................................................. 7-2
7.4 Identification and Evaluation of Environmental Impacts...................................... 7-3
7.5 Mitigation of Adverse Environmental Impacts.................................................... 7-6
7.6 Evaluation of Residual Impacts........................................................................ 7-10
7.7 Environmental Monitoring and Audit............................................................... 7-10
7.8 Conclusion..................................................................................................... 7-10
8. LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL IMPACT.................................................................. 8-1
8.1 Introduction...................................................................................................... 8-1
8.2 Project Overview............................................................................................. 8-2
8.3 Review of Planning and Development Control Framework................................ 8-2
8.4 Environmental Legislation and Standards........................................................... 8-2
8.5 Assessment Methodology................................................................................. 8-3
8.6 Baseline Study................................................................................................ 8-10
8.7 Landscape Impact Assessment (LIA)............................................................. 8-14
8.8 Visual Impact Assessment (VIA).................................................................... 8-16
8.9 Recommendation on Landscape and Visual Mitigation Measures..................... 8-21
8.10 Conclusions.................................................................................................... 8-23
9. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING & AUDIT.................................................. 9-1
9.1 Introduction...................................................................................................... 9-1
9.2 Air Quality Impact............................................................................................ 9-1
9.3 Water Quality Impact....................................................................................... 9-2
9.4 Waste Management Implications....................................................................... 9-2
9.5 Landscape and Visual Impact........................................................................... 9-2
10. CONCLUSIONS & SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL OUTCOMES........ 10-1
10.1 Introduction.................................................................................................... 10-1
10.2 Air Quality Impact.......................................................................................... 10-1
10.3 Water Quality Impact..................................................................................... 10-2
10.4 Ecological Impact........................................................................................... 10-3
10.5 Waste Management Implications..................................................................... 10-3
10.6 Landscape and Visual Impact......................................................................... 10-3
10.7 Overall Conclusion......................................................................................... 10-4
List
of Appendices
Appendix 2-1 Sewage Treatment Process options
Appendix 2-3 Details and Technique for Bored Pile
Appendix 3-1 Calculation of Odour Emission Rate
Appendix 4-1 Near Field Modelling Results
Appendix 4-2 Assumed
Effluent Flow and Concentrations for Pillar Point Effluent
Appendix 4-3 Pollution
Loading Inventory for Deep Bay
Appendix 4-4 Model
Results at Indicator Points for 2012 – Dry Season
Appendix 4-5 Model
Results at Indicator Points for 2012 – Wet Season
Appendix 4-6 Model
Results at Indicator Points for UDS – Dry Season
Appendix 4-7 Model
Results at Indicator Points for UDS – Wet Season
Appendix 4-8 Emergency
Response Procedures
Appendix 6.1 Photographic
Records of Representative Habitats and Species of Conservation Interest
Appendix 6.2 Relative
Abundance (%) of Major Taxa at 6 Study Sites from HATS EEFS WP9 (2004)
Appendix 6.3 Relative
Biomass (%) of Major Taxa in the Study Sites from HATS EEFS WP9 (2004)
Appendix 6.6 Community
Structure of Sandy Bay from HATS EEFS WP9 (2004)
List of Tables
Table 2.1 Projected ADWF and PWWF for PPSTW Upgrading
Table 2.2 Corrected Pollution Loads for PPSTW Upgrading
Table 2.3 Recommended Effluent Standards for Upgraded PPSTW
Table 2.4 Shortlisting of Promising Processes
Table 3.1
Table 3.2 Background Air Quality
Table 3.3 Details of Representative Air Sensitive Receivers
Table 3.4 Potential Odour Sources of Existing Treatment Facilities
Table 3.5 Potential Odour Sources of New Sewage Treatment Facilities after Upgrading
Table 3.6 Odour Emission Rate of Upgraded PPSTW (Unmitigated)
Table 3.7 Conversion Factors to 5-second Mean Concentration
Table 3.8 Predicted Unmitigated Odour Levels at ASRs after PPSTW Upgrading
Table 3.9 Odour Emission Rate of Upgraded PPSTW (Mitigated)
Table 3.10 Predicted Mitigated Odour levels at ASRs after PPSTW Upgrading
Table 4.1 Summary of
Water Quality Objectives for North
Table 4.2 Summary of Water Quality Objectives for Western Buffer WCZ
Table 4.3 Summary of Water Quality Objectives for Deep Bay Water Control Zone
Table 4.4 WSD
Standards at
Table 4.5 Not Used
Table 4.6 Baseline
Water Quality Condition for North
Table 4.7 Baseline Water Quality Condition for Western Buffer WCZ in 2005
Table 4.8 Baseline Water Quality Condition for Deep Bay WCZ in 2005
Table 4.9 Typical Hourly Flow Pattern for the Project Effluent
Table 4.10 Design Influent and Effluent TSS and BOD5 of the Upgraded PPSTW
Table 4.11 Not Used
Table 4.12 Comparison of
Effluent E.coli Discharge Standards for Existing CEPT Plants in
Table 4.13 Assumed Effluent Loadings from the Upgraded PPSTW
Table 4.14 Assumed Effluent Quality of Secondary Treatment with Nitrogen Removal and Disinfection
Table 4.15 Modelling Scenarios for Emergency Discharge of Untreated Effluent from PPSTW
Table 4.16 Modelling Scenarios for Emergency Bypass of Treated Effluent from PPSTW
Table 4.17 Coastal Developments to be Incorporated in the 2012 and UDS Coastline Configurations
Table 4.18 Occurrence
and Distribution of Red Tides in
Table 6.4.1 The vertical
zonation of abundant invertebrates recorded in
Table 6.5.1 Ecological value of marine benthos within potential impacted areas (Western Buffer and Northwestern WCZs)
Table 6.5.2 Ecological value of coral community in potentially impacted areas (Western Buffer and Northwestern WCZs)
Table 6.5.3 Ecological value of intertidal community in potentially impacted areas (Western Buffer and Northwestern WCZs)
Table 6.5.4 Ecological value of Artificial Reefs in potentially impacted areas (Western Buffer and Northwestern WCZs)
Table 6.5.5 Ecological value of Chinese White Dolphin within potentially impacted areas (Western Buffer and Northwestern WCZs)
Table 6.5.6 Ecological value of Horseshoe Crab within potentially impacted areas (Western Buffer and Northwestern WCZs)
Table 6.5.7 Ecological value of Seagrass within potentially impacted areas (Western Buffer and Northwestern WCZs)
Table 6.6.1 Potential ecological impacts on Benthos habitats within potential impacted areas (Western Buffer and Northwestern WCZs)
Table 6.6.2 Potential ecological impacts of Coral community within potential impacted areas (Western Buffer and Northwestern WCZs)
Table 6.6.3 Potential ecological impacts of Intertidal communities within potential impacted areas (Western Buffer and Northwestern WCZs)
Table 6.6.4 Ecological impact on artificial reefs within potential impacted areas (Western Buffer and Northwestern WCZs)
Table 6.6.5 Ecological impact of Chinese White Dolphin within potential impacted areas (Western Buffer and Northwestern WCZs)
Table 7.1 Summary of Waste Handling Procedures and Disposal Routes for Construction Phase
Table 8.1 Illustration of the Sensitivity of LRs in Study area
Table 8.2 Identity of key visual sensitive receivers (VSRs) and their sensitivity to change
Table 8.3 Visual sensitive receivers (VSRs) and their magnitude of impacts
Table 8.4 Significance of landscape impacts in the construction and operational phases (Note: All impacts adverse unless otherwise noted. Only those resources or character areas that are impacted are listed in the table - resources not impacted are not listed.)
Table 8.5 Significance of visual impacts in the construction and operational phases (Note: All impacts adverse unless otherwise noted. Only those VSRs that are impacted are listed in the table - VSRs not impacted are not listed.)
Table 8.6 Proposed Landscape and Visual Mitigation Measures in Construction Phase
Table 8.7 Proposed Landscape and Visual Mitigation Measures in Operation Phase
Table 10.1 Summary of Key Environmental Outcomes / Benefits
Table 11.1 Implementation Schedule for Air Quality Impact
Table 11.2 Implementation Schedule for Water Quality Impact
Table 11.3 Implementation Schedule for Waste Management Implications
Table 11.4 Implementation Schedule for Landscape and Visual Impact
List of Figures